Dermatophytomycoses in children in rural Kenya: The impact of primary health care

Mycoses

Volumn 40, Issue 1-2, 1997, Pages 55-63

  Schmeller, W ^a   Baumgartner, Sabine ^a   Dzikus, A ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LÜBECK   (Germany)

^b United Nations Centre for Human Settlements Nairobi   (Kenya)

Author keywords

Africa; Children; Dermatomycoses; Dermatophytoses; Kenya; Microsporum audouinii var. langeronii; Microsporum canis; Primary health care; Tinea capitis; Trichophyton violaceum

Indexed keywords

WHITFIELD OINTMENT;

ARTICLE; CHILD; CONTROLLED STUDY; DERMATOMYCOSIS; HUMAN; KENYA; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MICROSPORUM; MICROSPORUM CANIS; PRIMARY HEALTH CARE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RURAL AREA; TINEA CAPITIS; TOPICAL DRUG ADMINISTRATION; TRICHOPHYTON VIOLACEUM;

CANIS; MICROSPORUM; MICROSPORUM AUDOUINII; MICROSPORUM CANIS; TINEA; TRICHOPHYTON VIOLACEUM;

EID: 0030849182     PISSN: 09337407     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0507.1997.tb00171.x     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. Canizares, O. (1988) Dermatologie priorities in developing countries. Infective - parasitic dermatoses in children. A community oriented approach. In: Grossmann, H. & Warning, D. (eds) Dermatology in Basic Health Services. Proceedings of the International Workshop. Zentralstelle für Wirtschafts- und Sozialentwicklung, Berlin. Berlin: Marcotty Publication Services, pp. 97-106.
2. Okoro, A. N. (1988) Epidemiology of skin diseases in Africa. In: Grossmann, H. & Warning, D. (eds) Dermatology in Basic Health Services. Proceedings of the International Workshop. Zentralstelle für Wirtschafts- und Sozialentwicklung, Berlin. Berlin: Marcotty Publication Services, pp. 9-18.
3. UNICEF (1989) Situation Analysis of Children and Woman in Kenya. UNICEF Kenya Country Office. Nairobi: Man Graphics.
4. Knaußmann, H. G. (1989) Mikroskopischer Pilznachweis mit optischem Aufheller: einfach, schnell, sicher. In: Wolff, H.H. & Schmeller, W. (Hrsg) Infektionen an Haut und Schleimhaut. Berlin: Grosse, S. 218-224.
5. UNICEF (1991) Community Financing of Primary Health Care. 'The Bamako Initiative'. Nairobi: UNICEF Kenya Country Office.
6. Gooskens, V., Pönninghaus, J. M., Clayton, Y., Mkandawire, P. & Sterne J. A. C. (1994) Treatment of superficial mycoses in the tropics: Whitfield's ointment versus clotrimazole. Int. J. Dermatol. 33: 738-742.
7. Pönninghaus, J. M., Gooskens, V., Clayton, Y., Mkandawire, P. & Sterne, J. (1994) Zur Behandlung oberflächlicher Mykosen in den Tropen. Ergebnisse einer Doppelblindstudie im Karonga-Distrikt, Malawi. mycoses 37, Suppl. 1, 101-104.
8. Sokal, R. R. & Rohlf, F. J. (1969) Biometry. San Franscisco: W.H. Freeman.
9. Schmeller, W. (1994) Dermatosen als Indikator sozioökonomischer Lebensbedingungen. Eine Untersuchung bei Schulkindern im ländlichen Kenia. Akt. Dermatol. 21, 139-146.
10. Rebell, G. & Taplin, D. (1970) Dermatophytes. Their Recognition and Identification. Coral Gables, FL: University of Miami Press, p. 76.
11. Schaller, K. F., Rieth, H. & Hopf, K. (1971) Reihenuntersuchungen auf Pilzbefall bei der einheimischen Bevölkerung von Bisidimo (Äthiopien). mykosen 14, 503-505.
12. Simpania, M. F. (1989) A contribution to the study of tinea capitis in Lusaka, Zambia. E. Afr. med. J. 66, 269-275.
13. Svejgaard E. L. (1995) Epidemiology of dermatophytes in Europe. Int. J. Dermatol. 34, 525-528.
14. Canizares, O. (1988) Pediatric tropical dermatology: a top priority in developing countries. In: Grossmann, H. & Warning, D. (eds) Dermatology in Basic Health Services. Proceedings of the International Workshop. Zentralstelle für Wirtschafts- und Sozialentwicklung, Berlin. Berlin: Marcotty Publication Services, pp. 119-125.
15. Kotrajaras, R. (1988) Mycotic diseases - a public health problem. In: Grossmann H. & Warning D. (eds) Dermatology in Basic Health Services. Proceedings of the International Workshop. Zentralstelle für Wirtschafts- und Sozialentwicklung, Berlin. Berlin: Marcotty Publication Services, pp. 109-110.
16. Gugnani, H. C. & Njoku-Obi, A. N. U. (1986) Tinea capitis in school children in Eastern Nigeria. mykosen 29, 132-144.
17. Verhagen, A. R. H. B. (1974) Distribution of dermatophytes causing tinea capitis in Africa. Review. Trop. Geogr. Med. 26, 101-120.
18. Korstanje M. J. & Staats C. C. G. (1994) Tinea capitis in Northwestern Europe 1963-1993: etiologic agents and their changing prevalence. Int. J. Dermatol. 33, 548-549.
19. Ekanem, L. S. & Gugnani, H. C. (1987) Etiology of dermatophytoses amongst school children in Cross River State, Nigeria. mykosen 30, 493-498.
20. Robertson, V. J. & Wright, S. (1990) A survey of tinea capitis in primary school children in Harare, Zimbabwe. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 93, 419-422.
21. Verhagen, A. R. H. B. (1974, reprinted 1982) Superficial fungus infections. In: Vogel, L. C., Muller, A. S., Odingo, R. S., et al. (eds) Health and Disease in Kenya. Nairobi: East African Literature Bureau, pp. 509-512.
22. Jacyk, W. K., Baran, E., Lavande, R. V. & Walow, B. (1981) Tinea capitis in Northern Nigeria. mykosen 25, 221-226.
23. Clayton, Y. M. & Midgley, G. (1977) Tinea capitis bei Schulkindern in London. Hautarzt 28, 32-34.
24. Hofman, H., Port, G., Stucky, S. et al. (1993) Tinea capitis durch Trichophyton violaceum. Akt. Dermatol. 19, 67-71.
25. Zaror, L., Fischmann, O., Borges, M. et al. (1985) The role of cats and dogs in the epidemiological cycle of Microsporum canis. mykosen 29, 185-188.
26. Male, O. (1994) Mykozoonosen - ihre medizinische Bedeutung für Mensch und Tier. Pilzdialog 1, 11-12.
27. Vanbreuseghem, R. (1978) Betrachtungen über die Dermatophytien. Hautarzt 29, 2-5.
28. Chang, P. & Logeman, H. (1994) Onychomycosis in children. Int. J. Dermatol. 33, 8, 550-551.
29. Lubwama, S. W. (1986) Dermatophytoses in East Africa: a review. E. Afr. med. J. 63, 485-491.
30. Stingl, P. (1987) Hautkrankheiten in Sierra Leone. Hautarzt 38, 146-154.
31. Schaller, K. F. (1994) Colour Atlas of Tropical Dermatology and Venerology. Berlin: Springer, pp. 79-102.
32. Diesfeld, H. J. (1989) Gesundheitsproblematik der Dritten Welt. Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft.
33. Lomholt, G. (1987) Dermatology in a developing country. Int. J. Dermatol. 26, 52-54.
34. Wood, C. H., Vaughan, J. P. & de Glanville, H. (eds) (1992) Community Health. Rural Health Series 12. Nairobi: African Medical and Research Foundation.
35. Ryan, T. J. (1990) A fresh look at the management of skin diseases in the tropics. Int. J. Dermatol. 29, 413-415.
36. Grossmann, H. & Warning, D. (eds) (1988) Dermatology in Basic Health Services. Proceedings of the International Workshop. Zentralstelle für Wirtschafts- und Sozialentwicklung, Berlin. Berlin: Marcotty Publication Services.