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2
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0004155427
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Freeman, New York, ed. 3
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L. Stryer, Biochemistry (Freeman, New York, ed. 3, 1988).
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Biochemistry
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Stryer, L.1
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4
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C. G. Hocker, I. R. Epstein, K. Kustin, K. Tornheim, Biophys. Chem. 51, 21 (1994).
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Hocker, C.G.1
Epstein, I.R.2
Kustin, K.3
Tornheim, K.4
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5
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1842400716
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note
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Solution was flowed into the CSTR through a peristaltic pump at a rate of 0.2 ml/min. A 10,000-MW ultrafiltration membrane (YM 10 Diaflo by Amicon, Beverly, MA) was used to confine the enzymes to the reactor. The solution is stirred with a Teflon stirring disk, which reduced the reactor volume to 1.17 ml.
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7
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1842384067
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note
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i, inorganic phosphate; and creatine-P, creatine phosphate.
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8
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0030132814
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P. Shen, D. Hauri, J. Ross, P. J. Oefner, J. Capillary Electrophor. 3, 155 (1996).
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J. Capillary Electrophor.
, vol.3
, pp. 155
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Shen, P.1
Hauri, D.2
Ross, J.3
Oefner, P.J.4
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9
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1842286124
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note
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All chemicals and enzymes were purchased from Sigma, except for PFK2::F26BPase, which was kindly provided by D. Okar. Reactions were carried out in a solution of 30 mM Hepes. 50 mM potassium chloride, 1.0 mM potassium phosphate, 2 mM dithiothreitol, 5.0 mM magnesium chloride, 0.8 mM adenosine triphosphate (ATP), 2.5 mM creatine-P, and 0.6 mM glucose, buffered at pH 7.1 with sodium hydroxide, which we will refer to as enzyme buffer. All enzymes are from rabbit muscle unless otherwise indicated. The enzymes include HK from baker's yeast; PHI, PFK1, and F16BP from rabbit liver; and aldolase, TPI, CK, and PFK2::F26BPase from rat liver.
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10
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1842304225
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note
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3D Capillary Electrophoresis machine equipped with photodiode-array detection. The fused silica capillaries used in the experiments were 53 cm in total length (45-cm effective length) with a 50-μm inner diameter and a 320-μm outer diameter. Running conditions were as follows: voltage, -20 kV; current, 17.6 μA electrolytes, 5.5 mM 4-hydroxybenzoate and 0.5 mM tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide, pH 11.6.
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12
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0342919888
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E. V. Schaftingen, M. F. Jett, L. Hue, H. G. Hers, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 78, 3483 (1981).
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Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.
, vol.78
, pp. 3483
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Schaftingen, E.V.1
Jett, M.F.2
Hue, L.3
Hers, H.G.4
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13
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0016725502
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G. Colombo, P. W. Tate, A. W. Girotti, R. G. Kemp, J. Biol. Chem. 250, 9404 (1975).
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J. Biol. Chem.
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, pp. 9404
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Colombo, G.1
Tate, P.W.2
Girotti, A.W.3
Kemp, R.G.4
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15
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1842356234
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note
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The enzyme activities were not constant during the entire 12-hour sampling period. Six separate experiments of 2 to 3 hours each were conducted, with the same amount of enzymes (by weight) in each experiment. Nonetheless, the enzyme activities differed slightly between experiments, as indicated by a change in the unperturbed steady-state concentrations of the measured species. In order to make the time series between experiments match, we multiplied the concentrations from the time series in each experiment by the appropriate ratio of the reference concentration (as defined above) to the measured unperturbed steady-state concentration. In order to repeat the last time point of a previous experiment, each experiment repeated the last two to three sets of input from the previous experiment.
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16
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0001361870
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D. A. Card, D. E. Folmer, S. Sato, S. A. Buzza, J. A. W. Castleman, J. Phys. Chem. 101, 3417 (1997).
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(1997)
J. Phys. Chem.
, vol.101
, pp. 3417
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Card, D.A.1
Folmer, D.E.2
Sato, S.3
Buzza, S.A.4
Castleman, J.A.W.5
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18
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1842313810
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note
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We thank P. Oefner (Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University) for the use of the capillary electrophoresis apparatus and for helpful discussions, and S. Pilkis (deceased) and D. Okar (Department of Biochemistry, University of Minnesota) for providing us with PFK2::F26BPase and for helpful discussions. This work was supported in part by NSF. A.A. was supported in part by Office of Naval Research grant N00014-96-1-0564.
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