Japanese historical experience: The paradox of non-axial modernity

International Social Science Journal

Volumn 49, Issue 151, 1997, Pages 123-133

  Eisenstadt, S N ^a  

^a HEBREW UNIVERSITY OF JERUSALEM   (Israel)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

COMPARATIVE STUDY; HISTORICAL RESEARCH; MODERNITY; SOCIAL PROCESS; THEORETICAL STUDY;

JAPAN;

EID: 0030847699     PISSN: 00208701     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2451.1997.tb00010.x     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. E. Durkheim, Review of T. Fukuda, Die gesellschaftliche und wirtschaftliche Entwichlung in Japan. L'Année Sociologique 5, pp. 342-47.
2. M. Bloch, La Société Féodale, Paris, Alain Michel, 1939. (English edition Feudal Society, London, Routledge and Kegan Paul, and Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1961-63).
3. M. Bloch, La Société Féodale, Paris, Alain Michel, 1939. (English edition Feudal Society, London, Routledge and Kegan Paul, and Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1961-63).
4. E. M. Berry, 'Public Peace and Public Attachment: The Goals and Conduct of Power in Early Modem Japan', Journal of Japanese Studies, Vol. 12, No. 2, 1986, pp. 237-72.
5. J. Beachler, The Origins of Capitalism. Oxford, Blackwell, 1975. For a general comparison see: J. P. Arnason, 'Comparing Japan and the West: Prolegomena to Research Program', in L. Gule and O. Storebo (eds), Development and Modernity - Perspectives on Western Theories of Modernization, Bergen, Ariadne, 1993, pp. 167-95.
6. J. Beachler, The Origins of Capitalism. Oxford, Blackwell, 1975. For a general comparison see: J. P. Arnason, 'Comparing Japan and the West: Prolegomena to Research Program', in L. Gule and O. Storebo (eds), Development and Modernity - Perspectives on Western Theories of Modernization, Bergen, Ariadne, 1993, pp. 167-95.
7. On the Meiji Ishin, see G. M. Wilson, Patriots and Redeemers in Japan - Motives in the Meiji Restoration, Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1992, ch. 2; Najita Tctsuo, 'Conceptual Consciousness in the Meiji Ishin', in N. Michio and M. Urida (eds), Meiji Ishin: Restoration and Revolution, Tokyo, United Nations University Press, 1985, pp. 83-88. For a comparative analysis sec S. N. Eisenstadt, 'Frameworks of the Great Revolutions: Culture, Social Structure, History and Human Agency', International Social Science Journal 44 (3), August 1992, pp. 385-401. On the Tokugawa rebellions, sec Herschell Webb, The Japanese Imperial Institution in the Tikugawa Period, 1968, New York and London, Columbia University Press.
8. On the Meiji Ishin, see G. M. Wilson, Patriots and Redeemers in Japan - Motives in the Meiji Restoration, Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1992, ch. 2; Najita Tctsuo, 'Conceptual Consciousness in the Meiji Ishin', in N. Michio and M. Urida (eds), Meiji Ishin: Restoration and Revolution, Tokyo, United Nations University Press, 1985, pp. 83-88. For a comparative analysis sec S. N. Eisenstadt, 'Frameworks of the Great Revolutions: Culture, Social Structure, History and Human Agency', International Social Science Journal 44 (3), August 1992, pp. 385-401. On the Tokugawa rebellions, sec Herschell Webb, The Japanese Imperial Institution in the Tikugawa Period, 1968, New York and London, Columbia University Press.
9. On the Meiji Ishin, see G. M. Wilson, Patriots and Redeemers in Japan - Motives in the Meiji Restoration, Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1992, ch. 2; Najita Tctsuo, 'Conceptual Consciousness in the Meiji Ishin', in N. Michio and M. Urida (eds), Meiji Ishin: Restoration and Revolution, Tokyo, United Nations University Press, 1985, pp. 83-88. For a comparative analysis sec S. N. Eisenstadt, 'Frameworks of the Great Revolutions: Culture, Social Structure, History and Human Agency', International Social Science Journal 44 (3), August 1992, pp. 385-401. On the Tokugawa rebellions, sec Herschell Webb, The Japanese Imperial Institution in the Tikugawa Period, 1968, New York and London, Columbia University Press.
10. On the Meiji Ishin, see G. M. Wilson, Patriots and Redeemers in Japan - Motives in the Meiji Restoration, Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1992, ch. 2; Najita Tctsuo, 'Conceptual Consciousness in the Meiji Ishin', in N. Michio and M. Urida (eds), Meiji Ishin: Restoration and Revolution, Tokyo, United Nations University Press, 1985, pp. 83-88. For a comparative analysis sec S. N. Eisenstadt, 'Frameworks of the Great Revolutions: Culture, Social Structure, History and Human Agency', International Social Science Journal 44 (3), August 1992, pp. 385-401. On the Tokugawa rebellions, sec Herschell Webb, The Japanese Imperial Institution in the Tikugawa Period, 1968, New York and London, Columbia University Press.
11. A. Gordon, Labor and Imperial Democracy in Pre-War Japan, Berkeley, University of California Press, 1991.
12. G. Allinson. 'Citizenship, Fragmentation and the Negotiated Polity'; Michio Muramatsu, 'Patterned Pluralism under Challenge: The Policies of the 1980s'; M. McKean, 'State Strength and the Public Interest', in Gary D. Allinson and Yasunori Sone (eds), Political Dynamics in Contemporary Japan, Ithaca and London, Cornell University Press, 1993, pp. 15-105.
13. G. Allinson. 'Citizenship, Fragmentation and the Negotiated Polity'; Michio Muramatsu, 'Patterned Pluralism under Challenge: The Policies of the 1980s'; M. McKean, 'State Strength and the Public Interest', in Gary D. Allinson and Yasunori Sone (eds), Political Dynamics in Contemporary Japan, Ithaca and London, Cornell University Press, 1993, pp. 15-105.
14. G. Allinson. 'Citizenship, Fragmentation and the Negotiated Polity'; Michio Muramatsu, 'Patterned Pluralism under Challenge: The Policies of the 1980s'; M. McKean, 'State Strength and the Public Interest', in Gary D. Allinson and Yasunori Sone (eds), Political Dynamics in Contemporary Japan, Ithaca and London, Cornell University Press, 1993, pp. 15-105.
15. See, for instance, John S. Brownless, Political Thought in Japanese Historical Writing, From Kojiki (712) to Tokushi Yaron (1712), Waterloo Ontario, Wilfred Laurier University Press, 1992, as well as the bibliography in chapter XV. For a rather parallel analysis, see Carol Gluck, 'Patterns of Change; A "Great Unified Theory" of Japanese History', Bulletin, The American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Vol. XLVIII, March 1995, No. 6, pp. 35-43.
16. See, for instance, John S. Brownless, Political Thought in Japanese Historical Writing, From Kojiki (712) to Tokushi Yaron (1712), Waterloo Ontario, Wilfred Laurier University Press, 1992, as well as the bibliography in chapter XV. For a rather parallel analysis, see Carol Gluck, 'Patterns of Change; A "Great Unified Theory" of Japanese History', Bulletin, The American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Vol. XLVIII, March 1995, No. 6, pp. 35-43.
17. Shushaki Endo, Silence, Tokyo, Sophia University Tokyo, 1969.
18. Robert N. Bellah, 'Values and Social Change in Modern Japan', in Beyond Belief: Essays on Religion in a Post-Traditional World, NewYork, Evanston and London, Harper & Row, 1970, pp. 114-46.
19. See R. Whiting, The Chrysanthemum and the But, and also M. Kiyota and H. Kinoshita (eds), Japanese Martial Arts and American Sports - Cross Cultural Perspectives on Means to Personal Growth, Nihon University (Tokyo). See Dean W. Collingwood and Osamu Kusatsu, Japanese Rastafarians: Non Conformity in Modern Japan, paper (unpublished), Department of Sociology, University of Chicago, 1992.
20. See R. Whiting, The Chrysanthemum and the But, and also M. Kiyota and H. Kinoshita (eds), Japanese Martial Arts and American Sports - Cross Cultural Perspectives on Means to Personal Growth, Nihon University (Tokyo). See Dean W. Collingwood and Osamu Kusatsu, Japanese Rastafarians: Non Conformity in Modern Japan, paper (unpublished), Department of Sociology, University of Chicago, 1992.
21. See R. Whiting, The Chrysanthemum and the But, and also M. Kiyota and H. Kinoshita (eds), Japanese Martial Arts and American Sports - Cross Cultural Perspectives on Means to Personal Growth, Nihon University (Tokyo). See Dean W. Collingwood and Osamu Kusatsu, Japanese Rastafarians: Non Conformity in Modern Japan, paper (unpublished), Department of Sociology, University of Chicago, 1992.
22. J. R. Werblowski, Beyond Tradition and Modernity, London, Athlone Press, 1976.
23. G. A. Hoston. 'A "Theology" of Liberation? Socialist Revolution and Spiritual Regeneration in Chinese and Japanese Marxism', in P. A. Cohen and M. Goldman (eds), Ideas Across Cultures - Essays on Chinese Thought in Honor of Benjamin J. Schwarz, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1990, pp. 165-94.
24. Stefan Tanaka, Japan's Orient, Rendering Past into History, Berkeley and Los Angeles, University of California Press, 1993.
25. R. Goodman, Japan's International Youth: the Emerging of a New Class of Grandchildren, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1990.
26. Murakami, Yasasuke, Two Types of Civilization: Trans-cendental and Hermeneutic', Nichibunken Japan Review, Vol. I, 1990, pp. 1-34. See also K. Singer, Mirror, Sword and Jewel. See also E. Ohnuki Tierney, 'The Monkey as Self in Japanese Culture', in Tierney (ed.), Culture Through Time, Stanford, CA, Stanford University Press, 1990, pp. 128-154.
27. Murakami, Yasasuke, Two Types of Civilization: Trans-cendental and Hermeneutic', Nichibunken Japan Review, Vol. I, 1990, pp. 1-34. See also K. Singer, Mirror, Sword and Jewel. See also E. Ohnuki Tierney, 'The Monkey as Self in Japanese Culture', in Tierney (ed.), Culture Through Time, Stanford, CA, Stanford University Press, 1990, pp. 128-154.
28. Murakami, Yasasuke, Two Types of Civilization: Trans-cendental and Hermeneutic', Nichibunken Japan Review, Vol. I, 1990, pp. 1-34. See also K. Singer, Mirror, Sword and Jewel. See also E. Ohnuki Tierney, 'The Monkey as Self in Japanese Culture', in Tierney (ed.), Culture Through Time, Stanford, CA, Stanford University Press, 1990, pp. 128-154.
29. T. Rohlen, Order in Japanese Society: Attachment, Authority and routine', Journal of Japanese Studies, Vol. 15, No. 1, 1989, pp. 5-41.
30. Doreen K. Kondo, Grafting Selves - Power, Gender und Discourses of Identity in a Japanese Workplace, Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1990, p. 122; see also J. C. Pelzel, 'Japanese Kinship: a Comparison', in M. Freedman, Family and Kinship in Chinese Society, Stanford, Stanford University Press, 1970, pp. 227-49.
31. Doreen K. Kondo, Grafting Selves - Power, Gender und Discourses of Identity in a Japanese Workplace, Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1990, p. 122; see also J. C. Pelzel, 'Japanese Kinship: a Comparison', in M. Freedman, Family and Kinship in Chinese Society, Stanford, Stanford University Press, 1970, pp. 227-49.
32. It is these features of the Japanese social structure which make up the 'Yemoto system', a term denoting, according to Francis X. Hsu, kinship-like groups or settings which are yet not kinship based. It is this type of group or settings which, according to him, constitutes the basic core of Japanese social structure (F. X. Hsu, Yemoto - The Heart of Japan, Cambridge, Mass, 1975).
33. F. X. Hsu, Yemoto, op. cit.
34. Y. Murakami and T. P. Rohlen, 'Social-Exchange Aspects of the Japanese Political Economy: Culture, Efficiency and Change', op. cit.
35. On the centrality of networks in Japanese society, see M. Hamaguchi, Japanese Systems: An Alternative Civilization, Tokyo, Soketac, 1992.
36. G. Allinson, 'Citizenship, Fragmentation and the Negotiated Policy'; Michio Muramatsu, 'Patterned Pluralism under Challenge: The Policies of the 1980s'; M. McKean, 'State Strength and the Public Interest', in Gary D. Allinson and Yasunori Sonc (eds), Political Dynamics in Contemporary Japan, Ithaca and London, Cornell University Press, 1993, pp. 15-105. See also Frank Schwarz, Of Fairy Cloaks and Familiar Talks: The Politics of Consultation', in G. Allinson and Yasunori Sone (eds), Political Dynamics in Contemporary Japan, op. cit., pp. 217-42; T. Ishida, 'Emerging or Eclipsing Citizenship? A Study of Changes in Political Attitudes in Postwar Japan', in Hajime Shinohara (eds), The Developing Economies VI-4, 1968. See for instance Hirose Michisada, 'The Ingredients of LDP Success', Japan Echo, Vol. 10, No. 2, 1983, pp. 54-61; Sato Seizaburo, 'Can Single Party Rule Endure?' Japan Echo, Vol. 10, No. 4, 1983, pp. 9-14; G. Curtis, The Japanese Way of Politics, New York, Columbia University Press, 1988; O. Hideo, 'Postwar Politics: Liberalism Versus Social Democracy',. Japan Echo, Vol. 10, No. 2, 1983, pp. 43-54; Murakami Yasusuke, The Age of New Middle Mass Politics: The Case of Japan', Journal of Japanese Studies, Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 29-72, 1982.
37. G. Allinson, 'Citizenship, Fragmentation and the Negotiated Policy'; Michio Muramatsu, 'Patterned Pluralism under Challenge: The Policies of the 1980s'; M. McKean, 'State Strength and the Public Interest', in Gary D. Allinson and Yasunori Sonc (eds), Political Dynamics in Contemporary Japan, Ithaca and London, Cornell University Press, 1993, pp. 15-105. See also Frank Schwarz, Of Fairy Cloaks and Familiar Talks: The Politics of Consultation', in G. Allinson and Yasunori Sone (eds), Political Dynamics in Contemporary Japan, op. cit., pp. 217-42; T. Ishida, 'Emerging or Eclipsing Citizenship? A Study of Changes in Political Attitudes in Postwar Japan', in Hajime Shinohara (eds), The Developing Economies VI-4, 1968. See for instance Hirose Michisada, 'The Ingredients of LDP Success', Japan Echo, Vol. 10, No. 2, 1983, pp. 54-61; Sato Seizaburo, 'Can Single Party Rule Endure?' Japan Echo, Vol. 10, No. 4, 1983, pp. 9-14; G. Curtis, The Japanese Way of Politics, New York, Columbia University Press, 1988; O. Hideo, 'Postwar Politics: Liberalism Versus Social Democracy',. Japan Echo, Vol. 10, No. 2, 1983, pp. 43-54; Murakami Yasusuke, The Age of New Middle Mass Politics: The Case of Japan', Journal of Japanese Studies, Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 29-72, 1982.
38. G. Allinson, 'Citizenship, Fragmentation and the Negotiated Policy'; Michio Muramatsu, 'Patterned Pluralism under Challenge: The Policies of the 1980s'; M. McKean, 'State Strength and the Public Interest', in Gary D. Allinson and Yasunori Sonc (eds), Political Dynamics in Contemporary Japan, Ithaca and London, Cornell University Press, 1993, pp. 15-105. See also Frank Schwarz, Of Fairy Cloaks and Familiar Talks: The Politics of Consultation', in G. Allinson and Yasunori Sone (eds), Political Dynamics in Contemporary Japan, op. cit., pp. 217-42; T. Ishida, 'Emerging or Eclipsing Citizenship? A Study of Changes in Political Attitudes in Postwar Japan', in Hajime Shinohara (eds), The Developing Economies VI-4, 1968. See for instance Hirose Michisada, 'The Ingredients of LDP Success', Japan Echo, Vol. 10, No. 2, 1983, pp. 54-61; Sato Seizaburo, 'Can Single Party Rule Endure?' Japan Echo, Vol. 10, No. 4, 1983, pp. 9-14; G. Curtis, The Japanese Way of Politics, New York, Columbia University Press, 1988; O. Hideo, 'Postwar Politics: Liberalism Versus Social Democracy',. Japan Echo, Vol. 10, No. 2, 1983, pp. 43-54; Murakami Yasusuke, The Age of New Middle Mass Politics: The Case of Japan', Journal of Japanese Studies, Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 29-72, 1982.
39. G. Allinson, 'Citizenship, Fragmentation and the Negotiated Policy'; Michio Muramatsu, 'Patterned Pluralism under Challenge: The Policies of the 1980s'; M. McKean, 'State Strength and the Public Interest', in Gary D. Allinson and Yasunori Sonc (eds), Political Dynamics in Contemporary Japan, Ithaca and London, Cornell University Press, 1993, pp. 15-105. See also Frank Schwarz, Of Fairy Cloaks and Familiar Talks: The Politics of Consultation', in G. Allinson and Yasunori Sone (eds), Political Dynamics in Contemporary Japan, op. cit., pp. 217-42; T. Ishida, 'Emerging or Eclipsing Citizenship? A Study of Changes in Political Attitudes in Postwar Japan', in Hajime Shinohara (eds), The Developing Economies VI-4, 1968. See for instance Hirose Michisada, 'The Ingredients of LDP Success', Japan Echo, Vol. 10, No. 2, 1983, pp. 54-61; Sato Seizaburo, 'Can Single Party Rule Endure?' Japan Echo, Vol. 10, No. 4, 1983, pp. 9-14; G. Curtis, The Japanese Way of Politics, New York, Columbia University Press, 1988; O. Hideo, 'Postwar Politics: Liberalism Versus Social Democracy',. Japan Echo, Vol. 10, No. 2, 1983, pp. 43-54; Murakami Yasusuke, The Age of New Middle Mass Politics: The Case of Japan', Journal of Japanese Studies, Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 29-72, 1982.
40. G. Allinson, 'Citizenship, Fragmentation and the Negotiated Policy'; Michio Muramatsu, 'Patterned Pluralism under Challenge: The Policies of the 1980s'; M. McKean, 'State Strength and the Public Interest', in Gary D. Allinson and Yasunori Sonc (eds), Political Dynamics in Contemporary Japan, Ithaca and London, Cornell University Press, 1993, pp. 15-105. See also Frank Schwarz, Of Fairy Cloaks and Familiar Talks: The Politics of Consultation', in G. Allinson and Yasunori Sone (eds), Political Dynamics in Contemporary Japan, op. cit., pp. 217-42; T. Ishida, 'Emerging or Eclipsing Citizenship? A Study of Changes in Political Attitudes in Postwar Japan', in Hajime Shinohara (eds), The Developing Economies VI-4, 1968. See for instance Hirose Michisada, 'The Ingredients of LDP Success', Japan Echo, Vol. 10, No. 2, 1983, pp. 54-61; Sato Seizaburo, 'Can Single Party Rule Endure?' Japan Echo, Vol. 10, No. 4, 1983, pp. 9-14; G. Curtis, The Japanese Way of Politics, New York, Columbia University Press, 1988; O. Hideo, 'Postwar Politics: Liberalism Versus Social Democracy',. Japan Echo, Vol. 10, No. 2, 1983, pp. 43-54; Murakami Yasusuke, The Age of New Middle Mass Politics: The Case of Japan', Journal of Japanese Studies, Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 29-72, 1982.
41. G. Allinson, 'Citizenship, Fragmentation and the Negotiated Policy'; Michio Muramatsu, 'Patterned Pluralism under Challenge: The Policies of the 1980s'; M. McKean, 'State Strength and the Public Interest', in Gary D. Allinson and Yasunori Sonc (eds), Political Dynamics in Contemporary Japan, Ithaca and London, Cornell University Press, 1993, pp. 15-105. See also Frank Schwarz, Of Fairy Cloaks and Familiar Talks: The Politics of Consultation', in G. Allinson and Yasunori Sone (eds), Political Dynamics in Contemporary Japan, op. cit., pp. 217-42; T. Ishida, 'Emerging or Eclipsing Citizenship? A Study of Changes in Political Attitudes in Postwar Japan', in Hajime Shinohara (eds), The Developing Economies VI-4, 1968. See for instance Hirose Michisada, 'The Ingredients of LDP Success', Japan Echo, Vol. 10, No. 2, 1983, pp. 54-61; Sato Seizaburo, 'Can Single Party Rule Endure?' Japan Echo, Vol. 10, No. 4, 1983, pp. 9-14; G. Curtis, The Japanese Way of Politics, New York, Columbia University Press, 1988; O. Hideo, 'Postwar Politics: Liberalism Versus Social Democracy',. Japan Echo, Vol. 10, No. 2, 1983, pp. 43-54; Murakami Yasusuke, The Age of New Middle Mass Politics: The Case of Japan', Journal of Japanese Studies, Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 29-72, 1982.
42. G. Allinson, 'Citizenship, Fragmentation and the Negotiated Policy'; Michio Muramatsu, 'Patterned Pluralism under Challenge: The Policies of the 1980s'; M. McKean, 'State Strength and the Public Interest', in Gary D. Allinson and Yasunori Sonc (eds), Political Dynamics in Contemporary Japan, Ithaca and London, Cornell University Press, 1993, pp. 15-105. See also Frank Schwarz, Of Fairy Cloaks and Familiar Talks: The Politics of Consultation', in G. Allinson and Yasunori Sone (eds), Political Dynamics in Contemporary Japan, op. cit., pp. 217-42; T. Ishida, 'Emerging or Eclipsing Citizenship? A Study of Changes in Political Attitudes in Postwar Japan', in Hajime Shinohara (eds), The Developing Economies VI-4, 1968. See for instance Hirose Michisada, 'The Ingredients of LDP Success', Japan Echo, Vol. 10, No. 2, 1983, pp. 54-61; Sato Seizaburo, 'Can Single Party Rule Endure?' Japan Echo, Vol. 10, No. 4, 1983, pp. 9-14; G. Curtis, The Japanese Way of Politics, New York, Columbia University Press, 1988; O. Hideo, 'Postwar Politics: Liberalism Versus Social Democracy',. Japan Echo, Vol. 10, No. 2, 1983, pp. 43-54; Murakami Yasusuke, The Age of New Middle Mass Politics: The Case of Japan', Journal of Japanese Studies, Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 29-72, 1982.
43. G. Allinson, 'Citizenship, Fragmentation and the Negotiated Policy'; Michio Muramatsu, 'Patterned Pluralism under Challenge: The Policies of the 1980s'; M. McKean, 'State Strength and the Public Interest', in Gary D. Allinson and Yasunori Sonc (eds), Political Dynamics in Contemporary Japan, Ithaca and London, Cornell University Press, 1993, pp. 15-105. See also Frank Schwarz, Of Fairy Cloaks and Familiar Talks: The Politics of Consultation', in G. Allinson and Yasunori Sone (eds), Political Dynamics in Contemporary Japan, op. cit., pp. 217-42; T. Ishida, 'Emerging or Eclipsing Citizenship? A Study of Changes in Political Attitudes in Postwar Japan', in Hajime Shinohara (eds), The Developing Economies VI-4, 1968. See for instance Hirose Michisada, 'The Ingredients of LDP Success', Japan Echo, Vol. 10, No. 2, 1983, pp. 54-61; Sato Seizaburo, 'Can Single Party Rule Endure?' Japan Echo, Vol. 10, No. 4, 1983, pp. 9-14; G. Curtis, The Japanese Way of Politics, New York, Columbia University Press, 1988; O. Hideo, 'Postwar Politics: Liberalism Versus Social Democracy',. Japan Echo, Vol. 10, No. 2, 1983, pp. 43-54; Murakami Yasusuke, The Age of New Middle Mass Politics: The Case of Japan', Journal of Japanese Studies, Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 29-72, 1982.
44. G. Allinson, 'Citizenship, Fragmentation and the Negotiated Policy'; Michio Muramatsu, 'Patterned Pluralism under Challenge: The Policies of the 1980s'; M. McKean, 'State Strength and the Public Interest', in Gary D. Allinson and Yasunori Sonc (eds), Political Dynamics in Contemporary Japan, Ithaca and London, Cornell University Press, 1993, pp. 15-105. See also Frank Schwarz, Of Fairy Cloaks and Familiar Talks: The Politics of Consultation', in G. Allinson and Yasunori Sone (eds), Political Dynamics in Contemporary Japan, op. cit., pp. 217-42; T. Ishida, 'Emerging or Eclipsing Citizenship? A Study of Changes in Political Attitudes in Postwar Japan', in Hajime Shinohara (eds), The Developing Economies VI-4, 1968. See for instance Hirose Michisada, 'The Ingredients of LDP Success', Japan Echo, Vol. 10, No. 2, 1983, pp. 54-61; Sato Seizaburo, 'Can Single Party Rule Endure?' Japan Echo, Vol. 10, No. 4, 1983, pp. 9-14; G. Curtis, The Japanese Way of Politics, New York, Columbia University Press, 1988; O. Hideo, 'Postwar Politics: Liberalism Versus Social Democracy',. Japan Echo, Vol. 10, No. 2, 1983, pp. 43-54; Murakami Yasusuke, The Age of New Middle Mass Politics: The Case of Japan', Journal of Japanese Studies, Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 29-72, 1982.
45. G. Allinson, 'Citizenship, Fragmentation and the Negotiated Policy'; Michio Muramatsu, 'Patterned Pluralism under Challenge: The Policies of the 1980s'; M. McKean, 'State Strength and the Public Interest', in Gary D. Allinson and Yasunori Sonc (eds), Political Dynamics in Contemporary Japan, Ithaca and London, Cornell University Press, 1993, pp. 15-105. See also Frank Schwarz, Of Fairy Cloaks and Familiar Talks: The Politics of Consultation', in G. Allinson and Yasunori Sone (eds), Political Dynamics in Contemporary Japan, op. cit., pp. 217-42; T. Ishida, 'Emerging or Eclipsing Citizenship? A Study of Changes in Political Attitudes in Postwar Japan', in Hajime Shinohara (eds), The Developing Economies VI-4, 1968. See for instance Hirose Michisada, 'The Ingredients of LDP Success', Japan Echo, Vol. 10, No. 2, 1983, pp. 54-61; Sato Seizaburo, 'Can Single Party Rule Endure?' Japan Echo, Vol. 10, No. 4, 1983, pp. 9-14; G. Curtis, The Japanese Way of Politics, New York, Columbia University Press, 1988; O. Hideo, 'Postwar Politics: Liberalism Versus Social Democracy',. Japan Echo, Vol. 10, No. 2, 1983, pp. 43-54; Murakami Yasusuke, The Age of New Middle Mass Politics: The Case of Japan', Journal of Japanese Studies, Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 29-72, 1982.