Fetal biophysical profile: A critical appraisal

Fetal and Maternal Medicine Review

Volumn 9, Issue 2, 1997, Pages 103-123

  Manning, Frank A ^a,b  

^a Columbia University ^*  (United States)

^b New York State Psychiat Inst and New York Presbyterian Hospital Columbia University Medical Center   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

FETUS GROWTH; FETUS HEART RATE; FETUS MONITORING; FETUS MOVEMENT; HUMAN; OBSTETRIC CARE; OXYTOCIN TEST; PERINATAL MORTALITY; REVIEW; UTERUS CONTRACTION;

EID: 0030846830     PISSN: 09655395     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0965539597000077     Document Type: Review

References (71)

1. Hon EH. The electronic evaluation of the fetal heart rate. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1958; 75: 1215-30.
2. Ray M, Freeman RK, Pine S, Hesselgesser R. Clinical experience with the oxytocin challenge test. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1972; 114: 1-9.
3. Lee CY, Di Loreto PC, Logrand B. Fetal activity acceleration determination for the evaluation of fetal reserve. Obstet Gynecol 1976; 48: 19-26.
4. Rochard F, Schifrin BS, Groupil F, Legrand H, Blottiere J, Sureau C. Non-stressed fetal heart rate monitoring in the antepartum period. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1976; 125: 699-706.
5. Dawes GS, Fox HE, Leduc BM, Liggins GC, Richards RT. Respiratory movements and paradoxical sleep in the fetal lamb. J Physiol (Lond) 1970; 220: 119-43.
6. Boddy K, Dawes GS, Fisher R, Pinter S, Robinson JS. Fetal respiratory movements, electrocortical and cardiovascular responses to hypoxaemia and acidaemia in sheep. J Physiol (Lond) 1974; 243: 599-618.
7. Manning FA. Fetal breathing movements as a reflection of fetal status. Postgrad Med 1977; 61: 116-22.
8. Manning FA, Platt LD. Fetal breathing movements and the abnormal contraction stress test. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1979; 133: 590-93.
9. Manning FA, Platt LD, Sipos L. Fetal breathing movements and the nonstress test in high risk pregnancies. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1979; 135: 511-15.
10. Manning FA, Lange IR, Morrison I, Harman CR. Fetal biophysical profile and the nonstress test: a comparative trial. Obstet Gynecol 1984; 64: 326-31.
11. Bastide A, Manning FA, Harman C, Lange I, Morrison I. Ultrasound evaluation of amniotic fluid: outcome in pregnancies with severe oligohydramnios. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1986; 154: 895-900.
12. Chamberlain PF, Manning FA, Morrison I, Harman CR, Lange IR. Ultrasound evaluation of amniotic fluid. I. The relationship of marginal and decreased amniotic fluid volume to perinatal outcome. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1984; 150: 245-49.
13. Manning FA, Platt LD, Sipos L. Antepartum fetal evaluation: the development of a fetal biophysical profile score. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1980; 136: 787-95.
14. Manning FA, Morrison I, Lange IR, Harman CR, Chamberlain PF. Fetal assessment based on fetal biophysical profile scoring: experience in 12,620 referred high risk pregnancies. I. Perinatal mortality by frequency and etiology. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1985; 151: 343-50.
15. Baskett TF, Allan AC, Gray JH, Young DC, Young LM. Fetal biophysical profile and perinatal death. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1987; 70: 357-60.
16. Platt LD, Eglington GS, Sipos L, Broussard PM, Paul RH. Further experience with the fetal biophysical profile score. Obstet Gynecol 1983; 61: 480-95.
17. Shime J, Gare JD, Andrews J, Bertrand M, Salgado J, Whillans G. Prolonged pregnancy: surveillance of the fetus and the neonate and the course of labour and delivery. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1984; 148: 547-52.
18. Schifrin BS, Guntes V, Gergely RC, Eden R, Roll K, Jacobs J. The role of real time scanning in antenatal surveillance. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1980; 140: 525-30.
19. Vintzileos AM, Campbell WA, Ingardia CJ, Nochimson DJ. The fetal biophysical profile and its predictive value. Obstet Gynecol 1983; 62: 271-78.
20. Golde SH, Montano M, Good-Anderson B, Broussard P, Jacobs N, Loesser C. The role of nonstress tests, fetal biophysical profile and contraction stress test in the outpatient management of insulin requiring diabetic patients. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1984; 148: 269-73.
21. Manning FA, Morrison I, Harman CR, Lange IR, Menticoglou S. Fetal assessment based on the fetal biophysical profile score: experience in 19221 referred high risk pregnancies. II. The false negative rate by frequency and etiology. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1987; 157: 880-84.
22. Chamberlain PF. Late fetal death: has ultrasound a role to play in its prevention? Irish J Med Sci 1990; 160: 251-59.
23. Chamberlain PF, Comerford FR. Composite sonographic assessment of fetal health: testing method accuracy and impact on perinatal mortality at an Irish regional hospital. In: Manning FA ed, Fetal Medicine: principles and practice. Norwalk, Conn: Appleton Lange, 1995: 261.
24. Morrison I, Olson J. Weight specific stillbirths and associated causes of death: an analysis of 765 consecutive stillbirths. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1985; 152: 975-80.
25. Booking AD, Gagnon R, Milne KM, White SE. Behavioural activity during prolonged hypoxaemia in fetal sheep. J Appl Physiol 1988; 65: 2420-26.
26. Vintzileos AM, Fleming AD, Scorza WE, Wolf EJ, Balducci J, Campbell WA et al. Relationship between fetal biophysical activities and cord blood gases. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1991; 165: 707-13
27. Rurak DW, Gruber NC. Effect of neuromuscular blockade on oxygen consumption and blood gases. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1983; 145: 258-62.
28. Ribbert LMS, Snijders RJM, Nicolaides KH, Visser GH. Relationship of fetal biophysical profile score and blood gas values at cordocentesis in severely growth-retarded fetuses. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1990; 163: 569-71.
29. Yoon BH, Romero R, Roh CR, Kim SH, Ager JW, Syn HC. Relationship between the fetal biophysical profile score, umbilical artery velocimetry and fetal blood gas status determined by cordocentesis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1993 169: 1586-94.
30. Manning FA, Snijders RJM, Harman CR, Nicolaides KH, Menticoglou S, Morrison I. Fetal biophysical profile scoring. VI. Correlation with antepartum umbilical venous fetal pH. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1993; 169: 755-63.
31. Salvesen DR, Freeman J, Brudenell, JM, Nicolaides KH. Prediction of fetal acidemia in pregnancies complicated by maternal diabetes by fetal biophysical profile scoring and fetal heart rate monitoring. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1993; 100: 227-33.
32. Manning FA. Unpublished observations 1996
33. Nicolaides KH, Economides DL, Soothill PW. Blood gases, pH and lactate in appropriate and small for gestational age fetuses. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1989; 161: 996-1001.
34. Manning FA. Fetal biophysical profile scoring. In: Manning FA ed, Fetal assessment: principles and practice. Norwalk, Conn: Appleton Lange, 1995: 221-64.
35. Harman CR, Manning FA, Bowman J. The role of fetal biophysical profile score in the timing of intravascular transfusion in severe fetal allo-immune anaemia. Proc SPO Anaheim Calif 1997 (abstract).
36. Manning FA, Morrison I, Lange IR, Harman CR. Fetal biophysical profile scoring: selective use of the nonstress test. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1987; 156: 709-12.
37. Manning FA, Morrison I, Harman CR, Menticoglou SM. The abnormal fetal biophysical profile score. V. Predictive accuracy according to score composition. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1990; 162: 918-24.
38. Manning FA, Hill LM, Platt LD. Qualitative amniotic fluid volume determination by ultrasound: antepartum detection of intrauterine growth retardation. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1981; 139: 254-58.
39. Phelan JP, Ahn MO, Smith CV, Rutherford SE, Anderson E. Amniotic fluid index measurements during pregnancy. J Reprod Med 1987; 32: 601-604.
40. Moore TR. Superiority of the four-quadrant sum over the deepest-pocket technique in ultrasonographic identification of abnormal amniotic fluid volume. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1990; 163: 762-76.
41. Nageotte MP, Towers CV, Asrat T, Freeman RK. Perinatal outcome with the modified biophysical profile. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1994; 170: 1672-76.
42. Vintzileos AM, Campbell WA, Nochimson DJ, Weinbaum PM. The use and misuse of the fetal biophysical profile. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1987; 156: 527-33.
43. Grannum PAT, Berkowitz RL, Hobbins JC. The ultrasonic changes in the maturing placenta and the relationship to fetal pulmonic maturity. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1979; 133: 915-22.
44. Ribbert LS, Nicolaides KH, Visser GH. Prediction of fetal acidaemia in intrauterine growth retardation: comparison of quantified fetal activity with the fetal biophysical profile score. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1993; 100: 653-56.
45. Johnstone FD, Haddad NG, Hoskins P, McDicken W, Chambers S, Muir B. Umbilical artery Doppler flow velocity waveforms: the outcome in pregnancies with absent end diastolic flow. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1988; 28: 171-78.
46. Woo LSK, Liang ST, Roxy LSL. Significance of absent or reversed end diastolic flow in Doppler umbilical artery waveforms. J Ultrasound Med 1987; 6: 291-97.
47. Beattie RB, Dornan TC. Antenatal screening for intrauterine growth retardation with umbilical artery Doppler ultrasonography. B Med J 1989; 298: 631.
48. Low JA. The current status of maternal and fetal blood flow velocimetry. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1991; 164: 1049-63.
49. Johnstone FD, Prescott R, Hoskins P, Greer IA, McGlew T, Compton M. The effect of introduction of umbilical Doppler recordings to obstetric practice. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1993; 100: 733-41.
50. Weiner CP. The relationship between umbilical artery systolic/diastolic ratio and umbilical blood gas measurement in specimens obtained by cordocentesis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1990; 162: 1198-202
51. Ferrazzi E, Pardi G, Bauscaglia M, Marconi AM, Gementi B, Bellotti M. The correlation of biochemical monitoring versus umbilical velocity measurements of the human fetus. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1988; 159; 1081-87.
52. Nicolaides KH, Bilardo CM, Soothill PW, Campbell S. Absence of end diastolic frequencies in umbilical artery: a sign of fetal hypoxia and acidosis. Br Med J 1988; 297: 1026-27.
53. Tyrell S, Obaid AH, Lilford RJ. Umbilical artery Doppler velocimetry as a predictor of fetal hypoxia and acidosis at birth. Obstet Gynecol 1989; 74: 332-36.
54. Bilardo CM, Nicolaides KH, Campbell S. Doppler measurements of fetal and uteroplacental circulations: relationship with umbilical venous blood gases measured at cordocentesis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1990; 162: 115-20.
55. Nicolini U, Nicolaidis P, Fisk NM, Vaughan JI, Fusi L, Gleeson R et al. Limited role of fetal blood sampling in prediction of outcome in intrauterine growth retardation. Lancet 1990; 336: 768-72.
56. Guyot BB, Benard BC, Blot PH, Martineaud JP. Relationship between umbilical and fetal cerebral blood flow velocity waveforms and umbilical venous blood gases. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 1992; 2: 18-22.
57. Vintzileos AM, Gaffney SE, Salinger LM, Campbell WA, Nochimson DJ. The relationship of fetal biophysical profile score and cord pH in patients undergoing cesarean section before the onset of labor. Obstet Gynecol 1987; 70: 196-201.
58. Vintzileos AM, Campbell WA, Rodis JF, McLean DA, Fleming AD, Scorza WE. The relationship between fetal biophysical profile assessment, umbilical artery velocimetry and fetal acidosis. Obstet Gynecol 1991; 77: 622-26.
59. Yoon BS, Syn HC, Kimn SW. The efficacy of Doppler umbilical artery velocimetry in identifying fetal acidosis: a comparison with fetal biophysical profile score. J Ultrasound Med 1992; 11: 1-6.
60. Mari G, Moise JK, Deter RL, Kirshon B, Carpenter RJ, Huhta JC et al. Doppler assessment of the pulsatility index in the cerebral circulation of the human fetus. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1989; 160: 698-703.
61. Mari G, Moise JK, Kirshon B, Carpenter RJ, Detar RL. Doppler assessment of renal blood flow in the normal human fetus. Proc SPO New Orleans 1989 (abstract).
62. Mari G, Abuhamad AZ, Uerpairojkit B, Martinez E, Copel JA et al. Blood flow velocity waveforms of the abdominal arteries in appropriate and small for gestational age fetuses. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 1995; 6: 15-18.
63. Chaoui R. The fetal "heart sparing" effect detected by assessment of coronary blood flow: a further sign of ominous fetal compromise. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 1996; 7: 5-8.
64. Stanley JR, Veille JC, Zaccaro D. Description of right pulmonary artery blood flow by Doppler echocardiography in the normal human fetus from 17 to 40 weeks of gestation. J Matern Fetal Invest 1994; 5: 14.
65. Johnson JM, Lange IR, Harman CR, Manning FA. Biophysical profile scoring in the management of the diabetic pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 1988; 72: 841-46.
66. Girz BA, Divon MY, Merkatz IR. Sudden fetal death in women with well-controlled intensively monitored gestational diabetes. J Perinatol 1992; 12: 229-33.
67. Vintzileos AM, Campbell WA, Nochimson D, Conolly ME, Fuenfer MM, Hoehn GJ. The fetal biophysical profile in patients with premature rupture of membranes. An early predictor of fetal infection. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1985; 152: 510-16
68. Goldstein I, Romero R, Merrill S, Wan M, O'Connor TZ, Mazor M et al. Fetal body and breathing movements as predictors of intra-amniotic infection in preterm premature rupture of membranes. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1988; 159: 363-68.
69. Carroll SG, Papaiannou S, Nicolaides KH. Assessment of fetal activity and amniotic fluid volume in the prediction of intrauterine infection in preterm prelabor amniorrhexis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1995; 175: 1427-35.
70. Gauthier DW, Meyer WJ, Bieniarz A. Biophysical profile as a predictor of amniotic fluid culture results. Obstet Gynecol 1992; 80: 102-105.
71. Del Valle, GO, Joffe GM, Izquierdo LA, Smith JF, Gilson GJ, Curet LB. The biophysical profile and the nonstress test: poor predictors of chorioamnionitis and fetal infection in prolonged preterm premature rupture of membranes. Obstet Gynecol 1992; 80: 105-10.