Classification and staging of dementia of the Alzheimer type: A comparison between neural networks and linear discriminant analysis

Archives of Neurology

Volumn 54, Issue 8, 1997, Pages 1001-1009

  French, Bonnie M ^a,b   Dawson, Michael R W ^b   Dobbs, Allen R ^a  

^a Department of Psychology   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; ALZHEIMER DISEASE; ARTICLE; ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIAGNOSTIC VALUE; DISCRIMINANT ANALYSIS; DISEASE CLASSIFICATION; FEMALE; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; STAGING;

EID: 0030843829     PISSN: 00039942     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1001/archneur.1997.00550200057011     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. Eslinger PJ, Damasio AR, Benton AL, Van Allen M. Neuropsychological detection of abnormal mental decline in older persons. JAMA. 1985;253:670-674.
2. Locascio JJ, Growdon JH, Corkin S. Cognitive test performance in detecting, staging, and tracking Alzheimer's disease. Arch Neurol. 1995;52:1087-1099.
3. Hill RD, Storandt M, LaBarge E. Psychometric discrimination of moderate senile dementia of the Alzheimer type. Arch Neurol. 1992;49:377-380.
4. Sabe L, Jason L, Juejat M, Leiguarda R, Starjsteub S. Sensitivity and specificity of the Mini-Mental State Exam in the diagnosis of dementia. Behav Neurol. 1993;6:207-210.
5. Storandt M, Botwinick J, Danzinger WL, Berg L, Hughes CP. Psychometric differentiation of mild senile dementia of the Alzheimer type. Arch Neurol. 1984;41:497-499.
6. Storandt M, Hill RD. Very mild senile dementia of the Alzheimer type II: psychometric test performance. Arch Neurol. 1989;46:383-386.
7. Tierny MC, Snow WG, Reid DW, Zorzitto ML, Fisher RH. Psychometric discrimination of dementia replication and extension of findings of Storandt and coworkers. Arch Neurol. 1987;44:720-722.
8. Wells JC, Keyl PM, Chase GA, Aboraya A, Folstein M, Anthony JC. Discriminant validity of a reduced set of Mini-Mental State Examination items for dementia and Alzheimer disease. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1992;86:23-31.
9. Welsh KA, Butters N, Hughes JP, Mohs RC, Heyman A. Detection of abnormal memory decline in mild cases of Alzheimer's disease using CERAD neuropsychological measures. Arch Neurol. 1991;48:278-281.
10. Welsh KA, Butters N, Hughes JP, Mohs RC, Heyman A. Detection and staging of dementia in Alzheimer's disease. Arch Neurol. 1992;49:448-452.
11. Grady CL, Haxby JV, Horwitz B, et al. Longitudinal study of the early neuropsychological and cerebral metabolic changes in dementia of the Alzheimer type. J Clin Exp Psychol. 1988;10:576-596.
12. Moss MB, Albert MS. Alzheimer's disease and other dementing disorders. In: Albert MS, Moss MB, eds. Geriatric Neuropsychology. New York, NY: Guilford Press; 1988:145-178.
13. Knopman DS, Ryberg S. A verbal memory test with high predictive accuracy for dementia of the Alzheimer type. Arch Neurol. 1989;46:141-145.
14. Masur DM, Fuld PA, Blau AD, Crystal H, Aronson MK. Predicting development of dementia in the elderly with the selective reminding test. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 1990;12:529-538.
15. Katzman R, Aronson M, Fuld P, et al. Development of dementing illness in an 80 year old volunteer cohort. Ann Neurol. 1990;25:317-324.
16. Pao YH. Adaptive Pattern Recognition and Neural Networks. Reading, Mass: Addison-Wesley Publishing Co Inc; 1989.
17. Dawson MRW, Dobbs AR, Hooper HR, McEwan AJB, Triscott J, Cooney J. Artificial neural networks that use single photon emission tomography to identify patients with probable Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Nucl Med. 1994;21:1303-1311.
18. McClelland JL, Rumelhart DE, Hinton GE. The appeal of parallel distributed processing. In: Rumelhart DE, McClelland JL, the PDP Research Group, eds. Parallel Distributed Processing Explorations in the Microstructure of Cognition. Volume 1: Foundations. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press; 1986:3-44.
19. Smolensky P. On the proper treatment of connectionism. Behav Brain Sci. 1988;11:1-74.
20. Rumelhart DE, Hinton GE, Williams RJ. Learning internal representations by error propagation. In: Rumelhart DE, McLelland JL, the PDP Research Group, eds. Parallel Distributed Processing Explorations in the Microstructure of Cognition. Volume 1: Foundations. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press; 1986:77-109.
21. McKhann G, Drachman D, Folstein M, Katzman R, Price D, Statian EM. Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: report of the NINCDS-ADRDA Work Group under the auspices of the Department of Health and Human Resources Task Force on Alzheimer's disease. Neurology. 1984;34:939-944.
22. Roth M, Huppert TA, Tym E, Mountjoy CQ. The Cambridge Examination for Mental Disorders of the Elderly. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press; 1988.
23. Albert MS, Moss MB. Geriatric Neuropsychology. New York, NY: Guilford Press; 1988.
24. Bayles KA, Kazniak AW. Communication and Cognition in Normal Aging and Dementia. Boston, Mass: Little Brown & Co Inc; 1987.
25. Cummings JL, Benson DF. Dementia: A Clinical Approach. 2nd ed. Boston, Mass: Butterworth-Heinemann; 1992.
26. Dobbs AR, Rule BG. Adult age differences in working memory. Psychol Aging. 1989;4:500-503.
27. Milner B. Some cognitive effects of frontal-lobe lesions in man. In: Broadbent DE, Weiskrantz L, eds. The Neuropsychology of Cognitive Function. London, England: Royal Society; 1982:211-226.
28. Scheffé H. A method for judging contrasts in analysis of variance. Biometrica. 1953;40:87-104.
29. Dillon WR, Goldstein M. Multivariate Analysis. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons; 1984:360-417.
30. SPSS for Windows: Advanced Statistics, Release 6.0. Chicago, III: SPSS Inc; 1993.
31. Dawson MRW, Schopflocher DP. Modifying the generalized delta rule to train networks of nonmonotonic processors for pattern classification. Connection Sci. 1992;4:19-31.
32. Dawson MRW, Schopflocher DP, Kidd J, Shamanski KS. Training networks of value units. In: Glashow J, Hadley R, eds. Proceedings of the Ninth Canadian Conference on Artificial Intelligence. Palo Alto, Calif: Morgan Kaufman; 1992:244-250.
33. Medler DA, Dawson MRW. Training redundant artificial neural networks: impossible biology on technology. Psychol Res. 1994;57:54-62.
34. Berkley IS, Dawson MRW, Medler DA, Schopflocher DP, Hornsby L. Density plots of hidden value unit activations reveal interpretable bands. Connection Sci. 1995;7:167-186.
35. Cohen J. Weighted kappa: nominal scale agreement with provision for scaled disagreement or partial credit. Psychol Bull. 1968;70:213-220.
36. Cohen J. A coefficient of agreement for nominal scales. Educ Psychol Measurement. 1960;20:37-46.
37. Fleiss JL, Cohen JI, Everitt BS. Large sample standard errors of kappa and weighted kappa. Psychol Bull. 1969;72:323-327.
38. Morris JC, Mohs RC, Rogers H, Filenbaum G, Heyman A. Consortium to establish a registry for Alzheimer's disease (CERAD): clinical and neuropsychological assessment of Alzheimer's disease. Psychopharmacol Bull. 1988;24:641-644.
39. Armstrong RA, Myers D. Principal components analysis of Alzheimer's disease based on neuropathological data: a study of 79 patients. Neurosci Res Commun. 1992;11:1-9.
40. Armstrong RA, Wood L. The identification of pathological subtypes of Alzheimer's disease using cluster analysts. Acta Neuropathol. 1994;88:60-66.
41. Bondareff W, Mountjoy CQ, Wischik CM, Hauser DL, LaBree LD, Roth M. Evidence of subtypes of Alzheimer's disease and implications for etiology. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1993;50:350-355.
42. Chui HC, Teng EL, Henderson VW, Moy AC. Clinical subtypes of dementia of the Alzheimer type. Neurology. 1985;35:1544-1550.
43. Gottfries CG. Clinical classification of dementias. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 1995;21:1-11.
44. Green J, Morris JC, Sandson J, et al. Progressive aphasia: a precursor of global dementia? Neurology. 1990;40:423-429.
45. Hauser WA, Morris ML, Heston LL, Anderson VE. Seizures and myoclonus in patients with Alzheimer's disease. 1986;36:1226-1230.
46. Maueux R, Stern Y, Spanton S. Heterogeneity in dementia of the Alzheimer type: evidence of subgroups. Neurology. 1985;35:453-461.
47. Whitehouse PJ. Dementia. Philadelphia, Pa: FA Davis Co; 1993.
48. Hinton GE, McClelland JL, Rumelhart DE. Distributed representations. In: Rumelhart DE, McClelland JL, the PDP Research Group, eds. Parallel Distributed Processing Explorations in the Microstructure of Cognition. Volume 1: Foundations. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press; 1986:77-109.