Prognostic significance of apoptosis related proteins bcl-2 and bax in node-negative breast cancer patients

Anticancer Research

Volumn 17, Issue 4 A, 1997, Pages 2499-2505

  Kapranos, Nikiforos ^a,d   Karaiosifidi, Helen ^b   Valavanis, Christos ^c   Kouri, Efi ^b   Vasilaros, Stamatis ^b  

^a HYGEIA HOSPITAL   (Greece)

^b HELENA VENIZELOU HOSPITAL   (Greece)

^c UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS   (United States)

^d NONE   (Greece)

Author keywords

Apoptosis; Bax; Bcl 2; Breast cancer; Node negative

Indexed keywords

PROTEIN BAX; PROTEIN BCL 2;

ADULT; AGED; APOPTOSIS; ARTICLE; BREAST CANCER; BREAST CARCINOMA; CANCER GRADING; CANCER SURVIVAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; HUMAN; HUMAN TISSUE; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; METASTASIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROGNOSIS; PROTEIN EXPRESSION;

ADULT; APOPTOSIS; BCL-2-ASSOCIATED X PROTEIN; BREAST NEOPLASMS; DISEASE-FREE SURVIVAL; FEMALE; HUMANS; IMMUNOENZYME TECHNIQUES; LYMPHATIC METASTASIS; MIDDLE AGED; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT (HEALTH CARE); PROGNOSIS; PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEINS; PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEINS C-BCL-2; RECURRENCE;

EID: 0030843744     PISSN: 02507005     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. Gluksann A: Cell death in normal vertebrate ontogeny. Biol Rev 26: 59-86, 1951.
2. Saunders JWJr: Death in embryonic systems. Science 154: 604-612, 1966.
3. Schwartz LM and Osborne B.A. Programmed cell death, apoptosis and killer genes. Immunology Today 14: 582-590, 1993.
4. Schwartz L.M. The faces of death. Cell Death and Differentiation 2: 83-85, 1995.
5. Clarke PGH: Developmental cell death: morphological diversity and multiple mechanisms. Anat Embryol 181: 195-213, 1990.
6. Duvall E and Wyllie AH: Death and the cell. Immunology Today 7: 115-119, 1986.
7. Diller L, Kassel J, Nelson CE, Gryka MA, Litwak G, Gebhardt M, Bressac B, Ozturk M, Baker SJ, Vogelstein B: p53 functions as a cycle control protein in osteosarcomas. Molec Cell Biol 10: 5772-5781, 1990.
8. Kontogeorgos G, Kovacks K: Apoptosis in endocrine glands. Endocrine Pathology 6: 257-265, 1995.
9. Williams GT: Programmed cell death. Apoptosis and oncogenesis. Cell 65: 1097-1098, 1991.
10. Lowe SW, Ruley EH, Jacks T, Housman DE: p53 dependent apoptosis modulates cytotoxicity of anticancer agents. Cell 74: 957-967, 1993.
11. Nossai GJV: Negative selection of lymphocytes. Cell 76: 229-239, 1994.
12. Umansky SR: The genetic program of cell death. Hypothesis and some applications: transformation, carcinogenesis, ageing. J Theor Biol 97: 591-602, 1982.
13. Krajewski S, Tanaka S, Takayama S, Schibler MJ, Fenton W, Reed JC: Investigation of the subcellular distribution of the Bcl-2 oncoprotein: residence in the nuclear envelope, endoplasmic reticulum, and the outer mitochondrial membranes. Cancer Res 53: 4701-4714, 1993.
14. Tsujimoto Y and Croce C.M:Analysis of the structure, transcripts and protein products of bcl-2, the gene involved in human follicular lymphoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83: 5214-5218, 1986.
15. Bhargava V, Kell DL, van de Rijn M, Warnke RA: Bcl-2 immunoreactivity in breast carcinoma correlates with hormone receptor positivity. Am J Pathol 145: 535-540, 1994.
16. Pezzela F, Turley H, Kuzu I, Tunkegar MF, Dunnil MS, Pierce CB, Harris A, Gatter KC, Mason DY: Bcl-2 protein in non-small cell lung carcinoma. N Engl J Med, 329: 690-694, 1993.
17. McDonnell TJ, Tronosco P, Brisbay SM, Logothetis C, Chung LWK, Hsieh JT, Tu SM, and Campbell ML: Expression of the protooncogene bcl-2 in the prostate and its association with emergence of androgen-independent prostate cancer. Cancer Res 52: 6940-6944, 1992.
18. Lu QL, Lucas S, Thomas JA: Bcl-2 protooncogene expression in Epstein-Barr-virus associated nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Int J Cancer 53: 29-35, 1993.
19. Reed J, Meister L, Geyer C, Pleasure D: Differential expression of the bcl-2 proto-oncogene in neuroblastomas and other human neural tumors. Cancer Res 51: 6529-6538, 1991.
20. Lu Q-L, Poulsom R, Wong L, Hanby AM: BCL-2 expression in adult and embryonic non-haematopoietic tissues. J Pathol 769: 431-437, 1993.
21. Korsmeyer SJ: Regulators of cell death. Trends in Genetics 11: 101-105, 1995.
22. Nunez G, London L, Hockenbery D, Alexander M, McKearn JP, Korsmeyer SJ: Deregulated bcl-2 gene expression selectively prolongs survival of growth factor-deprived hemopoietic cell lines. J Immunol 144:3602-3610, 1990.
23. Garcia I, Martinou I, Tsujimoto Y, Martinou JC: Prevention of programmed cell death of sympathetic neurons by the bcl-2 protooncogene. Science 255; 302-304, 992.
24. Reed J. Bcl-2 and the regulation of programmed cell death. J Cell Biol 124: 1-6, 1994.
25. Sentman CL, Shutter JR, Hockenbery D, Kanagawa O, Korsmeyer SJ: Bcl-2 inhibits multiple forms of apoptosis but not negative selection in thymocytes. Cell 67: 879-888, 1991.
26. Veis DJ, Sorenson CM, Shutter JR, Korsmeyer SJ: Bcl-2-deficient mice demonstrate fulminant lymphoid apoptosis, polycystic kidneys and hypopigmented hair. Cell 75: 229-240, 1993.
27. Boise LH, Gonzalez-Garcia M, Posteme CE, Ding L, Lindsten T, Turka LA, Mao X, Nunez G, Thompson CB: bcl-x, a bcl-2-related gene that functions as a dominant regulator of apoptotic cell death. Cell 74: 597-608, 1993.
28. L, and Bcl-2, displaces Bax and promotes cell death. Cell 80: 285-291, 1995.
29. Kozopas KM, Yang T, Buchan HL, Zhou P, Craig RW: MCL-1, a gene expressed in programmed myeloid cell differentiation, has sequence similarity to BCL-2. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90:3516-3520, 1993.
30. Oltvai G, Milliman C, Korsmeyer S: Bcl-2 heterodimerizes in vivo with a conserved homolog, Bax, that accelerates programmed cell death. Cell 74: 609-619, 1993.
31. Chittenden T, Harrington EA, O'Connor R, Flemmington C, Lutz RJ, Evan GI, Guild BC: Induction of apoptosis by the bcl-2 homologue Bak. Nature 374: 733-736, 1995.
32. Yin XM, Oltvai ZN, Korsmeyer SJ: BH1 and BH2 domains of bcl-2 are required for inhibition of apoptosis and heterodimerization with Bax. Nature 369: 321-333, 1994.
33. Sato T, Hanada M, Bodrug S, Irie S, Iwama N, Boise LH, Thompson CB, Golemis E, Fong L, Wang H-G, Reed JC: Interactions of members of Bcl-2 protein family analyzed with a yeast two-hybrid system. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91: 9238-9242, 1994.
34. Silvestrini R, Veneroni S, Daidone GM, Benini E, Boracchi P, Mezzeti M, Di Fronzo G, Rilke F, Veronesi U: The bcl-2 protein: a prognostic indicator strongly related to p53 protein in lymph node negative breast cancer patients. J Natl Cancer Inst 86: 499-504, 1994.
35. Joensuu H, Pylkkänen L, Toikkanen S: Bcl-2 protein expression and long-term survival in breast cancer. Am J Pathol 145: 1191-1198, 1994.
36. Hellemans P, van Dam PA, Weyler J, van Oosterom AT, Buytaert P, van Marck E: Prognostic value of bcl-2 expression in invasive breast cancer. Br J Cancer 72: 354-360, 1995.
37. Krajewski S, Blomqvist C, Franssila K., Krejewska M, Wascnius VM, Niskanen E: Reduced expression of proapoptotic gene BAX is associated with poor response rates to combination chemotherapy and shorter survival in women with metastatic breast adenocarcinoma. Cancer Res 55: 4471-4478, 1995.
38. Wong WW, Vijayakumar S: Prognostic indicators in node-negative early stage breast cancer. Am J Med 92: 539-548, 1992.
39. Carter CL, Allen, C, Henson DE; Relation of tumor size, lymph node status, and survival in 24,720 breast cancer cases. Cancer 63: 181-187, 1989.
40. McGuire WL: Adjuvant therapy of node-negative breast cancer. N Engl J Med 320: 525-527, 1989.
41. McGuire WL, Tandon AK, Allred DC, Chamness GC, Ravdin PM, Clark GM: Prognosis and treatment decisions in patients with breast cancer without axillary node involvement. Cancer 70: 1775-1781, 1992.
42. Gasparini G, Pozza F, Harris AL: Evaluating the potential usefulness of new prognostic and predictive indicators in node-negative breast cancer patients. J Natl Cancer Inst 85: 1206-1219, 1993.
43. Lipponen P, Pietilainen T, Kosma VM, Aaltonaa S, Eskelinen M, Syrjanen K: Apoptosis suppressing protein bcl-2 is expressed in well-differentiated breast carcinomas with favorable prognosis. J Pathol 177: 49-55, 1995.
44. Hockenbery DM, Oltvai ZN, Yin XM, Milliman CL, Korsmeyer SJ: Bcl-2 functions in an antioxidant pathway to prevent apoptosis. Cell 75: 241-251, 1993.
45. Oltvai ZN, Korsmeyer SJ: Checkpoints of dueling dimers foil death wishes. Cell 79: 189-192, 1994.
46. Krajewski S, Krajewska M, Shabaik A, Toshiyuki M, Wang HG, Reed JC: Immunohistochemical determination of in vivo distribution of Bax, a dominant inhibitor of Bcl-2. Am J Pathol 145: 1323-1336, 1994.
47. Bargou RC, Daniel FT, Mapara MY, Bommert K, Wagener C, Kallinich B, Royer HD, Doerken B: Expression of the bcl-2 gene family in normal and malignant breast tissue: low bax expression in tumor cells correlates with resistant toward apoptosis. Int J Cancer 60: 854-859, 1995.
48. Wärri AM, Huivonen RL, Laine AM, Martikainen PM, Härkonen PL: Apoptosis in toremifene-induced growth inhibition of human breast cancer cell in vivo and in vitro. J Natl Cancer Inst 85: 1412-1418, 1993.