Helicopter emergency medical services: Their role in integrated trauma care

Australian and New Zealand Journal of Surgery

Volumn 67, Issue 9, 1997, Pages 593-598

  Zalstein, Salomon ^a   Cameron, Peter A ^a  

^a ROYAL MELBOURNE HOSPITAL   (Australia)

Author keywords

Ambulance; Helicopter; Pre hospital; Trauma

Indexed keywords

AMBULANCE; EMERGENCY HEALTH SERVICE; HELICOPTER; LONG TERM CARE; MEDICAL STAFF; OUTCOMES RESEARCH; PATIENT TRANSPORT; REVIEW; TRAUMATOLOGY;

EID: 0030841607     PISSN: 00048682     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1445-2197.1997.tb04604.x     Document Type: Review

References (56)

1. West JG, Trunkey DD, Lim RC. Systems of trauma care. Arch. Surg. 1979; 114: 455-60.
2. West JG, Cales RH, Gazzingam AB. Impact of regionalisation. Arch. Surg. 1983; 118: 740-4.
3. Boyd CR, Toison MA, Copes WS. Evaluating trauma care: The TRISS method. J. Trauma 1987; 27: 370-8.
4. Shackford SR, Mackersie RC, Hoyt DB et al. Impact of a trauma system on outcome of severely injured patients. Arch. Surg. 1987; 122: 523-7.
5. Kane G, Wheeler NC, Cook S et al. Impact of the Los Angeles County trauma system on the survival of seriously injured patients. J. Trauma 1992; 32: 576-83.
6. Baker SP, O'Neill B, Haddon W, Long WB. The injury severity score: A method for describing patients with multiple injuries and evaluating emergency care. J. Trauma 1974; 14: 187-96.
7. Champion HR, Copes WS, Sacco WJ, Lawnick MM, Keast SC, Frey CF. The Major Trauma Outcome Study: Establishing national norms for trauma care. J. Trauma 1990; 30: 1356-65.
8. Stone JL, Lovve RJ, Jonasson O et al. Acute subdural haematoma: Direct admission to a trauma center yields improved results. J. Trauma 1986; 26: 445-50.
9. Dean SA, Gaudry PL, Woods P et al. The management of injuries: A review of deaths in hospital. Anst. N.Z. J. Surg. 1988; 58: 463-9.
10. Cameron P, Dziukas L, Hadj A. Victorian Major Trauma Study II. Melbourne: Victorian Traffic Accident Commission, 1996.
11. McDermott FT, Cordner SM, Tremayne AB, Consultative Committee on Road Traffic Fatalities in Victoria. Evaluation of the medical management and preventability of death in 137 road traffic fatalities in Victoria, Australia: An overview. J. Trauma 1996; 40: 520-35.
12. McDermott FT, Cordner SM, Tremayne AB. Report of the Consultative Committee on Road Traffic Fatalities. Evaluation of the emergency and clinical management of road traffic fatalities in Victoria. Recommendations to counter problems identified. Melbourne: (joint publishers) Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine, Department of Forensic Medicine, Monash University, and the Australasian College of Surgeons, 1996.
13. Eastman AB, Lewis FR, Champion HR, Mattox KL. Regional trauma system design: Critical concepts. Am. J. Surg. 1987; 154: 79-87.
14. Boyd DR, Cowley RA. Comprehensive regional trauma/emergency medical services (EMS) delivery systems: The United States experience. World J. Surg. 1983; 7: 149-57.
15. Natioal Road Trauma Advisory Council. Report of the Working Party on Trauma Systems, 1993. Commonwealth (of Australia) Department of Health, Housing, Local Government and Community Services. Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service.
16. Trunkey DD. Is ALS necessary for pre-hospital trauma care? (Editorial) J. Trauma 1984; 24: 86-7.
17. Jones SE, Brenneis AT. Study design in prehospital trauma advanced life support-basic life support research: A critical review. Ann. Emerg. Med. 1991; 20: 857-60.
18. Jacobs LM, Sinclair A, Beiser A, D'Agostino RB. Prehospital advanced life support: Benefits in trauma. J. Trauma 1984; 24: 8-13.
19. Murphy JG, Cayten CG, Stahl WM, Classer M. Dual response runs in prehospital trauma care. J. Trauma 1993; 35: 356-62.
20. Cwinn AA, Pons PT, Moore EE, Marx JA, Honigman B, Dinerman N. Prehospital advanced trauma life support for critical blunt trauma victims. Ann. Emerg. Med. 1987; 16: 399-403.
21. Honigman B, Rohweder K, Moore EE, Lowenstein SR, Pons PT. Prehospital advanced trauma life support for penetrating cardiac wounds. Ann. Emerg. Med. 1990; 19: 145-50.
22. Sampalis JS, Lavoie A, Williams JI, Mulder DS, Kaiina M. Standardized mortality ratio analysis on a sample of severely injured patients from a large Canadian city without regionalised trauma care. J. Trauma 1992; 33: 205-12.
23. Sampalis JS, Lavoie A, Williams JI, Mulder DS, Kaiina M. Impact of on-site care, prehospital time, and level of inhospital care on survival in severely injured patients. J. Trauma 1993; 34: 252-61.
24. Potter D, Goldstein G, Fung SC, Selig M. A controlled trial of prehospital advanced life support in trauma. Ann. Emerg. Med. 1988; 17: 582-8.
25. Cayten CG, Murphy JG, Stahl WM. Basic life support versus advanced life support for injured patients with an injury severity score of 10 or more. J. Trauma 1993; 35: 460-7.
26. Feero S, Hedges JR, Simmons E, Irwin L. Does out-of-hospital EMS time affect trauma survival? Am. J. Emerg. Med. 1995; 13: 133-5.
27. Kowalenko T, Stern S, Dronen S, Wang X. Improved outcome with hypotensive resuscitation of uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock in a swine model. J. Trauma 1992; 33: 349-53.
28. Ivatury RR, Nallathambi MN, Roberge RJ, Rohman M, Stahl W. Penetrating thoracic injuries: In-field stabilization vs. prompt transport. J. Trauma 1987; 27: 1066-73.
29. Bickeli WH, Wall MJ Jr, Pepe PE el al. Immediate versus delayed fluid resuscitation for hypotensive patients with penetrating torso injuries. N. Engl. J. Med. 1994; 331: 1105-9.
30. Baxt WGj Moody P. The impact of a rotorcraft aeromedical emergency care service on trauma mortality. JAMA 1983; 249: 3047-51.
31. Baxt WG, Moody P, Cleveland HC et al. Hospital-based rotorcraft aeromedical emergency care services and trauma mortality: A multicentre study. Ann. Emerg. Med. 1985; 14: 859-64.
32. Baxt WG, Moody P. The impact of advanced prehospital emergency care on the mortality of severely brain-injured patients. J. Trauma 1987; 27: 365-8.
33. Urdaneta LF, Miller BK, Ringberg BJ, Cram AE, Scott DH. Role of an emergency helicopter transport service in rural trauma. Arch. Surg. 1987; 122: 992-6.
34. Moylan JA, Fitzpatrick KT, Beyer JA III, Georgiade GS. Factors improving survival in multisystem trauma patients. Ann. Surg. 1988; 207: 679-85.
35. Boyd CR, Corse KM, Campbell RC. Emergency interhospital transport of the major trauma patient: Air versus ground. J. Trauma 1989; 29: 789-94.
36. Wright SW, Dronen SC, Combs TJ, Storer D. Aeromedical transport of patients with post-traumatic cardiac arrest. Ann. Emerg. Med. 1989; 18: 721-6.
37. Schiller WR, Knox R, Zinnecker H et al. Effect of helicopter transport of trauma victims on survival in an urban trauma center. J. Trauma 1988; 28: 1127-34.
38. Cameron PA, Flett K, Kaan E, Atkin C, Dziukas L. Helicopter retrieval of primary trauma patients by a paramedic helicopter service. Aust. N.Z. J. Surg. 1993; 63: 790-7.
39. Nicholl JP, Beeby NR, Brazier JE. A comparison of the costs and performance of an emergency helicopter and land ambulances in a rural area. Injury 1994; 25: 145-53.
40. Nicholl JP, Brazier JE, Snooks HA. Effects of London Helicopter Emergency Medical Service on survival after trauma. BMJ 1995; 311: 217-22.
41. Greengross P. Effects of helicopter service on survival after trauma. Service is part of a continuum of care (Letter). BMJ 1995; 311: 1164-5.
42. Maclean AD, Kirk CJ, Coats TJ, Cross FW. Effects of helicopter service on survival after trauma. Design of study predisposed to type II error (Letter). BMJ 1995; 311: 1165-6.
43. Rhee KJ, Strozeski M, Burney RE, Mackenzie JR, LaGrecaReibling K. Is the flight physician needed for helicopter emergency medical services? Ann. Emerg. Med. 1986; 15: 174-7.
44. Snow N, Hull C, Severns J. Physican presence on a helicopter emergency medical service: Necessary or desirable? Aviat. Space Environ. Med. 1986; 57: 1176-8.
45. Baxt WG, Moody P. The impact of a physician as part of the aeromedical prehospital team in patients with blunt trauma. JAMA 1987; 257: 3246-50.
46. Andersen TE, Rose WD, Leicht MJ. Physician-staffed helicopter scene response from a rural trauma centre. Ann. Emerg. Med. 1987; 16: 58-61.
47. Hamman BL, Cue JI, Miller FB et al. Helicopter transport of trauma victims: Does a physician make a difference? J. Trauma 1991; 31: 490-4.
48. Burney RE, Passini L, Hubert D, Maio R. Comparison of aeromedical crew performance by patient severity and outcome. Ann. Emerg. Med. 1992; 21: 375-8.
49. Burney RE, Hubert D, Passini L, Maio R. Variation in air medical outcomes by crew composition: A two-year followup. Ann. Emerg. Med. 1995; 25: 187-92.
50. Dalton AM, Botha A, Coats T et al. Helicopter doctors? Injury 1992; 23: 249-50.
51. Rhee KJ, Holmes EM III, Moecke HP, Thomas FO. A comparison of emergency medical helicopter accident rates in the United States and the Federal Republic of Germany. Aviat. Space Environ. Med. 1990; 61: 750-2
52. Low RB, Dunne MJ, Blumen IJ, Tagney G. Factors associated with the safety of EMS helicopters. Am. J. Emerg. Med. 1991; 9: 103-6.
53. Conroy C, Russell JC, Grouse WE, Bender TR, Holl JA. Fatal occupational injury related to helicopters in the United States 1980-1985. Aviat. Space Environ. Med. 1992; 63: 67-71.
54. Steinburn RN. Preventing and controlling inadvertent IFR. Air Med. J. 1993; 12: 315-18.
55. Champion HR. Helicopters in emergency trauma care (Editorial). JAMA 1983; 249: 3074-5.
56. Moylan JA. Impact of helicopters on trauma care and clinical results. Ann. Surg. 1988; 208: 673-8.