End-tidal carbon dioxide and outcome of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest

New England Journal of Medicine

Volumn 337, Issue 5, 1997, Pages 301-306

  Levine, Robert L ^a   Wayne, Marvin A ^c,d   Miller, Charles C ^b  

^a Divisions Pulmon Critical Care E ^*  (United States)

^b BAYLOR COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^c City Bellingham Emergency Med Serv   (United States)

^d Emergency Medical Services   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; END TIDAL CARBON DIOXIDE TENSION; HEART ARREST; HUMAN; INTUBATION; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROSPECTIVE STUDY; RESUSCITATION; SCREENING TEST; SURVIVAL; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

ADULT; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; CAPNOGRAPHY; CARBON DIOXIDE; CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION; ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY; HEART ARREST; HUMANS; MIDDLE AGED; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT (HEALTH CARE); PREDICTIVE VALUE OF TESTS; PROGNOSIS; PROSPECTIVE STUDIES; PULSE; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; SURVIVORS;

EID: 0030840960     PISSN: 00284793     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1056/NEJM199707313370503     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. Pantridge JF, Geddes JS. A mobile intensive-care unit in the management of myocardial infarction. Lancet 1967;2:271-3.
2. Eisenberg M, Bergner L, Hallstrom A. Paramedic programs and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. I. Factors associated with successful resuscitation. Am J Public Health 1979;69:30-8.
3. Becker LB, Ostrander MP, Barrett J, Kondos GT. Outcome of CPR in a large metropolitan area: where are the survivors? Ann Emerg Med 1991; 20:355-61.
4. Lombardi G, Gallagher J, Gennis P. Outcome of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in New York City: the Pre-Hospital Arrest Survival Evaluation (PHASE) Study. JAMA 1994;271:678-83.
5. Marwick TH, Case CC, Siskind V, Woodhouse SP. Prediction of survival from resuscitation: a prognostic index derived from multivariate logistic model analysis. Resuscitation 1991;22:129-37.
6. Pepe PE, Levine RL, Fromm RE Jr, Curka PA, Clark PS, Zachariah BS. Cardiac arrest presenting with rhythms other than ventricular fibrillation: contribution of resuscitative efforts toward total survivorship. Crit Care Med 1993;21:1838-43.
7. Wright D, Bannister J, Ryder M, Mackintosh AF. Resuscitation of patients with cardiac arrest by ambulance staff with extended training in West Yorkshire. BMJ 1990;301:600-2.
8. West JB. State of the art: ventilation-perfusion relationships. Am Rev Respir Dis 1977;116:919-43.
9. 2 measure changes in cardiac output? Anesth Analg 1991;73:808-14.
10. 2 quantitatively reflect changes in cardiac output? Anesth Analg 1994;79:829-33.
11. Garnett AR, Ornato JP, Gonzalez ER, Johnson EB. End-tidal carbon dioxide monitoring during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. JAMA 1987; 257:512-5.
12. Sanders AB, Kern KB, Otto CW, Milander MM, Ewy GA. End-tidal carbon dioxide monitoring during cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a prognostic indicator for survival. JAMA 1989;262:1347-51.
13. Callaham M, Barton C. Prediction of outcome of cardiopulmonary resuscitation from end-tidal carbon dioxide concentration. Crit Care Med 1990;18:358-62.
14. 2 detector in cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency intubation. J Clin Monit 1991;7:289-93.
15. Falk JL, Rackow EC, Weil MH. End-tidal carbon dioxide concentration during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. N Engl J Med 1988;318:607-11.
16. Essentials of ACLS. In: Cummins RO, ed. Textbook of advanced cardiac life support. Dallas: American Heart Association, 1994:1.1-1.77.
17. Kern KB, Sanders AB, Raife J, Milander MM, Otto CW, Ewy GA. A study of chest compression rates during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in humans: the importance of rate-directed chest compressions. Arch Intern Med 1992;152:145-9.
18. Wayne MA, Levine RL, Miller CC. Use of end-tidal carbon dioxide to predict outcome in prehospital cardiac arrest. Ann Emerg Med 1995;25: 762-7.
19. SAS/STAT user's guide, version 6.03 ed. Cary, N.C.: SAS Institute, 1988.
20. Hennekens CH, Buring JE. Epidemiology in medicine. Boston: Little, Brown, 1987:333.
21. Kellermann AL, Hackman BB, Somes G. Predicting the outcome of unsuccessful prehospital advanced cardiac life support. JAMA 1993;270: 1433-6.
22. Gray WA, Capone RJ, Most AS. Unsuccessful emergency medical resuscitation: are continued efforts in the emergency department justified? N Engl J Med 1991;325:1393-8.
23. Gray WA. Prehospital resuscitation: the good, the bad, and the futile. JAMA 1993;270:1471-2.
24. Idris AH, Staples ED, O'Brien DJ, et al. End-tidal carbon dioxide during extremely low cardiac output. Ann Emerg Med 1994;23:568-72.
25. Weil MH, Bisera J, Trevino RP, Rackow EC. Cardiac output and end-tidal carbon dioxide. Crit Care Med 1985;13:907-9.
26. 2 as an index of coronary perfusion pressure. Am J Emerg Med 1985;3:147-9.
27. 2 as a prognostic indicator of successful resuscitation from cardiac arrest. Ann Emerg Med 1985;14:948-52.
28. Dohi S, Takeshima R, Matsumiya N. Carbon dioxide elimination during circulatory arrest. Crit Care Med 1987;15:944-6.
29. 2 detector during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a canine model for pediatric cardiac arrest. Pediatr Emerg Care 1995;11:365-8.
30. Kern KB, Sanders AB, Voorhees WD, Babbs CF, Tacker WA, Ewy GA. Changes in expired end-tidal carbon dioxide during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in dogs: a prognostic guide for resuscitation efforts. J Am Coll Cardiol 1989;13:1184-9.
31. Asplin BR, White RD. Prognostic value of end-tidal carbon dioxide pressures during out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Ann Emerg Med 1995;25: 756-61.
32. Cantineau JP, Lambert Y, Merckx P, et al. End-tidal carbon dioxide during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in humans presenting mostly with asystole: a predictor of outcome. Crit Care Med 1996;24:791-6.
33. 2 monitoring on cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Anesthesiology 1992;77:Suppl:A1081. abstract.
34. Ornato JP, Gonzalez ER, Garnett AR, Levine RL, McClung BK. Effect of cardiopulmonary resuscitation compression rate on end-tidal carbon dioxide concentration and arterial pressure in man. Crit Care Med 1988; 16:241-5.
35. Guly UM, Robertson CE. Active decompression improves the haemodynamic state during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Br Heart J 1995;73: 372-6.
36. Cohen TJ, Tucker KJ, Lurie KG, et al. Active compression-decompression: a new method of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. JAMA 1992;267: 2916-23.
37. Cantineau JP, Merckx P, Lambert Y, Sorkine M, Bertrand C, Duvaldestin P. Effect of epinephrine on end-tidal carbon dioxide pressure during prehospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Am J Emerg Med 1994;12: 267-70.
38. Schwab TM, Callaham ML, Madsen CD, Utecht TA. A randomized clinical trial of active compression-decompression CPR vs standard CPR in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in two cities. JAMA 1995;273:1261-8.
39. Callaham M, Barton C, Matthay M. Effect of epinephrine on the ability of end-tidal carbon dioxide readings to predict initial resuscitation from cardiac arrest. Crit Care Med 1992;20:337-43.