메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 95, Issue 3, 1997, Pages 129-142

Typhoid fever: Continuing challenges from a resilient bacterial foe;La fievre typhoide: Defi continuel d'un adversaire bacterien resistant

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE; DIARRHEA; FOOD HANDLING; HAND WASHING; HYGIENE; INFECTION CONTROL; REVIEW; SALMONELLA TYPHI; SANITATION; TYPHOID FEVER; WATER MANAGEMENT; WATER SUPPLY;

EID: 0030839555     PISSN: 00202452     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0020-2452(97)81367-X     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (31)

References (100)
  • 1
    • 0342564225 scopus 로고
    • Typhoid fever
    • Osler, W. New York, D Appleton
    • Osler, W. (1982), Typhoid fever, in "The principles and practice of medicine" (Osler, W.) (pp. 2-43). New York, D Appleton.
    • (1982) The Principles and Practice of Medicine , pp. 2-43
    • Osler, W.1
  • 2
    • 0000362722 scopus 로고
    • Preliminary report on the beneficial effect of choloromycetin in the treatment of typhoid fever
    • Woodward, T.E., Smadel, J.E., Ley, H.L., Green, R. & Mankakan, D.S. (1948), Preliminary report on the beneficial effect of choloromycetin in the treatment of typhoid fever. Ann. Intern. Med., 29, 131-134.
    • (1948) Ann. Intern. Med. , vol.29 , pp. 131-134
    • Woodward, T.E.1    Smadel, J.E.2    Ley, H.L.3    Green, R.4    Mankakan, D.S.5
  • 3
    • 0028011031 scopus 로고
    • Multidrug-resistant typhoid fever in children: Epidemiology and therapeutic approach
    • Gupta, A. (1994), Multidrug-resistant typhoid fever in children: epidemiology and therapeutic approach. Pediatr. Infect. Dis., 13, 124-140.
    • (1994) Pediatr. Infect. Dis. , vol.13 , pp. 124-140
    • Gupta, A.1
  • 4
    • 0025945449 scopus 로고
    • Multidrug-resistant typhoid in children: Presentation and clinical features
    • Bhutta, Z.A., Naqvi, S.H., Razzaq, R.A. & Farooqui, B.J. (1991), Multidrug-resistant typhoid in children: presentation and clinical features. Rev. Infect. Dis., 13, 832-836.
    • (1991) Rev. Infect. Dis. , vol.13 , pp. 832-836
    • Bhutta, Z.A.1    Naqvi, S.H.2    Razzaq, R.A.3    Farooqui, B.J.4
  • 5
    • 0342998623 scopus 로고
    • Typhoid in the large cities of the United States in 1919
    • JAMA (1920), Typhoid in the large cities of the United States in 1919. JAMA, 672-675.
    • (1920) JAMA , pp. 672-675
  • 7
    • 0013331948 scopus 로고
    • Age and sex as factors in the development of the typhoid carrier state and a method of estimating carrier prelavence
    • Ames, W. & Robins, M. (1943), Age and sex as factors in the development of the typhoid carrier state and a method of estimating carrier prelavence. Am. J. Public Health, 33, 221-230.
    • (1943) Am. J. Public Health , vol.33 , pp. 221-230
    • Ames, W.1    Robins, M.2
  • 8
    • 0342564222 scopus 로고
    • The probable typhoid carrier incidence in Mississippi
    • Gray, A.L. (1938), The probable typhoid carrier incidence in Mississippi. Am. J. Publ. Health, 28, 1415-1419.
    • (1938) Am. J. Publ. Health , vol.28 , pp. 1415-1419
    • Gray, A.L.1
  • 9
    • 0022716168 scopus 로고
    • Summary of an international workshop on typhoid fever
    • Edelman, R. & Levine, M.M. (1986), Summary of an international workshop on typhoid fever. Rev. Infect. Dis., 8, 329-349.
    • (1986) Rev. Infect. Dis. , vol.8 , pp. 329-349
    • Edelman, R.1    Levine, M.M.2
  • 10
    • 84987972667 scopus 로고
    • Experimentelle untersuchunger zur frage der schutzimpfung des menschen gegen typhus abdominalis
    • Pfeiffer, R. & Kolle, W. (1896), Experimentelle Untersuchunger zur Frage der Schutzimpfung des Menschen gegen Typhus abdominalis. Dtsch. Med. Wocheschr., 22, 735-737.
    • (1896) Dtsch. Med. Wocheschr , vol.22 , pp. 735-737
    • Pfeiffer, R.1    Kolle, W.2
  • 11
    • 0001754792 scopus 로고
    • Remarks on vaccination against typhoid fever
    • Wright, A.E. & Semple, D. (1897), Remarks on vaccination against typhoid fever. Br. Med. J., 1, 256-258.
    • (1897) Br. Med. J. , vol.1 , pp. 256-258
    • Wright, A.E.1    Semple, D.2
  • 12
    • 0013866010 scopus 로고
    • Controlled field trial and laboratory studies on the effectiveness of typhoid vaccines in Poland 1961-64
    • Polish Typhoid Committee (1966), Controlled field trial and laboratory studies on the effectiveness of typhoid vaccines in Poland 1961-64. Bull. WHO, 34, 211-222.
    • (1966) Bull. WHO , vol.34 , pp. 211-222
  • 14
    • 0001600259 scopus 로고
    • A controlled field trial of the effectiveness of acetone-dried and inactivated and heat-phenol-inactivated typhoid vaccines in Yugoslavia
    • Yugoslav Typhoid Commission (1964), A controlled field trial of the effectiveness of acetone-dried and inactivated and heat-phenol-inactivated typhoid vaccines in Yugoslavia. Bull. WHO, 30, 623-630.
    • (1964) Bull. WHO , vol.30 , pp. 623-630
  • 15
    • 84965090232 scopus 로고
    • Resistance of shigella flexneri to tetracyclines, chloramphenicol and streptomycin
    • Olarte, J. & De la Torre, J.A. (1959), Resistance of Shigella flexneri to tetracyclines, chloramphenicol and streptomycin. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 8, 324-326.
    • (1959) Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. , vol.8 , pp. 324-326
    • Olarte, J.1    De la Torre, J.A.2
  • 16
    • 0014442881 scopus 로고
    • The R Factors
    • Mitsuhashi, S. (1969), The R factors. J. Infect. Dis., 119, 89-100.
    • (1969) J. Infect. Dis. , vol.119 , pp. 89-100
    • Mitsuhashi, S.1
  • 17
    • 0015873449 scopus 로고
    • Salmonella typhi resistant to chloramphenicol, ampicillin, and other antimicrobial agents : Strains isolated during an extensive typhoid fever epidemic in Mexico
    • Olarte, J. & Galindo, E. (1973), Salmonella typhi resistant to chloramphenicol, ampicillin, and other antimicrobial agents : strains isolated during an extensive typhoid fever epidemic in Mexico. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 4, 597-601.
    • (1973) Antimicrob. Agents Chemother , vol.4 , pp. 597-601
    • Olarte, J.1    Galindo, E.2
  • 19
    • 0342564216 scopus 로고
    • Emergencia de resistencia al cloranfenicol en salmonella typhi in vivo e in vitro en el curso de una epidemia
    • Yi, A., Garcia, M., Llanos, A., Guerra, J. & Gotuzzo, E. (1981), Emergencia de resistencia al cloranfenicol en Salmonella typhi in vivo e in vitro en el curso de una epidemia. Diagnostico, 8, 87-93.
    • (1981) Diagnostico , vol.8 , pp. 87-93
    • Yi, A.1    Garcia, M.2    Llanos, A.3    Guerra, J.4    Gotuzzo, E.5
  • 21
    • 0015848668 scopus 로고
    • Chloramphenicol-resistant typhoid fever in Vietnam associated with R factor
    • Butler, T., Linh, N.N., Arnold, K. & Pollack, M. (1973), Chloramphenicol-resistant typhoid fever in Vietnam associated with R factor. Lancet, 2, 983-985.
    • (1973) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 983-985
    • Butler, T.1    Linh, N.N.2    Arnold, K.3    Pollack, M.4
  • 22
    • 0018568126 scopus 로고
    • Typhoid fever in Vietnam. - I. Bacteriological study (607 Salmonella strains isolated from 1961 to 1975 at the Grall Hospital of Saigon)
    • Ricosse, J.H., Goudineau, J.A., Doury, J.C., Vieu, J.F., Meyruey, M.H. & Pelloux, H. (1979), Typhoid fever in Vietnam. - I. Bacteriological study (607 Salmonella strains isolated from 1961 to 1975 at the Grall Hospital of Saigon). Med. Trop., 39, 415-424.
    • (1979) Med. Trop. , vol.39 , pp. 415-424
    • Ricosse, J.H.1    Goudineau, J.A.2    Doury, J.C.3    Vieu, J.F.4    Meyruey, M.H.5    Pelloux, H.6
  • 23
    • 0024990793 scopus 로고
    • Spread of multiresistant Salmonella typhi
    • Rowe, B., Ward, L.R. & Threlfall, E.J. (1990), Spread of multiresistant Salmonella typhi. Lancet, 336, 1065-1066.
    • (1990) Lancet , vol.336 , pp. 1065-1066
    • Rowe, B.1    Ward, L.R.2    Threlfall, E.J.3
  • 25
    • 0025099748 scopus 로고
    • Epidemic multiresistant enteric fever in eastern India
    • Anand, A.C., Kataria, V.K., Singh, W. & Chatterjee, S.K. (1990), Epidemic multiresistant enteric fever in eastern India (letter). Lancet, 335, 352.
    • (1990) Lancet , vol.335 , pp. 352
    • Anand, A.C.1    Kataria, V.K.2    Singh, W.3    Chatterjee, S.K.4
  • 28
    • 0025753108 scopus 로고
    • The challenge of multi-drug resistant typhoid fever
    • Singh, M. (1991), The challenge of multi-drug resistant typhoid fever (editorial). Indian Pediatr., 28, 329-332.
    • (1991) Indian Pediatr. , vol.28 , pp. 329-332
    • Singh, M.1
  • 29
    • 0029831298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of age and drug resistance on mortality in typhoid fever
    • Bhutta, Z.A. (1996), Impact of age and drug resistance on mortality in typhoid fever. Arch. Dis. Child., 75, 214-217.
    • (1996) Arch. Dis. Child. , vol.75 , pp. 214-217
    • Bhutta, Z.A.1
  • 31
    • 0027250652 scopus 로고
    • Salmonella typhi infection in children younger than five years of age
    • Mahle, W.T. & Levine, M.M. (1993), Salmonella typhi infection in children younger than five years of age. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J., 12, 627-631.
    • (1993) Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. , vol.12 , pp. 627-631
    • Mahle, W.T.1    Levine, M.M.2
  • 34
    • 0027284942 scopus 로고
    • Detection of salmonella typhi in the blood of patients with typhoid fever by polymerase chain reaction
    • Song, J.H., Cho, H., Park, M.Y., Na, D.S. & Moon, H.B. (1993), Detection of Salmonella typhi in the blood of patients with typhoid fever by polymerase chain reaction. J. Clin. Microbiol., 31, 1439-1443.
    • (1993) J. Clin. Microbiol. , vol.31 , pp. 1439-1443
    • Song, J.H.1    Cho, H.2    Park, M.Y.3    Na, D.S.4    Moon, H.B.5
  • 35
    • 0029882495 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of salmonella typhi by polymerase chain reaction
    • Zhu, Q., Lim, C.K. & Chan, Y.N. (1996), Detection of Salmonella typhi by polymerase chain reaction. J. Appl. Bacterial., 80, 244-251.
    • (1996) J. Appl. Bacterial , vol.80 , pp. 244-251
    • Zhu, Q.1    Lim, C.K.2    Chan, Y.N.3
  • 36
    • 0021357972 scopus 로고
    • Rapid diagnosis of typhoid fever by antigen detection
    • Sivadasan, K., Kurien, B. & John, T.J. (1984), Rapid diagnosis of typhoid fever by antigen detection. Lancet, 1, 134-135.
    • (1984) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 134-135
    • Sivadasan, K.1    Kurien, B.2    John, T.J.3
  • 38
    • 0020506149 scopus 로고
    • Identification of DNA homologies among H incompatibility group plasmids by restriction enzyme digestion and southern transfer hybridization
    • Whiteley, M. & Taylor, D.E. (1983), Identification of DNA homologies among H incompatibility group plasmids by restriction enzyme digestion and Southern transfer hybridization. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 24, 194-200.
    • (1983) Antimicrob. Agents Chemother , vol.24 , pp. 194-200
    • Whiteley, M.1    Taylor, D.E.2
  • 39
    • 0016032752 scopus 로고
    • Epidemiological surveillance of plasmids mediating resistance to chloramphenicol
    • "Salmonella typhi"
    • Chabbert, Y.A. & Gerbaud, G.R. (1974), Epidemiological surveillance of plasmids mediating resistance to chloramphenicol, in "Salmonella typhi" (author's transl). Ann. Microbiol. (Paris), 125A, 153-166.
    • (1974) Ann. Microbiol. (Paris) , vol.125 A , pp. 153-166
    • Chabbert, Y.A.1    Gerbaud, G.R.2
  • 40
    • 0021340998 scopus 로고
    • Plasmids mediating resistance to chloramphenicol, trimethoprim, and ampicillin in salmonella typhi strains isolated in the Southeast Asian region
    • Ling, J. & Chau, P.Y. (1984), Plasmids mediating resistance to chloramphenicol, trimethoprim, and ampicillin in Salmonella typhi strains isolated in the Southeast Asian region. J. Infect Dis., 149, 652.
    • (1984) J. Infect Dis. , vol.149 , pp. 652
    • Ling, J.1    Chau, P.Y.2
  • 41
    • 84965267456 scopus 로고
    • Chloramphenicol resistance in the typhoid bacillus
    • Anderson, E.S. & Smith, H.R. (1972), Chloramphenicol resistance in the typhoid bacillus. Br. Med. J., 3, 329-331.
    • (1972) Br. Med. J. , vol.3 , pp. 329-331
    • Anderson, E.S.1    Smith, H.R.2
  • 42
    • 0016661184 scopus 로고
    • The problem and implications of chloramphenicol resistance in the typhoid bacillus
    • Anderson, E.S. (1975), The problem and implications of chloramphenicol resistance in the typhoid bacillus. J. Hyg. (Lond.), 74, 289-299.
    • (1975) J. Hyg. (Lond) , vol.74 , pp. 289-299
    • Anderson, E.S.1
  • 43
    • 0029977294 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular typing of salmonella typhi strains from Dhaka (Bangladesh) and development of DNA probes identifying plasmid-encoded multidrug-resistant isolates
    • Hermans, P.W., Saha, S.K., van Leeuwen, W.J., Verbrugh, H.A., van Belkum, A. & Goessens, W.H. (1996), Molecular typing of Salmonella typhi strains from Dhaka (Bangladesh) and development of DNA probes identifying plasmid-encoded multidrug-resistant isolates. J. Clin. Microbiol., 34, 1373-1379.
    • (1996) J. Clin. Microbiol. , vol.34 , pp. 1373-1379
    • Hermans, P.W.1    Saha, S.K.2    Van Leeuwen, W.J.3    Verbrugh, H.A.4    Van Belkum, A.5    Goessens, W.H.6
  • 44
    • 0031031511 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mul-tidrug-resistant salmonella typhi: A worldwide epidemic
    • Rowe, B., Ward, L.R. & Threlfall, E.J. (1997), Mul-tidrug-resistant Salmonella typhi: a worldwide epidemic. Clin. Infect. Dis., 24 Suppl. l, S106-S109.
    • (1997) Clin. Infect. Dis. , vol.24 , Issue.SUPPL. L
    • Rowe, B.1    Ward, L.R.2    Threlfall, E.J.3
  • 45
    • 0014294511 scopus 로고
    • Studies on infection and immunity in experimental typhoid fever. - VII. The distribution of salmonella typhi in chimpanzee tissue following oral challenge and the relationship between the numbers of bacilli and morphologic lesions
    • Gaines, S., Sprinz, H., Tully, J. & Tigertt, W. (1968), Studies on infection and immunity in experimental typhoid fever. - VII. The distribution of Salmonella typhi in chimpanzee tissue following oral challenge and the relationship between the numbers of bacilli and morphologic lesions. J. Exp. Med., 118, 293-306.
    • (1968) J. Exp. Med. , vol.118 , pp. 293-306
    • Gaines, S.1    Sprinz, H.2    Tully, J.3    Tigertt, W.4
  • 47
    • 0019275001 scopus 로고
    • Etude chez le veau de l'infection expérimentale par salmonella tiphymurium: Rôle protecteur d'extraits ribosomaux homologues
    • Ivanoff, B., Martel, J.L., Hiret, D., Parado, C., Normier, G. et al. (1980), Etude chez le veau de l'infection expérimentale par Salmonella tiphymurium: rôle protecteur d'extraits ribosomaux homologues. Ann. Microbiol./lnst. Pasteur, 131 B, 163-174.
    • (1980) Ann. Microbiol./lnst. Pasteur , vol.131 B , pp. 163-174
    • Ivanoff, B.1    Martel, J.L.2    Hiret, D.3    Parado, C.4    Normier, G.5
  • 48
    • 0020549526 scopus 로고
    • Salmonella typhimurium infection in calves : Protection and survival of virulent challenge bacteria after immunization with live or inactivated vaccines
    • Robertsson, J.A., Lindberg, A.A., Hoiseth, S. & Stocker, B.A.D. (1983), Salmonella typhimurium infection in calves : protection and survival of virulent challenge bacteria after immunization with live or inactivated vaccines. Infect. Immun., 41, 742-750.
    • (1983) Infect. Immun. , vol.41 , pp. 742-750
    • Robertsson, J.A.1    Lindberg, A.A.2    Hoiseth, S.3    Stocker, B.A.D.4
  • 49
    • 0018794762 scopus 로고
    • Importance de la voie respiratoire dans la salmonellose expérimentale de la souris balb/c
    • Ivanoff, B., Cordel, J., Robert, D. & Fontanges, R. (1980), Importance de la voie respiratoire dans la salmonellose expérimentale de la souris Balb/c. C.R. Acad. Sci., 1271-1274.
    • (1980) C.R. Acad. Sci. , pp. 1271-1274
    • Ivanoff, B.1    Cordel, J.2    Robert, D.3    Fontanges, R.4
  • 50
    • 0024346776 scopus 로고
    • Pathogenesis and immunity in murine salmonellosis
    • Hsu, H.S. (1989), Pathogenesis and immunity in murine salmonellosis. Microbiol. Rev., 53, 390-409.
    • (1989) Microbiol. Rev. , vol.53 , pp. 390-409
    • Hsu, H.S.1
  • 51
    • 0029086962 scopus 로고
    • Genomic cleavage map of salmonella typhi Ty2
    • Liu, S.L. & Sanderson, K.E. (1995), Genomic cleavage map of Salmonella typhi Ty2. J. Bacteriol., 177, 5099-5107.
    • (1995) J. Bacteriol , vol.177 , pp. 5099-5107
    • Liu, S.L.1    Sanderson, K.E.2
  • 52
    • 0029790360 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Highly plastic chromosomal organization in Salmonella typhi
    • Liu, S.L. & Sanderson, K.E. (1996), Highly plastic chromosomal organization in Salmonella typhi. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 93, 10303-10308.
    • (1996) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.93 , pp. 10303-10308
    • Liu, S.L.1    Sanderson, K.E.2
  • 53
    • 0016822485 scopus 로고
    • Isolation and characterization of gal E mutant Ty21a of salmonella typhi: A candidate strain for a live oral typhoid vaccine
    • Germanier, R. & Purer, E. (1975), Isolation and characterization of gal E mutant Ty21a of Salmonella typhi: A candidate strain for a live oral typhoid vaccine. J. Infect. Dis., 141, 553-558.
    • (1975) J. Infect. Dis. , vol.141 , pp. 553-558
    • Germanier, R.1    Purer, E.2
  • 54
    • 0020075393 scopus 로고
    • A controlled field trial of live salmonella typhi strain Ty21a oral vaccine against typhoid: Three year results
    • Wahdan, M.H., Serie, C., Cerisier, Y., Sallam, S. & Germanier, R. (1982), A controlled field trial of live Salmonella typhi strain Ty21a oral vaccine against typhoid: Three year results. J. Infect. Dis., 145, 292-296.
    • (1982) J. Infect. Dis. , vol.145 , pp. 292-296
    • Wahdan, M.H.1    Serie, C.2    Cerisier, Y.3    Sallam, S.4    Germanier, R.5
  • 55
    • 0025186257 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of enteric-coated capsules and liquid formulation of Ty21a typhoid vaccine in randomised controlled field trial
    • Levine, M.M., Ferreccio, C., Cryz, S. & Ortiz, E. (1990), Comparison of enteric-coated capsules and liquid formulation of Ty21a typhoid vaccine in randomised controlled field trial. Lancet, 336, 891-894.
    • (1990) Lancet , vol.336 , pp. 891-894
    • Levine, M.M.1    Ferreccio, C.2    Cryz, S.3    Ortiz, E.4
  • 57
    • 0021233257 scopus 로고
    • Reexamination of the protective role of the capsular polysaccharide Vi antigen of salmonella tvphi
    • Robbins, J. & Robbins, J. (1984), Reexamination of the protective role of the capsular polysaccharide Vi antigen of Salmonella tvphi. J. Infect. Dis., 150, 436-449.
    • (1984) J. Infect. Dis. , vol.150 , pp. 436-449
    • Robbins, J.1    Robbins, J.2
  • 58
    • 0016761730 scopus 로고
    • Vi antigen from salmonella typhosa and immunity against typhoid fever. 11. Safety and antigenicity in humans
    • Levin, D.M., Wong, K.H., Reynolds, H.Y., Sutton, A. & Northrup, R. (1975), Vi antigen from Salmonella typhosa and immunity against typhoid fever. 11. Safety and antigenicity in humans. Infect. Immun., 12, 1290-1294.
    • (1975) Infect. Immun. , vol.12 , pp. 1290-1294
    • Levin, D.M.1    Wong, K.H.2    Reynolds, H.Y.3    Sutton, A.4    Northrup, R.5
  • 59
    • 0015946749 scopus 로고
    • Vi antigen from salmonella typhosa and immunity against typhoid fever. - I. Isolation and immunologie properties in animals
    • Wong, K.H., Feeley, J.C., Northrup, R.S. & Forlines, M.E. (1974), Vi antigen from Salmonella typhosa and immunity against typhoid fever. - I. Isolation and immunologie properties in animals. Infect. Immun., 9, 348-353.
    • (1974) Infect. Immun. , vol.9 , pp. 348-353
    • Wong, K.H.1    Feeley, J.C.2    Northrup, R.S.3    Forlines, M.E.4
  • 61
    • 0023633872 scopus 로고
    • Protective activity of Vi polysaccharide vaccine against typhoid fever
    • Klugman, K., Gilbertson, I.T., Kornhoff, H.J. et al. (1987), Protective activity of Vi polysaccharide vaccine against typhoid fever. Lancet, 2, 1165-1169.
    • (1987) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 1165-1169
    • Klugman, K.1    Gilbertson, I.T.2    Kornhoff, H.J.3
  • 62
    • 0024485669 scopus 로고
    • Salmonella typhi infections in the united states, 1975-1984: Increasing role of foreign travel
    • Ryan, C.A., Hargrett-Bean, N.T. & Blake, P.A. (1989), Salmonella typhi infections in the United States, 1975-1984: Increasing role of foreign travel. Rev. Infect. Dis., II, 1-8.
    • (1989) Rev. Infect. Dis. , vol.2 , pp. 1-8
    • Ryan, C.A.1    Hargrett-Bean, N.T.2    Blake, P.A.3
  • 63
    • 0020562622 scopus 로고
    • Typhoid in the united states and risk to the international traveler
    • Taylor, D.N., Pollard, R.A. & Blake, P.A. (1983), Typhoid in the United States and risk to the international traveler. J. Infect. Dis., 148, 599-602.
    • (1983) J. Infect. Dis. , vol.148 , pp. 599-602
    • Taylor, D.N.1    Pollard, R.A.2    Blake, P.A.3
  • 64
    • 0017755917 scopus 로고
    • Salmonella typhi infections in the united states, 1967-1972: Increasing importance of international travelers
    • Rice, P.A., Baine, W.B. & Gangarosa, E.J. (1977), Salmonella typhi infections in the United States, 1967-1972: Increasing importance of international travelers. Am. J. Epidemiol, 106, 160-166.
    • (1977) Am. J. Epidemiol , vol.106 , pp. 160-166
    • Rice, P.A.1    Baine, W.B.2    Gangarosa, E.J.3
  • 65
    • 0019328342 scopus 로고
    • Acquisition of typhoid fever from proficiency-testing specimens
    • Blaser, M.J. & Feldman, R.A. (1980), Acquisition of typhoid fever from proficiency-testing specimens. (Correspondence). JAMA, 303, 1481-1482.
    • (1980) JAMA , vol.303 , pp. 1481-1482
    • Blaser, M.J.1    Feldman, R.A.2
  • 67
    • 0028580721 scopus 로고
    • Vaccination against typhoid fever: Present status
    • Ivanoff, B., Levine, M.M. & Lambert, P.H. (1994), Vaccination against typhoid fever: present status. Bull. WHO, 72, 957-971.
    • (1994) Bull. WHO , vol.72 , pp. 957-971
    • Ivanoff, B.1    Levine, M.M.2    Lambert, P.H.3
  • 68
    • 0002268277 scopus 로고
    • Typhoid fever vaccines
    • Plotkin, S.A. and Mortimer, E., Jr.. Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders
    • Levine, M.M. (1994), Typhoid fever vaccines, in "Vaccines, 2nd Ed." (Plotkin, S.A. and Mortimer, E., Jr.). Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders.
    • (1994) Vaccines, 2nd Ed.
    • Levine, M.M.1
  • 71
    • 0024580373 scopus 로고
    • Comparative efficacy of two, three, or four doses of TY21a live oral typhoid vaccine in enteric-coated capsules : A field trial in an endemic area
    • Ferreccio, C., Levine, M.M., Rodriguez, H. & Contreras, R. (1989), Comparative efficacy of two, three, or four doses of TY21a live oral typhoid vaccine in enteric-coated capsules : a field trial in an endemic area. J. Infect. Dis., 159, 766-769.
    • (1989) J. Infect. Dis. , vol.159 , pp. 766-769
    • Ferreccio, C.1    Levine, M.M.2    Rodriguez, H.3    Contreras, R.4
  • 73
    • 0028808713 scopus 로고
    • A new typhoid vaccine composed of the Vi capsular polysaccharide
    • Plotkin, S.A. & Bouveret-Le Cam, N. (1995), A new typhoid vaccine composed of the Vi capsular polysaccharide. Arch. Intern. Med., 155, 2293-2299.
    • (1995) Arch. Intern. Med. , vol.155 , pp. 2293-2299
    • Plotkin, S.A.1    Bouveret-Le Cam, N.2
  • 74
    • 0023620526 scopus 로고
    • Vi capsular polysaccharideprotein conjugates for prevention of typhoid fever. Preparation, characterization, and immunogenicity in laboratory animals
    • Szu, S.C., Stone, A.L., Robbins, J.D., Schneerson, R. & Robbins, J.B. (1987), Vi capsular polysaccharideprotein conjugates for prevention of typhoid fever. Preparation, characterization, and immunogenicity in laboratory animals. J. Exp. Med., 166, 1510-1524.
    • (1987) J. Exp. Med. , vol.166 , pp. 1510-1524
    • Szu, S.C.1    Stone, A.L.2    Robbins, J.D.3    Schneerson, R.4    Robbins, J.B.5
  • 75
    • 0024398275 scopus 로고
    • Comparative immunogenicities of Vi polysaccharide-protein conjugates composed of cholera toxin or its B subu-nit as a carrier bound to high-or low-molecular weight-Vi
    • Szu, S.C., Li, X., Schneerson, R., Vickers, J.H., Bryla, D. & Robbins, J.B. (1989), Comparative immunogenicities of Vi polysaccharide-protein conjugates composed of cholera toxin or its B subu-nit as a carrier bound to high-or low-molecular weight-Vi. Infect. Immun., 57, 3823-3827.
    • (1989) Infect. Immun. , vol.57 , pp. 3823-3827
    • Szu, S.C.1    Li, X.2    Schneerson, R.3    Vickers, J.H.4    Bryla, D.5    Robbins, J.B.6
  • 77
    • 0026521261 scopus 로고
    • Clinical acceptability and immunogenicity of CVD 908 salmonella typhi vaccine strain
    • Tacket, C.O., Hone, D.M., Losonsky, G.A., Guers, L., Edelman, R. & Levine, M.M. (1992b), Clinical acceptability and immunogenicity of CVD 908 Salmonella typhi vaccine strain. Vaccine, 10, 443-446.
    • (1992) Vaccine , vol.10 , pp. 443-446
    • Tacket, C.O.1    Hone, D.M.2    Losonsky, G.A.3    Guers, L.4    Edelman, R.5    Levine, M.M.6
  • 78
    • 0002959718 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Progress in development of new attenuated strains of salmonella typhi as live oral vaccines
    • Levine, M.M., Woodrow, G.C., Kaper, J.B., and Cobon, G.S. Marcel Dekker, New York
    • Levine, M.M., Tacket, C.O., Galen, J.E., Barry, E.M., Chatfield, S.N., Dougan, G., Noriega, F. & Sztein, M.B. (1997), Progress in development of new attenuated strains of Salmonella typhi as live oral vaccines, in "New generation vaccines, second Ed." (Levine, M.M., Woodrow, G.C., Kaper, J.B., and Cobon, G.S.). Marcel Dekker, New York.
    • (1997) New Generation Vaccines, Second Ed.
    • Levine, M.M.1    Tacket, C.O.2    Galen, J.E.3    Barry, E.M.4    Chatfield, S.N.5    Dougan, G.6    Noriega, F.7    Sztein, M.B.8
  • 79
    • 0025178939 scopus 로고
    • Antibody-secreting cells in the evaluation of the immunogenicity of an oral vaccine
    • Kantele, A. (1990), Antibody-secreting cells in the evaluation of the immunogenicity of an oral vaccine. Vaccine, 8, 321-326.
    • (1990) Vaccine , vol.8 , pp. 321-326
    • Kantele, A.1
  • 80
    • 0029098307 scopus 로고
    • Cytotoxic T lymphocytes after oral immunization with attenuated vaccine strains of salmonella typhi in humans
    • Sztein, M., Tanner, M.K., Polotsky, Y., Orenstein, J.M. & Levine, M.M. (1995), Cytotoxic T lymphocytes after oral immunization with attenuated vaccine strains of Salmonella typhi in humans. J. Immunol., 155, 3987-3993.
    • (1995) J. Immunol. , vol.155 , pp. 3987-3993
    • Sztein, M.1    Tanner, M.K.2    Polotsky, Y.3    Orenstein, J.M.4    Levine, M.M.5
  • 81
    • 0028035165 scopus 로고
    • Cytokine production patterns and lymphoproliferative responses in volunteers orally immunized with attenuated vaccine strains of salmonella typhi
    • Sztein, M.B., Wasserman, S.S., Tacket, C.O., Edelman, R., Hone, D., Lindberg, A.A. & Levine, M.M. (1994), Cytokine production patterns and lymphoproliferative responses in volunteers orally immunized with attenuated vaccine strains of Salmonella typhi. J. Infect. Dis., 170, 1508-1517.
    • (1994) J. Infect. Dis. , vol.170 , pp. 1508-1517
    • Sztein, M.B.1    Wasserman, S.S.2    Tacket, C.O.3    Edelman, R.4    Hone, D.5    Lindberg, A.A.6    Levine, M.M.7
  • 82
    • 0026810652 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of salmonella typhimurium strains harbouring defined mutations in htrA and aroA in the murine salmonellosis model
    • Chatfield, S.N., Strahan, K., Pickard, D., Charles, I.G., Hormaeche, C.E. & Dougan, G. (1992), Evaluation of Salmonella typhimurium strains harbouring defined mutations in htrA and aroA in the murine salmonellosis model. Microb. Pathog., 12, 145-151.
    • (1992) Microb. Pathog. , vol.12 , pp. 145-151
    • Chatfield, S.N.1    Strahan, K.2    Pickard, D.3    Charles, I.G.4    Hormaeche, C.E.5    Dougan, G.6
  • 85
    • 0023491110 scopus 로고
    • Salmonella typhimurium deletion mutants lacking adenylate cyclase and cyclic AMP receptor protein are avirulent and immunogenic
    • Curtiss, R., III & Kelly, S.M. (1987), Salmonella typhimurium deletion mutants lacking adenylate cyclase and cyclic AMP receptor protein are avirulent and immunogenic. Infect. Immun., 55, 3035-3043.
    • (1987) Infect. Immun. , vol.55 , pp. 3035-3043
    • Curtiss R. III1    Kelly, S.M.2
  • 88
    • 0030758117 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety and immunogenicity in humans of an attenuated salmonella typhi vaccine vector strain expressing plasmid-encoded hepatitis B antigens stabilized by the ASD balanced lethal system
    • in press
    • Tacket, C.O., Kelly, S.M., Schodel, F., Losonsky, G., Nataro, J.P., Edelman, R., Levine, M.M. & Curtiss, R., III (1997), Safety and immunogenicity in humans of an attenuated Salmonella typhi vaccine vector strain expressing plasmid-encoded hepatitis B antigens stabilized by the ASD balanced lethal system. Infect. Immun, (in press).
    • (1997) Infect. Immun,
    • Tacket, C.O.1    Kelly, S.M.2    Schodel, F.3    Losonsky, G.4    Nataro, J.P.5    Edelman, R.6    Levine, M.M.7    Curtiss R. III8
  • 89
    • 0030028340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of a phoP/phoQ-deleted, aroA-deleted live oral salmonella typhi vaccine strain in human volunteers
    • Hohmann, E.L., Oletta, C.A. & Miller, S.L. (1996), Evaluation of a phoP/phoQ-deleted, aroA-deleted live oral Salmonella typhi vaccine strain in human volunteers. Vaccine, 14, 19-24.
    • (1996) Vaccine , vol.14 , pp. 19-24
    • Hohmann, E.L.1    Oletta, C.A.2    Miller, S.L.3
  • 90
    • 0029799771 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • phoP/phoQ-deleted salmonella typhi (Ty8oo) is a safe and immunogenic single-dose typhoid fever vaccine in volunteers
    • Hohmann, E.L., Oletta, C.A., Killeen, K.P. & Miller, S.I. (1996), phoP/phoQ-deleted Salmonella typhi (Ty8OO) is a safe and immunogenic single-dose typhoid fever vaccine in volunteers. J. Infect. Dis., 173, 1408-1414.
    • (1996) J. Infect. Dis. , vol.173 , pp. 1408-1414
    • Hohmann, E.L.1    Oletta, C.A.2    Killeen, K.P.3    Miller, S.I.4
  • 91
    • 0023367954 scopus 로고
    • Control of typhoid fever in Bangkok, Thailand, by annual immunization of school children with parenteral typhoid fever
    • Bodhidatta, L., Taylor, D.N., Thisyakorn, U. & Echeverria, P. (1987), Control of typhoid fever in Bangkok, Thailand, by annual immunization of school children with parenteral typhoid fever. Rev. Infect. Dis., 9, 841-845.
    • (1987) Rev. Infect. Dis. , vol.9 , pp. 841-845
    • Bodhidatta, L.1    Taylor, D.N.2    Thisyakorn, U.3    Echeverria, P.4
  • 92
    • 0025273072 scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of one or two doses of Ty21a salmonella typhi vaccine in enteric-coated capsules in a controlled field trial Chilean Typhoid committee
    • Black, R.E., Levine, M.M., Ferreccio, C, Clements, M.L., Lanata, C., Rooney, J. & Germanier, R. (1990), Efficacy of one or two doses of Ty21a Salmonella typhi vaccine in enteric-coated capsules in a controlled field trial. Chilean Typhoid Committee. Vaccine, 8, 81-84.
    • (1990) Vaccine , vol.8 , pp. 81-84
    • Black, R.E.1    Levine, M.M.2    Ferreccio, C.3    Clements, M.L.4    Lanata, C.5    Rooney, J.6    Germanier, R.7
  • 94
    • 0015738830 scopus 로고
    • Ineffectiveness of an oral killed typhoid vaccine in a field trial
    • Chuttani, C.S., Prakash, K., Vergese, A. et al. (1973), Ineffectiveness of an oral killed typhoid vaccine in a field trial. Bull. WHO, 48, 756-757.
    • (1973) Bull. WHO , vol.48 , pp. 756-757
    • Chuttani, C.S.1    Prakash, K.2    Vergese, A.3
  • 95
    • 0016905796 scopus 로고
    • Controlled field trials of three different oral killed typhoid vaccines in India
    • Chuttani, C.S. (1976), Controlled field trials of three different oral killed typhoid vaccines in India. Dev. Biol. Stand., 33, 98-101.
    • (1976) Dev. Biol. Stand. , vol.33 , pp. 98-101
    • Chuttani, C.S.1
  • 96
    • 0017758947 scopus 로고
    • Controlled field trial of a high dose oral killed typhoid vaccine in India
    • Chuttani, D.S., Prakash, K., Gupta, P., Graven, V. & Kumar, A. (1977), Controlled field trial of a high dose oral killed typhoid vaccine in India. Bull. WHO, 55, 643-644.
    • (1977) Bull. WHO , vol.55 , pp. 643-644
    • Chuttani, D.S.1    Prakash, K.2    Gupta, P.3    Graven, V.4    Kumar, A.5
  • 98
    • 0023180351 scopus 로고
    • Large-scale field trial of Ty21a live oral typhoid vaccine in enteric-coated capsule formulation
    • Chilean Typhoid Committee
    • Levine, M.M., Ferreccio, C., Black, R.E., Germanier, R. & Chilean Typhoid Committee (1987), Large-scale field trial of Ty21a live oral typhoid vaccine in enteric-coated capsule formulation. Lancet, 1, 1049-1052.
    • (1987) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 1049-1052
    • Levine, M.M.1    Ferreccio, C.2    Black, R.E.3    Germanier, R.4
  • 99
    • 0016731022 scopus 로고
    • Controlled field trial on the effectiveness of one and two doses of acetone-inactivated and dried typhoid vaccine
    • Tapa, S. & Cvjetanovic, B. (1975), Controlled field trial on the effectiveness of one and two doses of acetone-inactivated and dried typhoid vaccine. Bull. WHO, 52, 75-80.
    • (1975) Bull. WHO , vol.52 , pp. 75-80
    • Tapa, S.1    Cvjetanovic, B.2
  • 100
    • 0016731021 scopus 로고
    • Controlled field trial of a typhoid vaccine prepared with non-motile mutant of salmonella typhi Ty2
    • Wahdan, M.H., Sippel, J.E. & Mikhail, I.A. et al. (1975), Controlled field trial of a typhoid vaccine prepared with non-motile mutant of Salmonella typhi Ty2. Bull. WHO, 52, 69-73.
    • (1975) Bull. WHO , vol.52 , pp. 69-73
    • Wahdan, M.H.1    Sippel, J.E.2    Mikhail, I.A.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.