Single-Organism Model of Host Defense against Infection: A Novel Immunotoxicologic Approach to Evaluate Immunomodulatory Drugs

Toxicologic Pathology

Volumn 25, Issue 4, 1997, Pages 351-362

  Herzyk, Danuta J ^a   Ruggieri, Elizabeth V ^a   Cunningham, Lolita ^a   Polsky, Rodd ^a   Herold, Christopher ^a   Klinkner, Anne M ^a   Badger, Alison ^a   Kerns, William D ^b   Bugelski, Peter J ^c  

^a GLAXOSMITHKLINE   (United Kingdom)

^b SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceutical ^*

^c UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Anti Candida antibody; C. albicans; clearance from local infection; immunoactive drugs; spleen uptake; survival; systemic infection

Indexed keywords

2 (3 DIMETHYLAMINOPROPYL) 8,8 DIPROPYL 2 AZASPIRO[4.5]DECANE; CYCLOSPORIN; CYCLOSPORIN A; DEXAMETHASONE; IMMUNOMODULATING AGENT; MURAMYL TRIPEPTIDE; N ACETYLMURAMYLALANYL DEXTRO ISOGLUTAMINYLALANYL DIPALMITOYLPHOSPHATIDYLETHANOLAMINE;

ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL MODEL; ANIMAL TISSUE; ARTICLE; CANDIDA ALBICANS; COLONY FORMING UNIT; CONTROLLED STUDY; ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; FEMALE; HOST RESISTANCE; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; IMMUNOMODULATION; IMMUNOREACTIVITY; IMMUNOTOXICITY; INFECTION RESISTANCE; INTRAPERITONEAL DRUG ADMINISTRATION; INTRAVENOUS DRUG ADMINISTRATION; MOUSE; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SPLEEN;

ADJUVANTS, IMMUNOLOGIC; ANIMALS; ANTIBODY FORMATION; CANDIDA ALBICANS; CANDIDIASIS; CYCLOSPORINE; DEXAMETHASONE; DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL; DRUG EVALUATION, PRECLINICAL; FEMALE; IMMUNITY, CELLULAR; IMMUNITY, NATURAL; INJECTIONS, INTRAPERITONEAL; MICE; MICE, INBRED BALB C; MICE, INBRED C57BL; MICE, INBRED CBA; MICE, INBRED DBA; MODELS, IMMUNOLOGICAL; SURVIVAL RATE;

ANIMALIA; CANDIDA ALBICANS;

EID: 0030839105     PISSN: 01926233     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/019262339702500403     Document Type: Article

References (68)

1. Anonymous (1993). Toxicological Principles for the Safety Assessment of Direct Food Additives and Color Additives Used in Food. Redbook II, U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
2. Ashman RB (1987). Murine candidiasis. II. Host responses are T-cell dependent and regulated by genes in the major histocompatibility complex. Immunogenetics 25: 200-203.
3. Ashman RB (1990). Murine candidiasis: Cell-mediated immune responses correlate directly with susceptibility and resistance to infection. Immunol. Cell. Biol. 68: 15-20.
4. Ashman RB and Papadimitriou JM (1991). Susceptibility of beige mutant mice to candidiasis may be linked to a defect in granulocyte production by bone marrow stem cells. Infect. Immun. 59: 2140-2146.
5. Ashman RB and Papadimitriou JM (1993). Strain dependence of antibody-mediated protection in murine systemic candidiasis. J. Infect. Dis. 168: 511-513.
6. Ashman RB and Papadimitriou JM (1995). Production and function of cytokines in natural and acquired immunity to Candida albicans infection. Microbiol. Rev. 59: 646-672.
7. Badger A., Albrightson-Winslow CR, and Kupiec-Weglinski JW (1991). SK&F 105685: A novel immunosuppressive compound with efficacy in animal models of autoimmunity and transplantation. Transplant. Proc. 23: 194-195.
8. Badger A., Dimartino MJ, Talmadge JE, Picker DH, Schwartz DA, Dorman JW, Mirabelli CK, and Hanna N. (1989). Inhibition of animal models of autoimmune disease and the induction of non-specific suppressor cells by SK&F 105685 and related azaspiranes. Int. J. Immunopharmacol. 11: 839-846.
9. Badger A., King AG, Talmadge JE, Schwartz DA, Picker DH, Mirabelli CK, and Hanna N. (1990). Induction of non-specific suppressor cells in normal Lewis rats by a novel azaspirane SK&F 105685. J. Autoimmun. 3: 485-500.
10. Badger AM, Newman-Tarr T., and Satterfield JL (manuscript in preparation). Selective immunomodulatory activity of SK&F 106615, a macrophage-targeting antiarthritic compound, on antibody and cellular responses in rats and mice.
11. Baghian A. and Lee KW (1991). Elimination of Candida albicans from kidneys of mice during short-term systemic infections. Kidney Int. 40: 400-405.
12. Bahr GM, Modabber FZ, Morin A., Terrier M., Eyquem A., and Chedid L. (1984). Regulation by muramyl dipeptide (MDP) of the lymphoproliferative responses and polyclonal activation of human perioheral blood mononuclear cells. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 57: 178-186.
13. Becker J. and Grasso RJ (1988). Suppression of yeast ingestion by dexamethasone in macrophage cultures: evidence for a steroid-induced phagocytosis inhibitory protein. Int. J. Immunopharmacol. 10: 325-338.
14. Bistoni F., Vecchiarelli A., Cenci E., Puccetti P., Marconi P., and Cassone A. (1986). Evidence for macrophage-mediated protection against lethal Candida albicans infection. Infect. Immun. 51: 668-674.
15. Blasi E., Puliti M., Pitzura L., Bartoli A., and Bistoni F. (1994). Heterogeneous secretory response of phagocytes from different anatomical districts to the dimorphic fungus Candida albicans. Cell Immunol. 153: 239-247.
16. Bradley SG and Morahan PS (1982). Approaches to assessing host resistance. Environ. Health Perspect. 43: 61-69.
17. Calne RY (1979). Immunosuppression of organ grafting: Observations on cyclosporin A. Immnunol. Rev. 46: 113-122.
18. Cheers C. and Waller R. (1975). Activated macrophages in congenitally athymic “nude mice” and in lethally irradiated mice. J. Immunol. 115: 844-847.
19. Claman HN (1994). Corticosteroids as immunomodulators. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 288-292.
20. Cummings NP, Pabst MJ, and Johnston RB Jr (1980). Activation of macrophages for enhanced release of superoxide anion and greater killing of Canida albicans by injection of muramyl dipeptide. J. Exp. Med. 152: 1659-1669.
21. Decker T., Lohmann-Matthews ML, and Baccarini M. (1986). Heterogenous activity of immature and mature cells of the murine monocyte-macrophage lineage derived from different anatomical districts against yeast-phase Candida albicans. Infect. Immun. 54: 477-486.
22. Filler SG, Der LC, Mayer CL, Christenson PD, and Edwards JEJ (1987). An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for quantifying adherence of candida to human vascular endothelium. J. Inf. Dis. 156: 561-566.
23. Findon G. and Miller TE (1988). Modulation of host defense by cyclosporine. Influence of the route of administration on the course of infection. Transplantation 45: 815-817.
24. Fogler WE and Fidler IJ (1984). Modulation of the immune response by muramyl dipeptide. In: Immune Modulation Agents and Their Mechanisms. Marcel Dekker, New York, pp. 499–546.
25. Fraser-Smith EB, Eppstein DA, Larsen MA, and Matthews TR (1983). Protective effect of a muramyl dipeptide analog encapsulated in or mixed with liposomes against Candida albicans infection. Infect. Immun. 39: 172-178.
26. Fraser-Smith EB and Matthews TR (1981). Protective effect of muramyl dipeptide analogs against infections of Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Candida albicans in mice. Infect. Immun. 34: 676-683.
27. Fraser-Smith EB, Waters RV, and Matthews TR (1982). Correlation between in vivo anti-Pseudomonas and anti-Candida activities and clearance of carbon by the reticuloethothelial system for various muramyl dipeptide analogs, using normal and immunosuppressed mice. Infect. Immun. 35: 105-110.
28. Fuenfer MM, Olson GE, and Polk HC (1975). Effect of various corticosteroids upon phagocytic bactericidal activity of neutrophils. Surgery 78: 27-33.
29. Gettner SMM and MacKenzie DWR (1981). Responses of human peripheral lymphocytes to soluble and insoluble antigens of Candida albicans. J. Med. Microbiol. 14: 333-340.
30. Geiger DK, Domer JE, Moser SA, and McQuitty JTJ (1978). Experimental murine candidiasis: Pathological and immune responses in T-lymphocyte-depleted mice. Infect. Immun. 21: 729-737.
31. Guentzel MN and Herrera C. (1982). Effects of compromising agents on candidosis in mice with persistent infections initiated in infancy. Infect. Immun. 35: 222-228.
32. Hurley DL and Balow JE (1975). Experimental disseminated candidiasis. II. Administration of glucocorticosteroids, susceptibility to infection, and immunity. J. Inf. Dis. 132: 393-398.
33. Kagaya K., Shinoda T., and Fukazawa Y. (1981). Murine defense mechanism against Candida albicans infection. I. Collaboration of cell-mediated and humoral immunities in protection against systemic C. albicans infection. Microbiol. Immunol. 25: 647-654.
34. Kaplan JM, Badger AM, Ruggieri EV, Swift BA, and Bugelski PJ (1993). Effects of SK&F 105685, a novel anti-arthritic agent, on immune function in the dog. Int. J. Immunopharmacol. 15: 113-123.
35. Klein RS, Harris CA, Small CB, Moll B., Lesser M., and Friedland GH (1984). Oral candidiasis in high-risk patients as the initial manifestation of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. N. Engl. J. Med. 311: 354-358.
36. Koff WC, Showalter SD, Hampar B., and Fidler IJ (1985). Protection of mice against fatal Herpes simplex Type 2 infection by liposomes containing muramyl tripeptide. Science 228: 495-498.
37. Krause MW and Shaffner A. (1989). Comparison of immunosuppressive effects of cyclosporine A in a murine model of systemic candidiasis and localized thrushlike lesions. Infect. Immun. 57: 3472-3478.
38. Kunicka JE, Talle MA, Denhardt GH, Brown M., Prince LA, and Goldstein G. (1993). Immunosuppression by glucocorticoids: Inhibition of production of multiple lymphokines by in vivo administration of dexamethasone. Cell Immunol. 149: 39-49.
39. Luster MI, Munson AE, Thomas PT, Holsapple MP, Fenters JD, White KLJ, Lauer LD, Germolec DR, Rosenthal GJ, and Deans JH (1988). Method evaluation. Development of a testing battery to assess chemical-induced immunotoxicity: National Toxicology Program's Guidelines for immunotoxicity evaluation in mice. Fund. Appl. Toxicol. 10: 2-19.
40. Lyon FL, Hector RF, and Domer JE (1980). Innate and aquired immune responses against Candida albicans in congenic B10.D2 mice with deficiency of C5 complement component. J. Med. Vet. Mycol. 24: 359-367.
41. Mellissen PM, van Vianen W., Rijsbergen Y., and Bakker-Woundenberg IA (1992). Free versus liposome-encapsulated muramyl tripeptide phosphatidylethanolamine in treatment of experimental Klebsiella pneumoniae infection. Infect. Immun. 60: 95.
42. Metha RT, Lopez-Berestein G., Hopfer RL, Metha K., White RA, and Juliano RL (1985). Prophylaxis of murine candidiasis via application of liposome-encapsulated amphotericin B and a muramyl dipeptide analog, alone and in combination. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 28: 511-513.
43. Nakane A., Minagawa T., Yasuda I., Chen Yu, and Kazuyuki K. (1988). Prevention by gamma interferon of fatal infection with Listeria monocytogenes in mice treated with cyclosporin A. Infect. Immun. 56: 2011-2015.
44. Oyer PE, Stinson EB, Jamieson SW, Hunt SA, Perlroth M., Billing-ham M., and Shumway NE (1983). Cyclosporine in cardiac transplantation: A 2.5 year follow up. Transplant. Proc. 15: 2546-2552.
45. Papadimitriou JM and Ashman RB (1986). The pathogenesis of acute systemic candidiasis in a susceptible inbred mouse strain. J. Pathol. 150: 256-265.
46. Pearsall NN, Adams BL, and Bunni R. (1978). Immunologic responses to Candida albicans. III. Effects of passive transfer of lymphoid cells or serum on murine candidiasis. J. Immunol. 120: 1176-1180.
47. Pearsall NN and Lagunoff D. (1974). Immunological responses to Candida albicans. I. Mouse-thigh lesion as a model for experimental candidiasis. Infect. Immun. 9: 999-1002.
48. Perfect JR and Durack DT (1985). Effects of cyclosporine in experimental cryptococcal meningitis. Infect. Immun. 50: 22-26.
49. Pittet D. and Wenzel RP (1995). Nosocomial bloodstream infections-secular trends in rates, mortality, and contribution to total hospital deaths. Arch. Intern. Med. 155: 1177-1184.
50. Ponticelli C., Minetti L., Di Palo FQ, Vegeto A., Corbetta G., Tarantino A., and Civati G. (1988). The Milan clinical trial with cyclosporine in cadaveric renal transplantation. A three-year follow-up. Transplant. Proc. 45: 908-913.
51. Porius JC, vanVliet HJA, van Zeijl JH, Goessens WHF, and Michel MF (1990). Detection of an antibody response in immunocompetent patients with systemic candidiasis or Candida albicans colonisation. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 9: 352-355.
52. Qian Q., Jutila MA, Van Rooijen N., and Cutler JE (1994). Elimination of mouse splenic macrophages correlates with increased susceptibility to experimental disseminated candidiasis. J. Immunol. 152: 5000-5008.
53. Roitt IM (1984). Essential Immunology, O Blackwell (ed). Blackwell, Oxford.
54. Romani L., Cenci E., Mencacci A., Spaccapelo R., Grohmann U., Puccetti P., and Bistoni F. (1992). Gamma interferon modifies CD4+ subset expression in murine candidiasis. Infect. Immun. 60: 4950-4952.
55. Romani L., Mencacci A., Cenci E., Mosci P., Vitellozzi G., Grohmann U., Puccetti P., and Bistoni F. (1992). Course of primary candidiasis in T cell-depleted mice infected with attenuated variant cells. J. Inf. Dis. 166: 1384-1392.
56. Romani L., Mocci S., Bietta C., Lanfaloni L., Puccetti P., and Bistoni F. (1991). Th1 and Th2 cytokine secretion patterns in murine candidiasis: Association of Th1 responses with acquired resistance. Infect. Immun. 59: 4647-4654.
57. Sabbelle NR, Van Oudernaren A., and Benner R. (1983). The effect of corticosteroids upon the number and organ distribution of “background” immunoglobulin-secreting cells in mice. Cell Immunol. 77: 308-317.
58. Sabbelle NR, Van Oudernaren A., Hooijkaas H., and Benner R. (1987). The effect of corticosteroids upon murine B cells in vivo and in vitro as determined in the LPS-culture system. Immunology 62: 285-290.
59. Saiki I. and Fidler IJ (1985). Synergistic activation of recombinant mouse interferon-gamma and muramyl dipeptide of tumoricidal properties in mouse macrophages. J. Immunol. 135: 684-691.
60. Shell AGR, Hall BM, Tiller DJ, Stephen MS, Harris JP, Duggin GG, Horvath JS, Johnson JR, Rogers JR, and Boulas J. (1983). Australial trial of cyclosporine (CsA) in cadaveric donor renal transplantation. Transplant. Proc. 15: 2485-2489.
61. Shevach EM (1985). The effects of cyclosporin A on the immune system. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 3: 397-405.
62. Sohnle PG and Hahn BL (1993). Inhibition of pseudohyphal growth as a neutrophil-mediated host defense mechanism against experimental deep Candida albicans infections in mice. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 121: 235-243.
63. Steinshamn S. and Waage A. (1992). Tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-6 in Candida albicans infection in normal and granulocytopenic mice. Infect. Immun. 60: 4003-4008.
64. Thaler M., Pastakia B., Shawker TH, O'Leary T., and Pizzo PA (1988). Hepatic candidiasis in cancer patients: The evolving picture of the syndrome. Ann. Intern. Med. 108: 88-91.
65. Tonnetti L., Spaccapelo R., Cenci E., Mencacci A., Puccetti P., Coffman RL, Bistoni F., and Romani L. (1995). Interleukin-4 and -10 exacerbate candidiasis in mice. Eur. J. Immunol. 25: 1559-1565.
66. Wey SB, Mori M., Pfaller MA, Woolson RF, and Wenzel RP (1988). Hospital-aquired candidemia: The attributable mortality and excess length of stay. Arch. Intern. Med. 148: 2642-2645.
67. Whiteland JL, Nicholls SM, Shimed C., Easty DL, Williams NA, and Hill TJ (1995). Immunohistochemical detection of T-cell subsets and other leukocytes in paraffin-embedded rat and mouse tissues with monoclonal antibodies. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 43: 313-320.
68. Wiesinger D. and Borel JF (1979). Studies of the mechanism of action of cyclosporin A. Immunobiology 156: 452-460.