Dietary therapy with Lactobacillus GG, bovine colostrum or bovine immune colostrum in patients with juvenile chronic arthritis: Evaluation of effect on gut defence mechanisms

Inflammopharmacology

Volumn 5, Issue 3, 1997, Pages 219-236

  Malin, M ^a   Verronen, P ^a   Korhonen, H ^a   Syvaoja, E L ^a   Salminen, S ^a   Mykkanen, H ^a   Arvilommi, H ^a   Eerola, E ^a   Isolauri, E ^a  

^a TAMPERE UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (Finland)

Author keywords

Diet; Juvenile chronic arthritis; Mucosal barrier

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ANAEROBIC BACTERIUM; ARTICLE; CHILD; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CLINICAL TRIAL; CLOSTRIDIUM; COLOSTRUM; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; DOUBLE BLIND PROCEDURE; EUBACTERIUM; FEMALE; FUSOBACTERIUM NUCLEATUM; HUMAN; HUMAN CELL; IMMUNOGLOBULIN PRODUCTION; INTESTINE FLORA; JUVENILE RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; LACTOBACILLUS; MALE; MONONUCLEAR CELL; PEPTOSTREPTOCOCCUS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL;

EID: 0030838248     PISSN: 09254692     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10787-997-0001-1     Document Type: Article

References (59)

1. 1. V Neumann V Wright 1983 Arthritis associated with bowel disease Clin Gastroenterol. 12 767 95 6193911 1:STN:280:DyaL2c%2Fgt1ygtA%3D%3D Neumann V, Wright V. Arthritis associated with bowel disease. Clin Gastroenterol. 1983;12:767–95.
2. 2. B Schorr-Lesnick LJ Brandt 1988 Selected rheumatologic and dermatologic manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease Am J Gastroenterol 83 216 23 3278591 1:STN:280:DyaL1c7ksl2isQ%3D%3D Schorr-Lesnick B, Brandt LJ. Selected rheumatologic and dermatologic manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 1988;83:216–23.
3. 3. LG Darlington NW Ramsey JR Mansfield 1986 Placebo-controlled, blind study of dietary manipulation therapy in rheumatoid arthritis Lancet i 236 8 10.1016/S0140-6736(86)90774-9 Darlington LG, Ramsey NW, Mansfield JR. Placebo-controlled, blind study of dietary manipulation therapy in rheumatoid arthritis. Lancet. 1986;i:236–8
4. 4. RS Panush 1990 Food induced (“allergic”) arthritis: clinical and serologic studies J Rheumatol 17 291 4 2332849 1:STN:280:DyaK3c3jvVShsw%3D%3D Panush RS. Food induced (“allergic”) arthritis: clinical and serologic studies. J Rheumatol. 1990;17:291–4.
5. 5. J Kjeldsen-Kragh M Haughen CF Borchgrevink 1991 Controlled trial of fasting and one-year vegetarian diet in rheumatoid arthritis Lancet 338 899 902 1681264 10.1016/0140-6736(91)91770-U 1:STN:280:DyaK38%2Fhs1yltQ%3D%3D Kjeldsen-Kragh J, Haughen M, Borchgrevink CF et al. Controlled trial of fasting and one-year vegetarian diet in rheumatoid arthritis. Lancet. 1991;338:899–902.
6. 6. MAFJ Laar van de JK Korst van der 1992 Food intolerance in rheumatoid arthritis. I. A. double blind, controlled trial of the clinical effects of elimination of milk allergens and azo dyes Ann Rheum Dis. 51 298 302 1575571 10.1136/ard.51.3.298 van de Laar MAFJ, van der Korst JK. Food intolerance in rheumatoid arthritis. I. A. double blind, controlled trial of the clinical effects of elimination of milk allergens and azo dyes. Ann Rheum Dis. 1992;51:298–302.
7. 7. R Shinebaum VC Neumann EM Cook V Wright 1987 Comparison of faecal florae in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and controls Br J Rheumatol 26 329 33 2889500 10.1093/rheumatology/26.5.329 1:STN:280:DyaL1c%2FisF2ktQ%3D%3D Shinebaum R, Neumann VC, Cook EM, Wright V. Comparison of faecal florae in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and controls. Br J Rheumatol. 1987;26:329–33.
8. 8. E Eerola T Möttönen P Hannonen 1994 Intestinal flora in early rheumatoid arthritis Br J Rheumatol 33 1030 8 7981990 10.1093/rheumatology/33.11.1030 1:STN:280:DyaK2M%2Fnt12mtA%3D%3D Eerola E, Möttönen T, Hannonen P et al. Intestinal flora in early rheumatoid arthritis. Br J Rheumatol. 1994;33:1030–8
9. 9. R Marcolongo PF Bayeli IM Montagnani 1979 Gastrointestinal involvement in rheumatoid arthritis: a biopsy study J Rheumatol. 6 163 73 458789 1:STN:280:DyaE1M3hvVOitg%3D%3D Marcolongo R, Bayeli PF, Montagnani IM. Gastrointestinal involvement in rheumatoid arthritis: a biopsy study. J Rheumatol. 1979;6:163–73.
10. 10. H Mielants EM Veys R Joos C Cuvelier M Vos De F Proot 1987 Late onset pauciarticular juvenile chronic arthritis: relation to gut inflammation J Rheumatol. 14 459 65 3498032 1:STN:280:DyaL2szhtFCktg%3D%3D Mielants H, Veys EM, Joos R, Cuvelier C, De Vos M, Proot F. Late onset pauciarticular juvenile chronic arthritis: relation to gut inflammation. J Rheumatol. 1987;14:459–65.
11. 11. T Sundqvist F Lindström K-E Magnusson L Sköldstam I Stjernström C Tagesson 1982 Influence of fasting on intestinal permeability and disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis Scand J Rheumatol. 11 33 8 7063809 1:STN:280:DyaL387lt1Khuw%3D%3D Sundqvist T, Lindström F, Magnusson K-E, Sköldstam L, Stjernström I, Tagesson C. Influence of fasting on intestinal permeability and disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Scand J Rheumatol. 1982;11:33–8.
12. 12. MD Smith RA Gibson PM Brooks 1985 Abnormal bowel permeability in ankylosing spondylitis and rheumatoid arthritis J Rheumatol 12 299 305 4032403 1:STN:280:DyaL2M3pt12hsw%3D%3D Smith MD, Gibson RA, Brooks PM. Abnormal bowel permeability in ankylosing spondylitis and rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol. 1985;12:299–305.
13. 13. RT Jenkins PJ Rooney DB Jones KJ Bienenstock RL Goodcare 1987 Increased intestinal permeability in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a side effect of oral nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug therapy? Br J Rheumatol 26 103 7 3103807 10.1093/rheumatology/26.2.103 1:STN:280:DyaL2s7lvVCmtQ%3D%3D Jenkins RT, Rooney PJ, Jones DB, Bienenstock KJ, Goodcare RL. Increased intestinal permeability in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a side effect of oral nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug therapy? Br J Rheumatol. 1987;26:103–7.
14. 14. EJ Israel WA Walker 1988 Host defence development in gut and related disorders Pediatr Clin N Am 35 1 15 1:STN:280:DyaL1c7itlymsA%3D%3D Israel EJ, Walker WA. Host defence development in gut and related disorders. Pediatr Clin N Am. 1988;35:1–15.
15. 15. SA Sarker K Gyr 1992 Non-immunological defence mechanisms of the gut Gut 33 987 93 1644343 1:STN:280:DyaK38zlsV2ktg%3D%3D Sarker SA, Gyr K. Non-immunological defence mechanisms of the gut. Gut 1992;33:987–93.
16. 16. P Brandtzaeg TS Halstensen K Kett 1989 Immunobiology and immunopathology of human gut mucosa: humoral immunity and intraepithelial lymphocytes Gastroenterology 97 1562 84 2684725 1:STN:280:DyaK3c%2FmtVGqug%3D%3D Brandtzaeg P, Halstensen TS, Kett K et al. Immunobiology and immunopathology of human gut mucosa: humoral immunity and intraepithelial lymphocytes. Gastroenterology. 1989;97:1562–84.
17. 17. JDA Gray M Shiner 1967 Influence of gastric pH on gastric and jejunal flora Gut 8 574 81 4865576 1:STN:280:DyaF1c7it1aiuw%3D%3D Gray JDA, Shiner M. Influence of gastric pH on gastric and jejunal flora. Gut. 1967;8:574–81.
18. 18. GL Simon SL Gorbach 1986 The human intestinal microflora Dig Dis Sci 31 Suppl 147S 62S 3731990 10.1007/BF01295996 1:STN:280:DyaL283ntlymug%3D%3D Simon GL, Gorbach SL. The human intestinal microflora. Dig Dis Sci. 1986;31(Suppl):147S-62S.
19. 19. E Isolauri M Juntunen P Sillanaukee T Koivula 1991 A human Lactobacillus strain (Lactobacillus casei sp strain GG) promotes recovery from acute diarrhea in children Pediatrics 88 90 7 1905394 1:STN:280:DyaK3M3nvFegug%3D%3D Isolauri E, Juntunen M, Sillanaukee P, Koivula T. A human Lactobacillus strain (Lactobacillus casei sp strain GG) promotes recovery from acute diarrhea in children. Pediatrics. 1991;88:90–7.
20. 20. E Isolauri H Majamaa T Arvola I Rantala E Virtanen H Arvilommi 1993 Lactobacillus casei strain GG reverses increased intestinal permeability induced by cow milk in suckling rats Gastroenterology 105 1643 50 8253341 1:STN:280:DyaK2c%2FnsVyntg%3D%3D Isolauri E, Majamaa H, Arvola T, Rantala I, Virtanen E, Arvilommi H. Lactobacillus casei strain GG reverses increased intestinal permeability induced by cow milk in suckling rats. Gastroenterology. 1993;105:1643–50.
21. 21. E Isolauri M Kaila H Mykkänen WH Ling S Salminen 1994 Oral bacteriotherapy for viral gastroenteritis Dig Dis Sci 39 2595 600 7995184 10.1007/BF02087695 1:STN:280:DyaK2M%2FoslGjsQ%3D%3D Isolauri E, Kaila M, Mykkänen H, Ling WH, Salminen S. Oral bacteriotherapy for viral gastroenteritis. Dig Dis Sci. 1994;39:2595–600
22. 22. M Kaila E Isolauri E Soppi E Virtanen S Laine H Arvilommi 1992 Enhancement of the circulating antibody secreting cell response in human diarrhea by a human Lactobacillus strain Pediatr Res 32 141 4 1324462 1:STN:280:DyaK38znsFGrtg%3D%3D Kaila M, Isolauri E, Soppi E, Virtanen E, Laine S, Arvilommi H. Enhancement of the circulating antibody secreting cell response in human diarrhea by a human Lactobacillus strain. Pediatr Res. 1992;32:141–4
23. 23. M Malin H Suomalainen M Saxelin E Isolauri 1996 Promotion of IgA immune response in patients with Crohon's disease by oral bacteriotherapy with Lactobacillus GG Ann Nutr Metab 40 137 45 8862696 1:CAS:528:DyaK28XltFGnurc%3D 10.1159/000177907 Malin M, Suomalainen H, Saxelin M, Isolauri E. Promotion of IgA immune response in patients with Crohon's disease by oral bacteriotherapy with Lactobacillus GG. Ann Nutr Metab. 1996;40:137–45.
24. 24. R Fuller 1989 Probiotics in man and animals J Appl Bacteriol 66 365 78 2666378 1:STN:280:DyaL1MzislSqsw%3D%3D Fuller R. Probiotics in man and animals. J Appl Bacteriol. 1989;66:365–78
25. 25. L Björk J Hopman 1991 Significance of the indigenous antimicrobial agents of milk to the dairy industry Bull Int Dairy Federation 246 1 19 Björk L, Hopman J. Significance of the indigenous antimicrobial agents of milk to the dairy industry. Bull Int Dairy Federation. 1991;246:1–19.
26. 26. AS Goldman 1993 The immune system of human milk: antimicrobial, antiinflammatory and immunomodulating properties Pediatr Infect Dis J 12 664 71 8414780 1:STN:280:DyaK2c%2FitFWgtA%3D%3D 10.1097/00006454-199308000-00008 Goldman AS. The immune system of human milk: antimicrobial, antiinflammatory and immunomodulating properties. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1993;12:664–71.
27. 27. C Mietens H Keinhorst 1979 Treatment of infantile E. coli gastroenteritis with specific bovine anti-E. coli milk immunoglobulins Eur J Pediatr. 132 239 52 391575 10.1007/BF00496847 1:STN:280:DyaL3c%2FptFKkuw%3D%3D Mietens C, Keinhorst H. Treatment of infantile E. coli gastroenteritis with specific bovine anti-E. coli milk immunoglobulins. Eur J Pediatr. 1979;132:239–52.
28. 28. H Hilpert H Brüssow C Mietens J Sidoti L Lerner H Werchau 1987 Use of bovine milk concentrate containing antibody to rotavirus to treat rotavirus gastroenteritis in infants J Infect Dis 156 158 66 3110303 1:STN:280:DyaL2s3lt1ersQ%3D%3D Hilpert H, Brüssow H, Mietens C, Sidoti J, Lerner L, Werchau H. Use of bovine milk concentrate containing antibody to rotavirus to treat rotavirus gastroenteritis in infants. J Infect Dis. 1987;156: 158–66.
29. 29. E Isolauri E Virtanen T Jalonen H Arvilommi 1990 Local immune response measured in blood lymphocytes reflects the clinical reactivity of children with cow's milk allergy Pediatr Res 28 582 6 2284153 10.1203/00006450-199012000-00006 1:STN:280:DyaK3M7jtlyjsg%3D%3D Isolauri E, Virtanen E, Jalonen T, Arvilommi H. Local immune response measured in blood lymphocytes reflects the clinical reactivity of children with cow's milk allergy. Pediatr Res. 1990;28:582–6.
30. 30. DE Yocum L Esparza S Dubry JB Benjamin R Volz P Scuder 1989 Characteristics of tumor necrosis factor production in rheumatoid arthritis Cell Immunol 122 131 45 2473844 10.1016/0008-8749(89)90154-8 Yocum DE, Esparza L, Dubry S, Benjamin JB, Volz R, Scuder P. Characteristics of tumor necrosis factor production in rheumatoid arthritis. Cell Immunol. 1989;122:131–45.
31. 31. BS Drasar MJ Hill 1974 Bacterial glycosidases BS Drasar MJ Hill Human Intestinal Flora Academic Press London 54 71 Drasar BS, Hill MJ. Bacterial glycosidases. In: Drasar BS, Hill MJ, eds. Human Intestinal Flora. London: Academic Press: 1974:54–71.
32. 32. R Peltonen E Eerola 1992 Derect automatic bacterial analysis of rat stool samples: the effects of diet and medical treatment studied by computerized gas-liquid chromatography of bacterial fatty acids Microbial Ecol Health Dis 5 93 103 Peltonen R, Eerola E. Derect automatic bacterial analysis of rat stool samples: the effects of diet and medical treatment studied by computerized gas-liquid chromatography of bacterial fatty acids. Microbial Ecol Health Dis. 1992;5:93–103.
33. 33. CP Braegger S Nicholls SH Murch S Stephens TT Macdonald 1992 Tumor necrosis factor alpha in stool as a marker of intestinal inflammation Lancet 339 89 91 1345871 10.1016/0140-6736(92)90999-J 1:STN:280:DyaK38%2FpvFOlsw%3D%3D Braegger CP, Nicholls S, Murch SH, Stephens S, Macdonald TT. Tumor necrosis factor alpha in stool as a marker of intestinal inflammation. Lancet. 1992;339:89–91.
34. 34. DW Thomas FR Sinatra RJ Merritt 1981 Random fecal alpha-1-antitrypsin concentration in children with gastrointestinal disease Gastroenterology 80 776 82 6970702 1:STN:280:DyaL3M7jvFGjtA%3D%3D Thomas DW, Sinatra FR, Merritt RJ. Random fecal alpha-1-antitrypsin concentration in children with gastrointestinal disease. Gastroenterology. 1981;80:776–82.
35. 35. PHN Wood 1978 Nomenclature and classification of arthritis in children E Munthe The Care of Rheumatic Children EULAR Publishers Basle 47 50 Wood PHN. Nomenclature and classification of arthritis in children. In: Munthe E, ed. The Care of Rheumatic Children. Basle: EULAR Publishers; 1978:47–50.
36. 36. DC Donohue M Deighton JT Ahokas S Salminen 1993 Toxicity of lactic acid bacteria S Salminen A Wright von Lactic Acid Bacteria Marcel Dekker Inc. New York 307 13 Donohue DC, Deighton M, Ahokas JT, Salminen S. Toxicity of lactic acid bacteria. In: Salminen S, von Wright A, eds. Lactic Acid Bacteria. New York: Marcel Dekker Inc.; 1993:307–13.
37. 37. HJ Freeman 1986 Effects of differing purified cellulose, pectin, and hemi-cellulose fiber diets on fecal enzymes in 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced rat colon carcinogenesis Cancer Res 46 5529 32 3019527 1:CAS:528:DyaL2sXktFWq Freeman HJ. Effects of differing purified cellulose, pectin, and hemi-cellulose fiber diets on fecal enzymes in 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced rat colon carcinogenesis. Cancer Res. 1986;46:5529–32.
38. 38. OH Lowry NJ Rosenbrough AL Farr RJ Randall 1951 Protein measurement with the folin phenol reagent J Biol Chem 193 265 75 14907713 1:CAS:528:DyaG38XhsVyrsw%3D%3D Lowry OH, Rosenbrough NJ, Farr AL, Randall RJ. Protein measurement with the folin phenol reagent. J Biol Chem. 1951;193:265–75.
39. 39. CW Moss OL Nunez-Montiel 1982 Analysis of short-chain acids from bacteria by gas-liquid chromatography with a fused-silica capillary column J Clin Microbiol 15 308 11 7068826 1:CAS:528:DyaL38Xhtl2jtbg%3D Moss CW, Nunez-Montiel OL. Analysis of short-chain acids from bacteria by gas-liquid chromatography with a fused-silica capillary column. J Clin Microbiol. 1982;15:308–11.
40. 40. A Kantele H Arvilommi I Jokinen 1986 Specific immunoglobulin-secreting human blood cells after peroral vaccination against Salmonella typhi J Infect Dis 158 1126 31 Kantele A, Arvilommi H, Jokinen I. Specific immunoglobulin-secreting human blood cells after peroral vaccination against Salmonella typhi. J Infect Dis. 1986;158:1126–31.
41. 41. BD Forrest 1988 Identification of an intestinal immune response using peripheral blood lymphocytes Lancet i 81 3 10.1016/S0140-6736(88)90284-X Forrest BD. Identification of an intestinal immune response using peripheral blood lymphocytes. Lancet. 1988;i:81–3.
42. 42. C Czerkinsky A-M Svennerholm M Quiding R Jonsson J Holmgren 1991 Antibody-producing cells in peripheral blood and salivary glands after cholera vaccination of humans Infect Immun 59 996 1001 1997444 1:STN:280:DyaK3M7kslantw%3D%3D Czerkinsky C, Svennerholm A-M, Quiding M, Jonsson R, Holmgren J. Antibody-producing cells in peripheral blood and salivary glands after cholera vaccination of humans. Infect Immun. 1991;59: 996–1001.
43. 43. A Kantele 1991 Immune response to prolonged intestinal exposure to antigen Scand J Immunol 33 225 9 2017658 10.1111/j.1365-3083.1991.tb03753.x 1:STN:280:DyaK3M3gsFagtQ%3D%3D Kantele A. Immune response to prolonged intestinal exposure to antigen. Scand J Immunol. 1991;33:225–9.
44. 44. J Mestecky JR McGhee 1987 Immunoglobulin A(IgA): molecular and cellular interactions involved in IgA biosynthesis and immune response FJ Dixon Advances in Immunology Academic Press Florida 153 245 Mestecky J, McGhee JR. Immunoglobulin A(IgA): molecular and cellular interactions involved in IgA biosynthesis and immune response. In: Dixon FJ, ed. Advances in Immunology. Florida: Academic Press; 1987:153–245.
45. 45. BR Goldin SL Gorbach M Saxelin S Barakat L Gualtieri S Salminen 1992 Survival of Lactobacillus species (strain GG) in human gastrointestinal tract Dig Dis Sci 37 121 8 1728516 10.1007/BF01308354 1:STN:280:DyaK38%2FpslCntQ%3D%3D Goldin BR, Gorbach SL, Saxelin M, Barakat S, Gualtieri L, Salminen S. Survival of Lactobacillus species (strain GG) in human gastrointestinal tract. Dig Dis Sci. 1992;37:121–8.
46. 46. S Elso M Saxelin S Salminen 1991 Attachment of Lactobacillus casei strain GG to human colon carcinoma cell line Caco-2: comparison with other dairy strains Lett Appl Microbiol 13 154 6 Elso S, Saxelin M, Salminen S. Attachment of Lactobacillus casei strain GG to human colon carcinoma cell line Caco-2: comparison with other dairy strains. Lett Appl Microbiol. 1991;13:154–6.
47. 47. M Saxelin S Elo S Salminen H Vapaatalo 1991 Dose response colonisation of faeces after oral administration of Lactobacillus casei strain GG Microbial Ecol Health Dis 4 209 14 10.3109/08910609109140144 Saxelin M, Elo S, Salminen S, Vapaatalo H. Dose response colonisation of faeces after oral administration of Lactobacillus casei strain GG. Microbial Ecol Health Dis. 1991;4:209–14.
48. 48. MJ Hill BS Drasar 1995 The normal colonic bacterial flora Gut 16 318 23 Hill MJ, Drasar BS. The normal colonic bacterial flora. Gut. 1995;16:318–23.
49. 49. Gl Simon SL Gorbach 1984 Intestinal flora in health and disease Gastroenterology 86 174 93 6357937 1:STN:280:DyaL2c%2FlvV2gtA%3D%3D Simon Gl, Gorbach SL. Intestinal flora in health and disease. Gastroenterology. 1984;86:174–93.
50. 50. HLT Mobley RP Hausinger 1989 Microbial ureases: significance, regulation, and molecular characterization Microbiol Rev 53 85 108 2651866 1:CAS:528:DyaL1MXhs1yktrk%3D Mobley HLT, Hausinger RP. Microbial ureases: significance, regulation, and molecular characterization. Microbiol Rev. 1989;53:85–108.
51. 51. M Malin P Verronen H Mykkänen S Salminen E Isolauri 1996 Increased bacterial urease activity in faeces in juvenile chronic arthritis: evidence of altered intestinal microflora? Br J Rheumatol 35 689 94 8670606 10.1093/rheumatology/35.7.689 1:STN:280:DyaK28zgt1Cqtw%3D%3D Malin M, Verronen P, Mykkänen H, Salminen S, Isolauri E. Increased bacterial urease activity in faeces in juvenile chronic arthritis: evidence of altered intestinal microflora? Br J Rheumatol. 1996;35:689–94.
52. 52. WH Ling M Saxelin O Hänninen S Salminen 1994 Enzyme profile of Lactobacillus strain GG by a rapid API ZYM system: a comparison of intestinal bacterial strains Microbial Ecol Health Dis 7 99 104 Ling WH, Saxelin M, Hänninen O, Salminen S. Enzyme profile of Lactobacillus strain GG by a rapid API ZYM system: a comparison of intestinal bacterial strains. Microbial Ecol Health Dis. 1994;7:99–104.
53. 53. H Majamaa A Miettinen S Laine E Isolauri 1996 Intestinal inflammation in children with atopic eczema: faecal eosinophil cationic protein and tumor necrosis factor-α as noninvasive indicators of food allergy Clin Exp Allergy 26 181 7 8835126 10.1111/j.1365-2222.1996.tb00078.x 1:STN:280:DyaK28vjt1Slsg%3D%3D Majamaa H, Miettinen A, Laine S, Isolauri E. Intestinal inflammation in children with atopic eczema: faecal eosinophil cationic protein and tumor necrosis factor-α as noninvasive indicators of food allergy. Clin Exp Allergy. 1996;26:181–7.
54. 54. RJ Stolle LR Beck 1988 Prevention and treatment of rheumatoid arthritis United States patent number 4 732 732 Stolle RJ, Beck LR. Prevention and treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. United States patent number 1988;4, 732, 757.
55. 55. DJ Ormrod TE Miller 1992 A low molecular weight component derived from the milk of hyperimmunized cows suppresses inflammation by inhibiting neutrophil emigration Agents. Action 37 70 9 10.1007/BF01987892 1:STN:280:DyaK3s%2FovFaisw%3D%3D Ormrod DJ, Miller TE. A low molecular weight component derived from the milk of hyperimmunized cows suppresses inflammation by inhibiting neutrophil emigration. Agents. Action. 1992;37:70–9.
56. 56. RE McClead SA Gregory 1984 Resistance of bovine colostral anti-cholera toxin antibody to in vitro and in vivo proteolysis Infect Immun 44 474 8 6425223 1:CAS:528:DyaL2cXktVGhtLo%3D McClead RE, Gregory SA. Resistance of bovine colostral anti-cholera toxin antibody to in vitro and in vivo proteolysis. Infect Immun. 1984;44:474–8.
57. 57. K Nomoto Y Matsuoka K Hayakawa 1992 Antibacterial effect of bovine milk antibody against Eschericia coli in a mouse indigenous infection model Med Microbiol Immunol 181 87 98 1406460 10.1007/BF00189427 1:CAS:528:DyaK3sXlt1Kq Nomoto K, Matsuoka Y, Hayakawa K et al. Antibacterial effect of bovine milk antibody against Eschericia coli in a mouse indigenous infection model. Med Microbiol Immunol. 1992;181:87–98.
58. 58. T Kobayashi T Ohmori M Yanai G Kawanishi Y Yoshikai K Nomoto 1991 Protective effect of orally administering immune milk on endogenous infection in X-irradiated mice Agric Biol Chem 55 2265 72 Kobayashi T, Ohmori T, Yanai M, Kawanishi G, Yoshikai Y, Nomoto K. Protective effect of orally administering immune milk on endogenous infection in X-irradiated mice. Agric Biol Chem. 1991;55:2265–72.
59. 59. A Ishida Y Yoshikai S Murosaki Y Hidaka K Nomoto 1992 Administration of milk from cows immunized with intestinal bacteria protects mice from radiation-induced lethality Biotherapy 5 215 25 1419469 10.1007/BF02171054 1:STN:280:DyaK3s%2FktVynsA%3D%3D Ishida A, Yoshikai Y, Murosaki S, Hidaka Y, Nomoto K. Administration of milk from cows immunized with intestinal bacteria protects mice from radiation-induced lethality. Biotherapy. 1992;5:215–25.