Geochemistry of amphibolites and quartzofeldspathic gneisses in the Pan-African Zambezi belt, northwest Zimbabwe: Evidence for bimodal magmatism in a continental rift setting

Precambrian Research

Volumn 81, Issue 3-4, 1997, Pages 179-196

  Munyanyiwa, Hubert ^a   Hanson, Richard E ^b   Blenkinsop, Thomas G ^a   Treloar, Peter J ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ZIMBABWE   (Zimbabwe)

^b TEXAS CHRISTIAN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c KINGSTON UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Amphibolites; Geochemistry; Makuti group; Pan African; Quartzofeldspathic gneisses; Zambezi belt

Indexed keywords

AMPHIBOLITE; BIMODAL MAGMATISM; GEOCHEMISTRY; GNEISS; PAN AFRICAN OROGENY; RIFTING;

ZAMBIA, ZAMBEZI BELT; ZIMBABWE, ZAMBEZI BELT;

EID: 0030833121     PISSN: 03019268     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/s0301-9268(96)00034-4     Document Type: Article

References (58)

1. Bache, J.J., Dallas, S. and Milian, J.F., 1984. A preliminary report on the geology of the country around Centenary and Mount Darwin. Ann. Geol. Surv. Zimbabwe IX (for 1983): 34-58.
2. Barberi, F., Santacroce, R. and Varet, J., 1982. Chemical aspects of rift magmatism. In: G. Palmason (Editor), Continental and Oceanic Rifts. Am. Geophys. Union Geodyn. Ser., 8: 223-258.
3. Barr, M.W.C., Cahen, L. and Ledent, D., 1978. Geochronology of syntectonic granites from central Zambia: Lusaka Granite and granite NE of Rufunsa. Ann. Soc. Géol. Belg., 100: 47-54.
4. Barth, T.F.W., 1959. Principles of classification and norm calculations of metamorphic rocks. J. Geol., 67: 135-152.
5. Barton, C.M., Carney, J.N., Crow, M.J., Dunkley, P.N. and Simango, S., 1991. The geology of the country around Rushinga and Nyamapanda. Bull. Geol. Surv. Zimbabwe, 92, 220 pp.
6. Barton, C.M., Carney, J.N., Crow, M.J., Evans, J.A. and Simango, S., 1993. Geology and structural framework of the Zwnbezi belt, northeastern Zimbabwe. In: R.H. Findlay, R. Unrug, M.R. Banks and J.J. Veevers (Editors), Gondwana Eight: Assembly, Evolution and Dispersal. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, pp. 55-68.
7. BVSP (Basaltic Volcanism Study Project), 1981. Basaltic Volcanism on the Terrestrial Planets. Pergamon Press, New York, 1286 pp.
8. Broderick, T.J., 1976. Explanation of the geological map of the country east of Kariba. Short Report Geol. Surv. Rhodesia, 43, 98 pp.
9. Broderick, T.J., 1981. The Zambezi metamorphic belt in Zimbabwe. In: D.R. Hunter (Editor), Precambrian of the Southern Hemisphere. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 739-743.
10. Burke, K., Dewey, J.F. and Kidd, W.S.F, 1977. World distribution of sutures - the sites of former oceans. Tectonophysics, 40: 69-99.
11. Carl, J.D., 1988. Popple Hill Gneiss as dacite volcanics: a geochemical study of mesosome and leucosome, northwest Adirondacks, New York. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 100: 841-849.
12. Condie, K.C., 1989. Plate Tectonics and Crustal Evolution. Pergamon Press, New York, 476 pp.
13. Coward, M.C. and Daly, M.C., 1984. Crustal lineaments and shear zones in Africa: their relationship to plate movements. Precambrian Res., 24: 27-45.
14. Daly, M.C., 1986. Crustal shear zones and thrust belts: Their geometry and continuity in central Africa. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London, A317: 111-128.
15. Daly, M.C., 1988. Crustal shear zones in central Africa: a kinematic approach to Proterozoic tectonics. Episodes, 11: 5-11.
16. de Swardt, A.M.J., Garrard, P. and Simpson, J.G., 1965. Major zones of transcurrent dislocation and superposition of orogenic belts in part of central Africa. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 76: 89-102.
17. Drysdall, A.R. and Stiliman, C.J., 1966. Scapolite from the Katanga carbonate rocks of Lusaka District. Geol. Surv. Zambia Rec., 10: 20-24.
18. Erlank, A.J., Smith, H.S., Marchant, J.W., Cardoso, M.P. and Ahrens, L.H., 1978. Zirconium. In: K.H. Wedepohl (Editor), Handbook of Geochemistry, II-4. Springer, Berlin, Ch. 40.
19. Fey, P. and Broderick, T.J., 1990. Explanation of the geological map of the country east of Makuti, Hurungwe District. Short Report, Geol. Sury. Zimbabwe, 47, 84 pp.
20. Floyd, P.A. and Winchester, J.A., 1975. Magma type and tectonic setting discrimination using immobile elements. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 27: 211-218.
21. Grauch, L., 1989. Rare earth elements in metamorphic rocks. In: B.R. Lipin and G.A. McKay (Editors), Geochemistry and Mineralogy of Rare Earth Elements. Rev. Mineral., 21: 147-167.
22. Hahn, L. and Steiner, L., 1990. Geology and Mineral Prospecting in the Makonde and Guruve Districts, Zimbabwe. Technical Cooperation Report, Hannover, 296 pp
23. Hanson, R.E., Wilson, T.J. and Wardlaw, M.S., 1988a. Deformed batholiths in the Pan-African Zambezi belt, Zambia: age and implications for regional Proterozoic tectonics. Geology, 16: 1134-1137.
24. Hanson, R.E., Wilson, T.J., Brucckncr, H.K., Onstott, T.C., Wardlaw, M.S., Johns, C.C. and Hardcastle, K.C., 1988b. Reconnaissance geochronology, tectonothermal evolution, and regional significance of the Middle Proterozoic Choma-Kalomo block, southern Zambia. Precambrian Res., 42: 39-61.
25. Hanson, R.E., Wilson, T.J. and Munyanyiwa, H., 1994. Geologic evolution of the Neoproterozoic Zambezi orogenic belt in Zambia. J. Aft. Earth Sci., 18: 135-150.
26. Irvine, T.N. and Baragar, W.R.A.. 1971. A guide to chemical classification of the common volcanic rocks. Can. J. Earth Sci., 8: 523-548.
27. Leat, P.T., Jackson, S.E., Thorpe, R.S. and. Stillman, C.J., 1986. Geochemistry of bimodal basalt-subalkaline/peralkaline rhyolite provinces within the southern British Caledonides. J. Geol. Soc. London, 143: 259-273.
28. Loney, PE., 1969. 'Me Geology of the Kariba District, Rhodesia With Special Reference to Geochronology and Amphibolite Petwhmffistry. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Leeds, Leeds, 110 pp.
29. Master, S., 1991. Stratigraphy, tectonic setting, and mineralization of the Early Proterozoic Magondi Supergroup, Zimbabwe. A review. Econ. Geol. Res. Unit Univ. Witwatersrand Inf. Circ., 238, 75 pp.
30. Masuda, A., Nakamura, N. and Tanaka, T., 1973. Fine structures of mutually normalized rare-earth patterns of chondrites. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 37: 239-248.
31. 39Ar studies of late Kibaran intrusives in Burundi, east Africa: implications for Late Proterozoic supercontinents. J. Geol., 102: 621-637.
32. Meschede, M., 1986. A method of discriminating between different types of mid-ocean ridge basalts and continental tholeiites with the Nb-Zr-Y diagram. Chem. Geol., 56: 207-218.
33. Munyanyiwa, H., 1990. Mineral assemblages in calc-silicates and marbles in the Zambezi mobile belt: Their implications on mineral-forming reactions during metamorphism. J. Afr. Earth Sci., 10: 693-700.
34. Munyanyiwa, H., 1995. The Metamorphic and Structural Geology and Geochronology of the Magondi and Zambezi Mobile Belts, Northwestern Zimbabwe. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, 416 pp.
35. Munyanyiwa, H. and Hanson, R.E., 1988. Geochemistry of marbles and calc-silicate rocks in the Pan-African Zambezi belt, Zambia. Precambrian Res., 38: 177-200.
36. Munyanyiwa, H. and Blenldnsop, T.G., 1994. Pan- African structures and metamorphism within the Makuti Group, NW Zimbabwe. J. Afr. Earth Sci., 19: 185-198.
37. Munyanyiwa, H. and Walsh, K.L., 1994. Mineral chemistry of the Zambezi belt calc-silicates and metabasic rocks: implications for fluid-rock interaction during metamorphism. Geological Society and Geological Survey of Namibia, Abstracts for Conference on Proterozoic Crustal and Metallogenic Evolution, Windhoek, Namibia, 29th August-1st September, 1994, p. 51.
38. Munyanyiwa, H., Kröner, A. and Jaeckel, P., 1995. U-Pb and Pb-Pb single zircon ages for charno-enderbites fioni the Magondi mobile belt, northwest Zimbabwe. S. Afr. J. Geol., 98:52-57.
39. Nesbitt, H.W. and Young, G.M., 1982. Early Proterozoic climates and plate motions inferred from major element chemistry of lutites. Nature, 299: 715-717.
40. Passchier, C.W., Myers, J.S. and Kröner, A., 1990. Field Geology of High-Grade Terrains. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 150 pp.
41. Pearce, J.A., 1982. Trace element characteristics of lavas from destructive plate boundaries. In: R.S. Thorpe (Editor), Andesites: Orogenic Andesites and Related Rocks. Wiley, Chichester, pp. 525-548.
42. Pearce, J.A., Harris, N.B.W. and Tindle, A.G., 1984. Trace element discrimination diagrams for the tectonic interpretation of granitic rocks. J. Petrol., 25: 956-983.
43. Pearce, J.A. and Norry, M.J., 1979. Petrogenetic implications of Ti, Zr, Y, and Nb variations in volcanic rocks. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 69: 33-47.
44. Porada, H., 1989. Pan-African rafting and orogenesis in southern to equatorial Africa and eastern Brazil. Precambrian Res., 44: 103-136.
45. Prost, A.E., 1982. A preliminary report on the geology of the country north of Centenary. Ann. Geol. Sury. Zimbabwe, VII (for 1981): 20-27.
46. 39Ar dating of 1.0-1.1 Ga magnetizations from the São Francisco and Kalahari Cratons: tectonic implications for Pan-African and Brasiliano mobile belts. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 101: 349-366.
47. Shackleton, R.M., 1973. Correlation of structures across Precarnbrian orogenic belts in Africa. In: D.H. Tarling and S.K. Runcom (Editors), Implications of Continental Drift to the Earth Sciences. Academic Press, London, 2: 1091-1095.
48. Shaw, D.M., 1972. The origin of the Apsley Gneiss, Ontario. Can. J. Earth. Sci., 9: 18-35.
49. Smith, A.G., 1963. The geology of the country around Mazabuka and Kafue: explanation of degree sheets 1527, SE Quarter and 1528, SW Quarter. Rep. Geol. Surv. N. Rhodesia, 2, 32 pp.
50. Stern, RJ., 1994. Arc assembly and continental collision in Neoproterozoic East African orogen: implications for the consolidation of Gondwanaland. Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci., 22: 319-351.
51. Treloar, P.J., 1988. The geological evolution of the Magondi mobile belt, Zimbabwe. Precainbrian Res., 38: 55-73.
52. Unrug, R., 1983. The Lufilian arc: a microplate in the Pan-African collision zone of the Congo and Kalahari cratons. Precambrian Res., 21: 181-196.
53. van de Kamp, P.C. and Beakhouse, G.P., 1979. Paragneisses in the Pakwash Lake area, English River Gneiss Belt, Northwest Ontario. Can. J. Earth Sci., 16: 175-1763.
54. Wang, P. and Glover, L., 1992. A tectonics test of the most commonly used geochemical discriminant diagrams and patterns. Earth Sci. Rev., 33: 111-131.
55. Wemer, C.D., 1987. Saxonian granulites-igneous or lithogenous. A contribution to the geochemical diagnosis of the original rocks in high grade metamorphic complexes. In: H. Gerstenberger (Editor), Contribution to the Geology of the Saxonian Granulite Massif (Sächsisches Granulitgebirge) Zfl. Mitt., 133: 221-250.
56. Wilson, M., 1989. Igneous Petrogenesis: A Global Tectonic Approach. Unwin Hyman, London, 466 pp.
57. Wilson, T.J., Hanson, R.E. and Wardlaw, M.S., 1993. Late Proterozoic evolution of the Zambezi belt, Zambia: implications for regional Pan-African and shear displacement in Gondwana. In: R.H. Findlay, R. Unrug, M.R. Banks and Veevers, J.J. (Editors), Gondwana Eight: Assembly, Evolution and Dispersal. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, pp. 69-82.
58. Winchester, J.A. and Floyd, P.A.. 1977. Geochemical discrimination of different magma series and their differentiation products using immobile elements. Chem. Geol., 20: 325-343.