메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 38, Issue 3, 1997, Pages 351-363

How specific are 'Specific developmental disorders'? The relevance of the concept of specific developmental disorders for the classification of childhood developmental disorders

Author keywords

Classification; DSM; ICD 10; Specific developmental disabilities

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; COMMUNICATION DISORDER; DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER; DISEASE CLASSIFICATION; HUMAN; LEARNING DISORDER; MOTOR COORDINATION; MOTOR PERFORMANCE; SCORING SYSTEM; SPEECH DEVELOPMENT; STANDARDIZATION;

EID: 0030824712     PISSN: 00219630     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01519.x     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (15)

References (92)
  • 2
  • 7
    • 0026953404 scopus 로고
    • The validity of discrepancy criteria for identifying children with developmental language disorders
    • Aram, D., Morris, R. & Hall, N. (1992). The validity of discrepancy criteria for identifying children with developmental language disorders. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 25, 549-554.
    • (1992) Journal of Learning Disabilities , vol.25 , pp. 549-554
    • Aram, D.1    Morris, R.2    Hall, N.3
  • 8
    • 0002206241 scopus 로고
    • Do dyslexic and other poor readers differ in reading-related cognitive skills?
    • Badian, N. A. (1994). Do dyslexic and other poor readers differ in reading-related cognitive skills? Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 6, 45-63.
    • (1994) Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal , vol.6 , pp. 45-63
    • Badian, N.A.1
  • 9
    • 0029686860 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dyslexia: A validation of the concept at two age levels
    • Badian, N. A. (1996). Dyslexia: A validation of the concept at two age levels. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 29, 102-112.
    • (1996) Journal of Learning Disabilities , vol.29 , pp. 102-112
    • Badian, N.A.1
  • 10
    • 0018176593 scopus 로고
    • Reliability of the Group for Advancement of Psychiatry diagnostic categories in child psychiatry
    • Beitchman, J. H., Dielman, T. E., Landis, J. R., Benson, R. M. & Kemp, P. L. (1978). Reliability of the Group for Advancement of Psychiatry diagnostic categories in child psychiatry. Archives of General Psychiatry, 35, 1461-1466.
    • (1978) Archives of General Psychiatry , vol.35 , pp. 1461-1466
    • Beitchman, J.H.1    Dielman, T.E.2    Landis, J.R.3    Benson, R.M.4    Kemp, P.L.5
  • 12
    • 0002865161 scopus 로고
    • Developmental disorders of speech and language
    • M. Rutter, E. Taylor & L. Hersov (Eds.), Oxford: Blackwell
    • Bishop, D. V. M. (1994). Developmental disorders of speech and language. In M. Rutter, E. Taylor & L. Hersov (Eds.), Child and adolescent psychiatry. Modern approaches (pp. 546-568). Oxford: Blackwell.
    • (1994) Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. Modern Approaches , pp. 546-568
    • Bishop, D.V.M.1
  • 14
    • 0003030808 scopus 로고
    • Classification: Conceptual issues and substantive findings
    • M. Rutter, E. Taylor & L. Hersov (Eds.), Oxford: Blackwell
    • Cantwell, D. P. & Rutter, M. (1994). Classification: Conceptual issues and substantive findings. In M. Rutter, E. Taylor & L. Hersov (Eds.), Child and adolescent psychiatry, modern approaches (pp. 3-22). Oxford: Blackwell.
    • (1994) Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Modern Approaches , pp. 3-22
    • Cantwell, D.P.1    Rutter, M.2
  • 15
    • 0027438787 scopus 로고
    • The relationship between speech-language impairments and reading disabilities
    • Catts, H. W. (1993). The relationship between speech-language impairments and reading disabilities. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 36, 948-958.
    • (1993) Journal of Speech and Hearing Research , vol.36 , pp. 948-958
    • Catts, H.W.1
  • 16
    • 0019504569 scopus 로고
    • Bimodality and the nature of depression
    • Everitt, B. S. (1981). Bimodality and the nature of depression. British Journal of Psychiatry, 138, 336-339.
    • (1981) British Journal of Psychiatry , vol.138 , pp. 336-339
    • Everitt, B.S.1
  • 17
  • 18
    • 0026861796 scopus 로고
    • A reading level match study of nonword reading skills in poor readers with varying IQ
    • Felton, R. H. & Wood, F. B. (1992). A reading level match study of nonword reading skills in poor readers with varying IQ. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 25, 318-326.
    • (1992) Journal of Learning Disabilities , vol.25 , pp. 318-326
    • Felton, R.H.1    Wood, F.B.2
  • 21
    • 84935009375 scopus 로고
    • Reading processes in specific reading retarded and reading backward 13-year-olds
    • Fredman, G., & Stevenson, J. (1988). Reading processes in specific reading retarded and reading backward 13-year-olds. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 1, 329-342.
    • (1988) British Journal of Developmental Psychology , vol.1 , pp. 329-342
    • Fredman, G.1    Stevenson, J.2
  • 22
    • 0342344251 scopus 로고
    • A reliability study of psychiatric diagnosis in childhood and adolescence
    • Freeman, M. (1971). A reliability study of psychiatric diagnosis in childhood and adolescence. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 12, 43-54.
    • (1971) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry , vol.12 , pp. 43-54
    • Freeman, M.1
  • 23
    • 85066240214 scopus 로고
    • Beneath the surface of developmental dyslexia
    • K. E. Patterson, J. C. Marshall & M. Coltheart (Eds.), London: Erlbaum
    • Frith, U. (1985). Beneath the surface of developmental dyslexia. In K. E. Patterson, J. C. Marshall & M. Coltheart (Eds.), Surface dyslexia: Neuropsychological and cognitive studies of phonological reading (pp. 301-331). London: Erlbaum.
    • (1985) Surface Dyslexia: Neuropsychological and Cognitive Studies of Phonological Reading , pp. 301-331
    • Frith, U.1
  • 31
    • 0022645113 scopus 로고
    • Cognitive factors at school entry predictive of specific reading retardation and general reading backwardness: A research note
    • Jorm, A., Share, D., Maclean, R. & Matthews, R. (1986). Cognitive factors at school entry predictive of specific reading retardation and general reading backwardness: A research note. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 27, 45-54.
    • (1986) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry , vol.27 , pp. 45-54
    • Jorm, A.1    Share, D.2    Maclean, R.3    Matthews, R.4
  • 32
    • 0001887483 scopus 로고
    • Setting the record straight on learning disability and low achievement: Implications for policymaking
    • Kavale, K. A., Fuchs, D. & Scruggs, T. E. (1994). Setting the record straight on learning disability and low achievement: Implications for policymaking. Learning Disabilities Research and Practice, 9, 70-77.
    • (1994) Learning Disabilities Research and Practice , vol.9 , pp. 70-77
    • Kavale, K.A.1    Fuchs, D.2    Scruggs, T.E.3
  • 34
    • 0004110158 scopus 로고
    • Doctoral dissertation. Rotterdam: Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam
    • Koot, J. M. (1993). Problem behavior in Dutch preschoolers. Doctoral dissertation. Rotterdam: Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam.
    • (1993) Problem Behavior in Dutch Preschoolers
    • Koot, J.M.1
  • 35
    • 0006093045 scopus 로고
    • Differential prognosis of reading-disabled children as a function of gender, socio-economic status, IQ, and severity: A longitudinal study
    • Labuda, M. & DeFries, J. C. (1989). Differential prognosis of reading-disabled children as a function of gender, socio-economic status, IQ, and severity: A longitudinal study. Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 1, 25-36.
    • (1989) Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal , vol.1 , pp. 25-36
    • Labuda, M.1    Defries, J.C.2
  • 37
    • 0342779271 scopus 로고
    • Two cases of congenital aphasia in children
    • McCall, E. (1911). Two cases of congenital aphasia in children. British Medical Journal, 110, 1407.
    • (1911) British Medical Journal , vol.110 , pp. 1407
    • McCall, E.1
  • 38
    • 0022777046 scopus 로고
    • The relationship between specific reading retardation, general reading backwardness and behavioural problems in a large sample of Dunedin boys: A longitudinal study from five to eleven years
    • McGee, R., Williams, S., Share, D. I., Anderson, J. & Silva, P. A. (1986). The relationship between specific reading retardation, general reading backwardness and behavioural problems in a large sample of Dunedin boys: A longitudinal study from five to eleven years. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 27, 597-610.
    • (1986) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry , vol.27 , pp. 597-610
    • McGee, R.1    Williams, S.2    Share, D.I.3    Anderson, J.4    Silva, P.A.5
  • 40
    • 0000824206 scopus 로고
    • Causal modeling: A structural approach to developmental psychopathology
    • D. Cicchetti & D. J. Cohen (Eds.), New York: Wiley
    • Morton, J. & Frith, U. (1995). Causal modeling: A structural approach to developmental psychopathology. In D. Cicchetti & D. J. Cohen (Eds.), Developmental psychopathology, Vol. I (pp. 357-391). New York: Wiley.
    • (1995) Developmental Psychopathology , vol.1 , pp. 357-391
    • Morton, J.1    Frith, U.2
  • 41
    • 0026953405 scopus 로고
    • External validity of age versus IQ discrepant definitions of reading disability : Lessons from a twin study
    • Pennington, B. F., Gilger, J. W., Olson, K. R. & DeFries, J. C. (1992). External validity of age versus IQ discrepant definitions of reading disability : Lessons from a twin study. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 25, 562-573.
    • (1992) Journal of Learning Disabilities , vol.25 , pp. 562-573
    • Pennington, B.F.1    Gilger, J.W.2    Olson, K.R.3    DeFries, J.C.4
  • 42
    • 0027930173 scopus 로고
    • The ICD-10 clinical field trial for mental and behavioral disorders: Results in Canada and the United States
    • Regier, D. A., Kaelber, C. T., Roper, M. T., Rae, D. S. & Sartorius, N. (1994). The ICD-10 clinical field trial for mental and behavioral disorders: Results in Canada and the United States. American Journal of Psychiatry, 151, 1340-1350.
    • (1994) American Journal of Psychiatry , vol.151 , pp. 1340-1350
    • Regier, D.A.1    Kaelber, C.T.2    Roper, M.T.3    Rae, D.S.4    Sartorius, N.5
  • 43
    • 0002217411 scopus 로고
    • German study of ICD-9
    • M. Rutter, A. H. Tuma & J. S. Lann (Eds.), London: David Fulton
    • Remschmidt, H. (1988). German study of ICD-9. In M. Rutter, A. H. Tuma & J. S. Lann (Eds.), Assessment and diagnosis in child psychopathology (pp. 66-83). London: David Fulton.
    • (1988) Assessment and Diagnosis in Child Psychopathology , pp. 66-83
    • Remschmidt, H.1
  • 46
    • 84970137999 scopus 로고
    • Critical measurement issues in learning disabilities
    • Reynolds, C. R. (1984). Critical measurement issues in learning disabilities. Journal of Special Education, 18, 451-476.
    • (1984) Journal of Special Education , vol.18 , pp. 451-476
    • Reynolds, C.R.1
  • 47
    • 0009009843 scopus 로고
    • The identification of specific reading disorders: Measuring a severe discrepancy
    • G. T. Pavlides (Ed.), New York: Wiley
    • Rispens, J. & van Yperen, T. A. (1990). The identification of specific reading disorders: Measuring a severe discrepancy. In G. T. Pavlides (Ed.), Perspectives on dyslexia. Vol. 2. (pp. 17-42) New York: Wiley.
    • (1990) Perspectives on Dyslexia , vol.2 , pp. 17-42
    • Rispens, J.1    Van Yperen, T.A.2
  • 48
    • 0026210085 scopus 로고
    • The irrelevance of IQ to the definition of learning disabilities: Some empirical evidence
    • Rispens, J., van Yperen, T. A. & Van Duijn, G. A. (1990). The irrelevance of IQ to the definition of learning disabilities: Some empirical evidence. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 24, 434-138.
    • (1990) Journal of Learning Disabilities , vol.24 , pp. 434-1138
    • Rispens, J.1    Van Yperen, T.A.2    Van Duijn, G.A.3
  • 49
    • 0020850916 scopus 로고
    • The identification and prevalence of specific reading retardation
    • Rodgers, B. (1983). The identification and prevalence of specific reading retardation. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 53, 369-373.
    • (1983) British Journal of Educational Psychology , vol.53 , pp. 369-373
    • Rodgers, B.1
  • 50
    • 0018533161 scopus 로고
    • A comparison of DSM-II and DSM-III in the diagnosis of childhood psychiatric disorders
    • Russell, A. T., Cantwell, D. P., Mattison, R. & Will, L. (1979). A comparison of DSM-II and DSM-III in the diagnosis of childhood psychiatric disorders. Archives of General Psychiatry, 36, 1223-1226.
    • (1979) Archives of General Psychiatry , vol.36 , pp. 1223-1226
    • Russell, A.T.1    Cantwell, D.P.2    Mattison, R.3    Will, L.4
  • 51
    • 0024691046 scopus 로고
    • Annotation: Child psychiatric disorders in ICD-10
    • Rutter, M. (1989). Annotation: Child psychiatric disorders in ICD-10. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 30, 499-513.
    • (1989) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry , vol.30 , pp. 499-513
    • Rutter, M.1
  • 53
    • 0008218603 scopus 로고
    • Language disorders associated with psychiatric disturbance
    • W. Yule & M. Rutter (Eds.), London: Mac Keith Press
    • Rutter, M. & Lord, C. (1987). Language disorders associated with psychiatric disturbance. In W. Yule & M. Rutter (Eds.), Language development and disorders (pp. 206-233). London: Mac Keith Press.
    • (1987) Language Development and Disorders , pp. 206-233
    • Rutter, M.1    Lord, C.2
  • 54
    • 0015828308 scopus 로고
    • An evaluation of the proposal for a multi-axial classification of child psychiatric disorders
    • Rutter, M., Shaffer, D. & Shepherd, M. (1973). An evaluation of the proposal for a multi-axial classification of child psychiatric disorders. Psychological Medicine, 3, 244-250.
    • (1973) Psychological Medicine , vol.3 , pp. 244-250
    • Rutter, M.1    Shaffer, D.2    Shepherd, M.3
  • 57
    • 0006619323 scopus 로고
    • Neurological aspects of intellectual retardation and specific reading retardation
    • M. Rutter, J. Tizard & K. Whitmore (Eds.), London: Longman
    • Rutter, M. & Yule, W. (1970). Neurological aspects of intellectual retardation and specific reading retardation. In M. Rutter, J. Tizard & K. Whitmore (Eds.), Education, health and behaviour (pp. 54-74). London: Longman.
    • (1970) Education, Health and Behaviour , pp. 54-74
    • Rutter, M.1    Yule, W.2
  • 58
    • 0010091556 scopus 로고
    • Specific reading retardation
    • L. Mann & D. A. Sabatino (Eds.), Philadelphia: JSE Press
    • Rutter, M. & Yule, W. (1973). Specific reading retardation. In L. Mann & D. A. Sabatino (Eds.), The first review of special education (pp. 1-51). Philadelphia: JSE Press.
    • (1973) The First Review of Special Education , pp. 1-51
    • Rutter, M.1    Yule, W.2
  • 61
    • 0029099725 scopus 로고
    • Progress toward achieving a common language in psychiatry, II: Results from the international field trials of the ICD-10 diagnostic criteria for research for mental and behavioral disorders
    • Sartorius, N., Üstün, B., Korten, A., Cooper, J. E. & Van Drimmelen, J. (1995). Progress toward achieving a common language in psychiatry, II: Results from the international field trials of the ICD-10 diagnostic criteria for research for mental and behavioral disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry, 152, 1427-1437.
    • (1995) American Journal of Psychiatry , vol.152 , pp. 1427-1437
    • Sartorius, N.1    Üstün, B.2    Korten, A.3    Cooper, J.E.4    Van Drimmelen, J.5
  • 62
    • 0025579709 scopus 로고
    • Very early language deficits in dyslexic children
    • Scarborough, H. S. (1990). Very early language deficits in dyslexic children. Child Development, 61, 1728-1743.
    • (1990) Child Development , vol.61 , pp. 1728-1743
    • Scarborough, H.S.1
  • 63
    • 84936446329 scopus 로고
    • Word recognition processes of poor and disabled readers : Do they necessarily differ?
    • Seidenberg, M. S., Bruck, M., Fornarolo, G. & Backman, J. (1985). Word recognition processes of poor and disabled readers : Do they necessarily differ? Applied Psycholinguistics, 6, 161-180.
    • (1985) Applied Psycholinguistics , vol.6 , pp. 161-180
    • Seidenberg, M.S.1    Bruck, M.2    Fornarolo, G.3    Backman, J.4
  • 66
    • 84935002308 scopus 로고
    • Further evidence relating to the distinction between specific reading retardation and general reading backwardness
    • Share, D. L., McGee, R., McKenzie, D., Williams, S. & Silva, P. (1987). Further evidence relating to the distinction between specific reading retardation and general reading backwardness. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 5, 35-44.
    • (1987) British Journal of Developmental Psychology , vol.5 , pp. 35-44
    • Share, D.L.1    McGee, R.2    McKenzie, D.3    Williams, S.4    Silva, P.5
  • 67
    • 0022671630 scopus 로고
    • The stability and classification of specific reading retardation: A longitudinal study from age 7 to age 11
    • Share, D. L. & Silva, P.A. (1986). The stability and classification of specific reading retardation: A longitudinal study from age 7 to age 11. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 56, 32-39.
    • (1986) British Journal of Educational Psychology , vol.56 , pp. 32-39
    • Share, D.L.1    Silva, P.A.2
  • 69
    • 33645174874 scopus 로고
    • Distribution and temporal stability of dyslexia in an epidemiological sample of 414 children followed longitudinally
    • Shaywitz, S. E., Escobar, M. D., Shaywitz, B. A., Fletcher, J. M. & Makuch, R. (1992). Distribution and temporal stability of dyslexia in an epidemiological sample of 414 children followed longitudinally. New England Journal of Medicine, 326, 145-150.
    • (1992) New England Journal of Medicine , vol.326 , pp. 145-150
    • Shaywitz, S.E.1    Escobar, M.D.2    Shaywitz, B.A.3    Fletcher, J.M.4    Makuch, R.5
  • 71
    • 84970420599 scopus 로고
    • An evaluation of the regression discrepancy method for identifying children with learning disabilities
    • Shepard, L. (1980). An evaluation of the regression discrepancy method for identifying children with learning disabilities. Journal of Special Education, 14, 79-91.
    • (1980) Journal of Special Education , vol.14 , pp. 79-91
    • Shepard, L.1
  • 72
    • 0024744510 scopus 로고
    • IQ is irrelevant to the definition of learning disabilities
    • Siegel, L. S. (1989). IQ is irrelevant to the definition of learning disabilities. Journal of Learning Disabilities. 22, 469-478, 486.
    • (1989) Journal of Learning Disabilities , vol.22 , pp. 469-478
    • Siegel, L.S.1
  • 73
    • 0027022362 scopus 로고
    • An evaluation of the discrepancy definition of dyslexia
    • Siegel, L. S. (1992). An evaluation of the discrepancy definition of dyslexia. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 25, 618-629.
    • (1992) Journal of Learning Disabilities , vol.25 , pp. 618-629
    • Siegel, L.S.1
  • 74
    • 0021804070 scopus 로고
    • Some characteristics of 9-year-old boys with general reading backwardness or specific reading retardation
    • Silva, P. A., McGee., R. & Williams, S. (1985). Some characteristics of 9-year-old boys with general reading backwardness or specific reading retardation. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 26, 407-421.
    • (1985) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry , vol.26 , pp. 407-421
    • Silva, P.A.1    McGee, R.2    Williams, S.3
  • 75
    • 0023895838 scopus 로고
    • The reliability of child psychiatric diagnosis. A comparison amoung Danish child psychiatrists of traditional diagnoses and a multiaxial diagnostic system
    • Skovgaard, A. M., Isager, T. & Jorgensen, O. S. (1988). The reliability of child psychiatric diagnosis. A comparison amoung Danish child psychiatrists of traditional diagnoses and a multiaxial diagnostic system. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 77, 469-476.
    • (1988) Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica , vol.77 , pp. 469-476
    • Skovgaard, A.M.1    Isager, T.2    Jorgensen, O.S.3
  • 76
    • 0021612607 scopus 로고
    • Extreme deprivation in early childhood. Theoretical issues and a comparative review
    • Skuse, D. (1984). Extreme deprivation in early childhood. Theoretical issues and a comparative review. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 25, 543-572.
    • (1984) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry , vol.25 , pp. 543-572
    • Skuse, D.1
  • 79
    • 58149207301 scopus 로고
    • Phenotypic performance profile of children with reading disabilities: A regression-based test of the phonological-core variable-difference model
    • Stanovich, K. & Siegel, L. S. (1994). Phenotypic performance profile of children with reading disabilities: A regression-based test of the phonological-core variable-difference model. Journal of Educational Psychology, 86, 24-53.
    • (1994) Journal of Educational Psychology , vol.86 , pp. 24-53
    • Stanovich, K.1    Siegel, L.S.2
  • 80
    • 0025944457 scopus 로고
    • The inter-rater reliability of child and adolsecent psychiatric disorders in the ICD-10
    • Steinhausen, H. C. & Erdin, A. (1991). The inter-rater reliability of child and adolsecent psychiatric disorders in the ICD-10. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 32, 921-928.
    • (1991) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry , vol.32 , pp. 921-928
    • Steinhausen, H.C.1    Erdin, A.2
  • 81
    • 84984095258 scopus 로고
    • Which aspects of reading disability show a "hump" in their distribution?
    • Stevenson, J. (1988). Which aspects of reading disability show a "hump" in their distribution? Applied Cognitive Psychology, 2, 77-85.
    • (1988) Applied Cognitive Psychology , vol.2 , pp. 77-85
    • Stevenson, J.1
  • 82
    • 0026951030 scopus 로고
    • Erfahrungen mit den Neufassungen der Klassifikationssysteme für psychische Störungen (ICD-10 und 5. Achse MAS) (Experiences with the new versions of classification systems for mental disorders)
    • Strelow, U., Lehmkuhl, U. & Haffner, J. (1992). Erfahrungen mit den Neufassungen der Klassifikationssysteme für psychische Störungen (ICD-10 und 5. Achse MAS) (Experiences with the new versions of classification systems for mental disorders). Praxis der Kinderpsychologie und Kinderpsychiatrie, 41, 328-331.
    • (1992) Praxis der Kinderpsychologie und Kinderpsychiatrie , vol.41 , pp. 328-331
    • Strelow, U.1    Lehmkuhl, U.2    Haffner, J.3
  • 83
    • 0000377425 scopus 로고
    • The neuropathology of developmental dysphasia: Behavioral, morphological, and physiological evidence for a pervasive temporal processing disorder
    • Tallal, P., Sainbury, R. & Jernigan, T. (1991). The neuropathology of developmental dysphasia: Behavioral, morphological, and physiological evidence for a pervasive temporal processing disorder. Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 3, 363-377.
    • (1991) Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal , vol.3 , pp. 363-377
    • Tallal, P.1    Sainbury, R.2    Jernigan, T.3
  • 84
  • 87
    • 0027054411 scopus 로고
    • Classification of specific developmental disorders: Moving away from the hierarchical model of DSM and ICD
    • Van Yperen, T. A., Van Berckelaer-Onnes, I. A. & Rispens, J. (1992). Classification of specific developmental disorders: Moving away from the hierarchical model of DSM and ICD. European Journal of Psychiatry, 6, 223-235.
    • (1992) European Journal of Psychiatry , vol.6 , pp. 223-235
    • Van Yperen, T.A.1    Van Berckelaer-Onnes, I.A.2    Rispens, J.3
  • 88
    • 84934454534 scopus 로고
    • The question of essential differences in developmental dyslexia: A response to Seidenberg, Bruck, Fornarolo and Backman
    • Wolf, M. (1986). The question of essential differences in developmental dyslexia: A response to Seidenberg, Bruck, Fornarolo and Backman. Applied Psycholinguistics, 7, 69-76.
    • (1986) Applied Psycholinguistics , vol.7 , pp. 69-76
    • Wolf, M.1
  • 89
    • 0026579688 scopus 로고
    • Early naming deficits, developmental dyslexia, and a specific deficit hypothesis
    • Wolf, M. & Obregón, M. (1992). Early naming deficits, developmental dyslexia, and a specific deficit hypothesis. Brain and Language, 42, 218-245.
    • (1992) Brain and Language , vol.42 , pp. 218-245
    • Wolf, M.1    Obregón, M.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.