Morris water maze deficits in rats following traumatic brain injury: Lateral controlled cortical impact

Journal of Neurotrauma

Volumn 14, Issue 9, 1997, Pages 615-627

  Scheff, Stephen W ^a,b   Baldwin, Stanley A ^a   Brown, Russell W ^b   Kraemer, Philipp J ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY   (United States)

Author keywords

Cognitive deficits; Concussion; Cortical contusion; Head injury; Hippocampus; Morris water maze; Spatial learning

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL MODEL; ANIMAL TISSUE; ARTICLE; BEHAVIOR DISORDER; BRAIN CONCUSSION; BRAIN CONTUSION; BRAIN CORTEX; BRAIN INJURY; COGNITIVE DEFECT; CONTROLLED STUDY; HIPPOCAMPUS; HISTOPATHOLOGY; LEARNING; MAZE TEST; MEMORY; MEMORY CONSOLIDATION; NONHUMAN; RAT;

EID: 0030820401     PISSN: 08977151     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1089/neu.1997.14.615     Document Type: Article

References (61)

1. BALDWIN, S.A., FUGACCIA, I., BROWN, D.R., BROWN, L.V., and SCHEFF, S.W. (1996). Blood-brain barrier breach following cortical contusion in the rat. J. Neurosurg. 85, 476-481.
2. BALDWIN, S.A., GIBSON, T., CALLIHAN, C.T., SULLIVAN, P.G., PALMER, E., and SCHEFF, S.W. (1997). Neuronal cell loss in the CA3 subfield of the hippocampus following cortical contusion utilizing the optical disector method for cell counting. J. Neurotrauma 14, 385-398.
3. BALDWIN, S.A., and SCHEFF, S.W. (1996). Intermediate filament change in astrocytes following mild cortical contusion. Glia 16, 266-275.
4. BANNERMAN, D.M., GOOD, M.A., BUTCHER, S.P., RAMSAY, M., and MORRIS, R.G.M. (1995). Distinct components of spatial learning revealed by prior training and NMDA receptor blockade. Nature 378, 182-186.
5. BINDER, L.M. (1986). Persisting symptoms after mild head injury: a review of the postconcussive syndrome. J. Clin. Exp. Neuropsych. 8, 323-346.
6. BRANDEIS, R., BRANDYS, Y., and YEHUDA, S. (1989). The use of the Morris water maze in the study of memory and learning. Inter. J. Neurosci. 48, 29-69.
7. BROWN, R A., and KRAEMER, P.J. (1997). Ontogenetic differences in retention of spatial learning tested with the Morris water maze. Develop. Psychobio. 30, 329-341.
8. DASH, P.K., MOORE, A.N., and DIXON, C.E. (1995). Spatial memory deficits, increased phosphorylation of the transcription factor CREB, and induction of the AP-1 complex following experimental brain injury. J. Neurosci. 15, 2030-2039.
9. DHILLON, H.S., CARBARY, T., DOSE, J., DEMPSEY, R.J., and PRASAD, M.R. (1995). Activation of phosphatidylinositol biphosphate signal transduction pathway after experimental brain injury: a lipid study. Brain Res. 698, 100-106.
10. DHILLON, H.S., DONALDSON, D., DEMPSEY, R.J., and PRASAD, M.R. (1994). Regional levels of free fatty acids and evans blue extravastion after experimental brain injury. J. Neurotrauma 11, 405-415.
11. DIMATTIA, B.D., and KESNER, R.P. (1988). Spatial cognitive maps: Differential role of parietal cortex and hippocampal formation. Behav. Neurosci. 102, 471-480.
12. DIXON, C.E., CLIFTON, G.L., LIGHTHALL, J.W., YAGHAMAI, A.A., and HAYES, R.L. (1991). A controlled cortical impact model of traumatic brain injury in the rat. J. Neurosci. Meth. 39, 253-262.
13. DIXON, C.E., LYETH, B.G., POVLISHOCK, J.T., FINDLING, R.L., HAM, R.J., MARMAROU, A., YOUNG, H.F., and HAYES, R.L. (1987). A fluid percussion model of experimental brain injury in the rat. J. Neurosurg. 67, 110-119.
14. EICHENBAUM, H., STEWART, C., and MORRIS, R.G. (1990). Hippocampal representation in place learning. J. Neurosci. 10, 3531-3542.
15. EWERT, J., LEVIN, H.S., WATSON, M.G., and KALISKY, Z. (1989). Procedural memory during posttraumatic amnesia in survivors of severe head injury. Arch. Neurol. 46, 911-916.
16. FADEN, A.I., DEMEDIUK, P., PANTER, S.S., and VINK, R. (1989). The role of excitatory amino acids and NMDA receptors in traumatic brain injury. Science 244, 798-800.
17. GONG, Q.-Z., DELAHUNTY, T.M., HAMM, R.J., and LYETH, B. G. (1995). Metabotropic glutamate antagonist, MCPG, treatment of traumatic brain injury in rats. Brain Res. 700, 299-302.
18. GORMAN, L.K., FU, K., HOVDA, D.A., BECKER, D.P., and KATAYAMA, Y. (1989). Analysis of acetylcholine release following concussive brain injury in the rat. J. Neurotrauma 6, 203.
19. GORMAN, L.K., SHOCK, B.L., and BECKER, D.P. (1993). Traumatic brain injury produces impairments in long-term and recent memory. Brain Res. 614, 29-36.
20. HALL, S., and BORNSTEIN, R.A. (1991). The relationship between intelligence and memory following minor or mild closed head injury: Greater impairment of memory than intelligence. J. Neurosurg. 75, 378-381.
21. HAMM, R.J., DIXON, C.D., GBADEBO, D.M., SINGHA, A.K., JENKINS, L.W., LYETH, B.G., and HAYES, R.L. (1992a). Cognitive deficits following traumatic brain injury produced by controlled cortical impact. J. Neurotrauma 9, 11-20.
22. HAMM, R.J., LYETH, B.G., JENKINS, L. W., O'DELL, D.M., and PIKE, B.R. (1993a). Selective cognitive impairment following traumatic brain injury in rats. Behav. Brain Res. 59, 169-173.
23. HAMM, R.J., O'DELL, D.M., PIKE, B.R., and LYETH, B.G. (1993b). Cognitive impairment following traumatic brain injury: the effect of pre-and post-injury administration of scopolamine and MK-801. Cog. Brain Res. 1, 223-226.
24. HAMM, R.J., WHITE-GBADEBO, D.M., LYETH, B.G., JENKINS, L.W., and HAYES, R.L. (1992b). The effect of age on motor and cognitive deficits in traumatic brain injury in rats. Neurosurgery 31, 1072-1078.
25. HICKS, R. R., SMITH, D.H., LOWENSTEIN, D.H., SAINT MARIE, R., and MCINTOSH, T.K. (1993). Mild experimental brain injury in the rat induces cognitive deficits associated with regional neuronal loss in the hippocampus. J. Neurotrauma 10, 405-414.
26. HICKS, R.R., SMITH, D.H., and MCINTOSH, T.K. (1995). Temporal response and effects of excitatory amino acid antagonism on microtubule-associated protein 2 immunoreactivity following experimental brain injury in rats. Brain Res. 678, 151-160.
27. HOFFMAN, S.W., FULOP, Z., and STEIN, D.G. (1994). Bilateral frontal cortical contusion in rats: behavioral and anatomic consequences. J. Neurotrauma 11, 417-431.
28. HUBSCHMANN, O. R., and KORNHAUSER, D. (1983). Effects of intraparenchymal hemorrhage on extracellular cortical potassium in experimental head trauma. J. Neurosurg. 59, 289-302.
29. JARRARD, L.E. (1993). On the role of the hippocampus in learning and memory in the rat. Behav. Neural. Biol. 60, 9-26.
30. JASPERS, R. M.A., BLOCK, F., HEIM, C., and SONTAG, K.-H. (1990). Spatial learning is affected by transient occlusion of common carotid arteries (2VO): comparison of behavioural and histopathological changes after '2VO' and 'four-vessel-occlusion' in rats. Neurosci. Letters 117, 149-153.
31. KATAYAMA, Y., BECKER, D.P., TAMURA, T., and HOVDA, D.A. (1990). Massive increases in extracellular potassium and the indiscriminate release of glutamate following concussive brain injury. J. Neurosurg. 73, 889-900.
32. KOLB, B., SUTHERLAND, R.J., and WHISHAW, I.Q. (1983). A comparison of the contributions of the frontal and parietal association cortex to spatial localization in rats. Behav. Neurosci. 97, 13-27.
33. KRAEMER, P.J., BROWN, R.W., BALDWIN, S.A., and SCHEFF, S.W. (1996). Validation of a single-day Morris water maze procedure used to assess cognitive deficits associated with brain damage. Brain Res. Bull. 39, 17-22.
34. KRAEMER, P.J., and RANDALL, C.K. (1995). Spatial learning in preweanling rats trained in a Morris water maze. Psychobiology 23, 144-152.
35. LEVIN, H.S., and GOLDSTEIN, F.C. (1986). Organization of verbal memory after severe head injury. J. Clin. Exp. Neurospychol. 8, 643-656.
36. LEVIN, H.S., HIGH, W.M., and EISENBERG, H.M. (1988). Learning and forgetting during posttraumatic amnesia in head injured patients. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psych. 51, 14-20.
37. LIGHTHALL, J.W. (1988). Controlled cortical impact: a new experimental brain injury model. J. Neurotrauma 5, 1-14.
38. LYETH, B.G., JENKINS, L.W., HAMM, R.J., DIXON, C.E., PHILLIPS, L.L., CLIFTON, G.L., YOUNG, H.F., and HAYES, R.L. (1990). Prolonged memory impairments in the absence of hippocampal cell death following traumatic brain injury in the rat. Brain Res. 526, 249-258.
39. MCINTOSH, T.K., NOBLE, L., ANDRES, B., and FADEN, A.I. (1987). Traumatic brain injury in the rat: characterization of a midline fluid percussion model. CNS Trauma 4, 119-134.
40. MCINTOSH, T.K., VINK, R., NOBLE, L.J., YAMAKAMI, I., FERNYAK, S.E., SCARES, H., and FADEN, A.I. (1989). Traumatic brain injury in the rat: characterization of a lateral fluid percussion injury model. Neuroscience 28, 233-244.
41. MICHEL, R.P., and CRUZ-ORIVE, L.M. (1988). Application of the Cavalieri principle and vertical sections method to lung: estimation of volume and pleural surface area. J. Microscopy 150 (pt 2), 117-136.
42. MORRIS, R. (1981). Spatial localization does not require the presence of local cues. Learning and Motivation 12, 239-260.
43. MORRIS, R.G.M. (1984). Development of a water-maze procedure for studying spatial learning in the rat. J. Neurosci. Meth. 11, 47-60.
44. MORRIS, R.G.M., ANDERSON, E., LYNCH, G.S., and BAUDRY, M. (1986). Selective impairment of learning and blockade of long-term potentiation by an N-methyl-O-aspartate receptor antagonist, AP5. Nature 319, 774-775.
45. MORRIS, R.G.M., SCHENK, F., TWEEDIE, F., and JARRARD, L.E. (1990). Ibotenate lesions of hippocampus and/or subiculum: dissociating components of allocentric spatial learning. Euro. J. Neurosci. 2, 1016-1028.
46. MOSER, M.-B., MOSER, E.I., FORREST, L., ANDERSEN, P., and MORRIS, R.G.M. (1995). Spatial learning with a minislab in the dorsal hippocampus. PNAS USA 92, 9697-9701.
47. MUTTER, S.A., HOWARD, J.H., and HOWARD, D.V. (1994). Serial pattern learning after head injury. J. Clin. Exp. Neuropsych. 16, 271-288.
48. NILSSON, P., HILLERED, L., POTEN, V., and UNGERSTEDT, V. (1990). Changes in critical extracellular levels of energy-related metabolites and amino acids following concussive brain injury in rats. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 10, 631-637.
49. PAXINOS, G., and WATSON, C. (1982). The rat brain in stereotaxic coordinates. Academic Press: Sydney.
50. PIERCE, J.E.S., SMITH, D. H., EISON, S.M., and MCINTOSH, T.K. (1993). The nootropic compound BMY-21502 improves spatial learning ability in brain injured rats. Brain Res. 624, 199-208.
51. POSMANTUR, R.M., KAMPEL, A., TAFT, W.C., BHATTACHARJEE, M., DIXON, C.E., BAO, J., and HAYES, R.L. (1996). Diminished microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) immunoreactivity following cortical impact brain injury. J. Neurotrauma 13, 125-137.
52. PRASAD, M.P., RAMAIAH, C., MCINTOSH, T.K., DEMPSEY, R.J., HIPKENS, S., and YUREK, D. (1994a). Regional levels of lactate and norepinephrine after experimental brain injury. J. Neurochem. 63, 1086-1094.
53. PRASAD, M.R., DHILLON, H.S., CARBARY, T., DEMPSEY, R. J., and SCHEFF, S.W. (1994b). Enhanced phosphodiestric breakdown of phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate after experimental brain injury. Journal of Neurochemistry 63, 773-776.
54. PRASAD, R.M., DOSE, J.M., DHILLON, H.S., CARBARY, T., and KRAEMER, P.J. (1995). Amphetamine effects the behavioral outcome of lateral fluid percussion brain injury in the rat. Rest. Neurol. Neurosci. 9, 65-75.
55. SCHENK, E., and MORRIS, R.G.M. (1985). Dissociation between components of spatial memory in rats after recovery from the effects of retrohippocampal lesions. Exp. Brain Res. 58, 11-28.
56. SMITH, D. H., LOWENSTEIN, D. H., GENNARELLI, T. A., and MCINTOSH, T. K. (1994). Persistent memory dysfunction is associated with bilateral hippocampal damage following experimental brain injury. Neurosci. Lett. 168, 151-154.
57. SMITH, D.H., OKIYAMA, K., THOMAS, M.J., CLAUSSEN, B., and MCINTOSH, T.K. (1991). Evaluation of memory dysfunction following experimental brain injury using the Morris water maze. Journal of Neurotrauma 8, 259-269.
58. SMITH, D.H., OKIYAMA, K., THOMAS, M.J., and MCINTOSH, T.K. (1993). Effects of the excitatory amino acid receptor antagonists kynurenate and indole-2-carboxylic acid on behavioral and neurochemical outcome following experimental brain injury. J. Neurosci. 13, 5383-5392.
59. SUTHERLAND, R.J., KOLB, B., and WHISHAW, I.Q. (1982). Spatial mapping: definitive disruption by hippocampal or medial frontal cortical damage in the rat. Neurosci. Letters 31, 271-276.
60. SUTHERLAND, R.J., WHISHAW, I.Q., and KOLB, B. (1983). A behavioral analysis of spatial localization following electrolytic, kainate-or cholchicine-induced damage to the hippocampal formation in the rat. Behav. Brain Res. 7, 133-153.
61. TEMPLE, M.D., and HAMM, R.J. (1996). Chronic, post-injury administration of c-cycloserine, an NMDA partial agonist, enhances cognitive performance following experimental brain injury. Brain Res. 741, 246-251.