Development and structure of microbial biofilms in river water studied by confocal laser scanning microscopy

FEMS Microbiology Ecology

Volumn 24, Issue 1, 1997, Pages 11-25

  Neu, Thomas R ^a   Lawrence, John R ^b  

^a HELMHOLTZ CENTRE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH UFZ   (Germany)

^b ENVIRONMENT CANADA   (Canada)

Author keywords

Biofilm reactor; Biofilm structure; Confocal laser scanning microscopy; Rotating annular reactor; Stream

Indexed keywords

RIVER WATER;

DEVELOPMENT; MICROBIAL BIOFILM; STREAM ECOSYSTEM;

ARTICLE; BACTERIUM; BIOFILM; CONTROLLED STUDY; MORPHOLOGY; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REACTOR; SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY;

EID: 0030819616     PISSN: 01686496     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0168-6496(97)00027-5     Document Type: Article

References (67)

1. Leff, L.G. (1994) Stream bacterial ecology: A neglected field? ASM News 60, 135-138.
2. Lock, M.A. (1993) Attached microbial communities in rivers. In: Aquatic Microbiology (Ford, T.E., Ed.), pp. 113-138. Blackwell, Cambridge, MA.
3. Geesey, G.G. (1982) Microbial exopolymers: Ecological and economic considerations. ASM News 48, 9-14.
4. Neu, T.R. and Marshall, K.C. (1990) Bacterial polymers: Physicochemical aspects of their interaction at interfaces. J. Biomater. Appl. 5, 107-133.
5. Neu, T.R. and Marshall, K.C. (1991) Microbial 'footprints' -A new approach to adhesive polymers. Biofouling 3, 101-112.
6. Neu, T.R. (1994) The challenge to analyse extracellular polymers in biofilms. In: Microbial Mats, Structure, Development and Environmental Significance (Stal, L.J. and Caumette, P., Eds.), pp. 221-227. NATO ASI Series, Vol. G 35. Springer, Berlin.
7. Sutherland, I.W. (1983) Microbial exopolysaccharides - their role in microbial adhesion in aqueous systems. CRC Crit. Rev. Microbiol. 10, 173-201.
8. Van Loosdrecht, M.C.M., Lyklema, J., Norde, W. and Zehnder, A.J.B. (1990) Influence of interfaces on microbial activity. Microbiol. Rev. 54, 75-87.
9. Neu, T.R. (1996) Significance of bacterial surface-active compounds in interaction of bacteria with interfaces. Microbiol. Rev. 60, 151-166.
10. Woldring, C.L., de Jong, M.A., v.d. Berg, W. and Koppes, L. (1977) Morphological analysis of the division cycle of two Escherichia coli substrains during slow growth. J. Bacteriol. 131, 270-279
11. Costerton, J.W., Cheng, K.-J., Geesey, G.G., Ladd, T., Dasgupta, M. and Marrie, T.J. (1987) Bacterial biofilms in nature and disease. Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 41, 435-464.
12. Wardell, J.N. (1988) Methods for the study of bacterial attachment. In: Methods in Aquatic Microbiology (Austin, B., Ed.), pp. 389-415. John Wiley and Sons, Chichester.
13. White, D.C. (1983) Analysis of microorganisms in terms of quantity and activity in natural environments. In: Microbes in their Natural Environments (Slater, J. H., Whittenbury, R. and Wimpenny, J.W.T. Eds.), pp. 37-66. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
14. White, D.C. (1994) Is there anything else you need to understand about the microbiota that cannot be derived from the analysis of nucleic acids? Microb. Ecol. 28, 163-166.
15. Revsbech, N.P. and Jörgensen, B.B. (1986) Microelectrodes: Their use in microbial ecology. Adv. Microb. Ecol. 9, 293-352.
16. Amann, R.I., Ludwig, W. and Schleifer, K.-H. (1995) Phylogenetic identification and in situ detection of individual microbial cells without cultivation. Microbiol. Rev. 59, 143-169.
17. Caldwell, D.E., Korber, D.R. and Lawrence, J.R. (1992) Confocal laser microscopy and digital image analysis in microbial ecology. Adv. Microb. Ecol. 12, 1-67.
18. Korber, D.R., Lawrence, J.R., Hendry, M.J. and Caldwell, D.E. (1993) Analysis of spatial variability within mot+ and mot- Pseudomonas fluorescens biofilms using representative elements. Biofouling 7, 339-358.
19. Lawrence, J.R., Korber, D.R., Hoyle, B.D., Costerton, J.W. and Caldwell, D.E. (1991) Optical sectioning of microbial biofilms. J. Bacteriol. 173, 6558-6567.
20. Lewandowski, Z., Altobelli, S.A. and Fukushima, E. (1993) NMR and microelectrode studies of hydrodynamics and kinetics in biofilms. Biotechnol. Prog. 9, 40-45.
21. Wolfaardt, G.M., Lawrence, J.R., Robarts, R.D. and Caldwell, D.E. (1994) Multicellular organization in a degradative biofilm community. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 60, 434-446.
22. Costerton, J.W., Lewandowski, Z., DeBeer, D., Caldwell, D., Korber, D. and James, G. (1994) Biofilms, the customized microniche. J. Bacteriol. 176, 2137-2142.
23. Caldwell, D.E., Korber, D.R., Wolfaardt, G.M. and Lawrence, J.R. (1997) Bacterial communities as units of cultivation and selection. In: Advances in Microbial Ecology (Gynfryn Jones, J., Ed.), in press.
24. Characklis, W.G. (1990) Laboratory biofilm reactors. In: Biofilms (Characklis, W.G. and Marshall, K.C., Eds.), pp. 55-89. John Wiley and Sons, New York, NY.
25. Gjaltema, A., Arts, P.A.M., Van Loosdrecht, M.C.M., Kuenen, J.G. and Heijnen, J.J. (1994) Heterogeneity of biofilms in rotating annular reactors: Occurrence, structure, and consequences. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 44, 194-204.
26. Zhang, T.C. and Bishop, P.L. (1994) Density, porosity, and pore structure of biofilms. Water Res. 28, 2267-2277.
27. Kuballa, J. and Griebe, T. (1995) Sorption kinetics of tributyltin on Elbe river biofilms. Fresenius J. Anal. Chem. 353, 105-106.
28. Larsen, T.A. and Harremoes, P. (1994b) Degradation mechanisms of colloidal organic matter in biofilm reactors. Water Res. 28, 1443-1452.
29. Srinivasan, R., Stewart, P.S., Griebe, T., Chen, C-I. and Xu, X. (1995) Biofilm parameters influencing biocide efficacy. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 46, 553-560.
30. Alleman, B.C., Logan, B.E. and Gilbertson, R.L. (1995) Degradation of pentachlorphenol by fixed films of white rot fungi in rotating tube reactors. Water Res. 29, 61-67.
31. Arcangeli, J.-P. and Arvin, E. (1995) Modelling of cometabolic transformation of ortho-xylene in a denitrifying biofilm system. Biodegradation 6, 29-38.
32. Mitsuhashi, S., Hosaka, K., Tomonaga, E., Muramatsu, H. and Tanishita, K. (1995) Effects of shear flow on photosynthesis in a dilute suspension of microalgae. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 42, 744-749.
33. Environment Canada (1992) Analytical Methods Manuals. Inland Waters Directorate, Water Quality Branch, Environment Canada, Ottawa, Onttario.
34. Lawrence, J.R., Korber, D.R., Wolfaardt, G.M. and Caldwell, D.E. (1996) Analytical imaging and microscopy techniques In: Manual of Environmental Microbiology. American Society for Microbiology Press, Washington, DC.
35. Schlichting, H. (1979) Boundary-Layer Theory, pp. 525-532. McGraw-Hill, New York, NY.
36. Lawrence, J.R. and Caldwell, D.E. (1987) Behaviour of bacterial stream populations within the hydrodynamic boundary layers of surface microenvironments. Microb. Ecol. 14, 15-27.
37. Okabe, S., Hiratia, K., Ozawa, Y. and Watanabe, Y. (1996) Spatial microbial distribution of nitrifiers and heterotrophs in mixed-population biofilms. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 50, 24-35.
38. Massol-Deya, A.A., Whallon, J., Hickey, R.F. and Tiedje, J. M. (1995) Channel structures in aerobic biofilms of fixed-film reactors treating contaminated groundwater. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 61, 769-777.
39. Korber, D.R., Lawrence, J.R., Sutton, B. and Caldwell, D.E (1989) Effect of laminar flow velocity on the kinetics of surface recolonization by mot+ and mot- Pseudomonas fluorescens. Microb. Ecol. 18, 1-19.
40. Lavoie, D.M., Little, B.J., Ray, R.I., Bennett, R.H., Lambert, M.W., Asper, V. and Baerwald, R.J. (1995) Environmental scanning electron microscopy of marine aggregates. J. Microsc. 178, 101-106.
41. Yu, F.P., Callis, G.M., Stewart, P.S., Griebe, T. and McFeters, G.A. (1994) Cryosectioning of biofilms for microscopic examination. Biofouling 8, 85-91.
42. Surman, S.B., Walker, J.T., Goddard, D.T., Morton, L.H.G., Keevil, C.W., Weaver, W., Skinner, A., Hanson, K., Caldwell, D. and Kurtz, J. (1996) Comparison of microscopic techniques for the examination of biofilms. J. Microbiol. Methods 25, 57-70.
43. Assmus, B., Hutzler, P., Kirchhof, G., Amann, R.I., Lawrence, J.R. and Hartmann, A. (1995) In situ localization of Azospirillum brasilense in the rhizosphere of wheat using fluorescently labeled rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probes and scanning confocal laser microscopy. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 61, 1013-1019.
44. Korber, D.R., James, G.A. and Costerton, J.W. (1994) Evaluation of fleroxacin activity against established Pseudomonas fluorescens biofilms. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 60, 1663-1669.
45. Lawrence, J.R., Wolfaardt, G.M. and Korber, D.R. (1994) Monitoring diffusion in biofilm matrices using confocal laser microscopy. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 60, 1166-1173.
46. Lloyd, D. and Hyes, A.J. (1995) Vigour, vitality and viability of microorganisms. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 133, 1-7.
47. Wagner, M., Assmus, B., Hartmann, A., Hutzler, P. and Amann, R. (1994) In situ analysis of microbial consortia in activated sludge using fluorescently labelled, rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probes and confocal scanning laser microscopy. J. Microsc. 176, 181-187.
48. Wolfaardt, G.M., Lawrence, J.R., Headley, J.V., Robarts, R.D. and Caldwell, D.E. (1994) Microbial exopolymers provide a mechanism for bioaccumulation of contaminants. Microb. Ecol. 27, 279-291.
49. Wolfaardt, G.M., Lawrence, J.R., Robarts, R.D. and Caldwell, D.E. (1994) The role of interactions, sessile growth and nutrient amendment on the degradative efficiency of a bacterial consortium. Can. J. Microbiol. 40, 331-340.
50. Wolfaardt, G.M., Lawrence, J.R., Robarts, R.D. and Caldwell, D.E. (1995) Bioaccumulation of the herbicide diclofop in extracellular polymers and its utilization by a biofilm community during starvation. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 61, 152-158.
51. Kenne, L. and Linberg, B. (1983) Bacterial polysaccharides. In: The Polysaccharides, Vol. 2 (Aspinall, G.O., Ed.), pp. 287-363. Academic Press, New York, NY.
52. Sanford, B.A., Thomas, V.L., Mattingly, S.J., Ramsay, M.A. and Miller, M.M. (1995) Lectin-biotin assay for slime present in in situ biofilm produced by Staphylococcus epidermidis using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). J. Ind. Microbiol. 15, 156-161.
53. Michael, T. and Smith, C.M. (1995) Lectins probe molecular films in biofouling: characterization of early films on nonliving and living surfaces. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 119, 229-236.
54. Decho, A.W. (1990) Microbial exopolymer secretions in ocean environments: Their role(s) in food webs and marine processes. Oceanogr. Mar. Biol. Annu. Rev. 28, 73-153.
55. Costerton, J.W. (1984) The formation of biocide-resistant biofilms in industrial, natural and medical systems. Dev. Ind. Microbiol. 25, 363-372.
56. Bellin, C.A. and Rao, P.S.C. (1993) Impact of bacterial biomass on contaminant sorption and transport in a subsurface soil. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 59, 1813-1820.
57. Freeman, C. and Lock, M.A. (1995) The biofilm polysaccharide matrix: a buffer against changing organic substrate supply. Limnol. Oceanogr. 40, 273-278.
58. Freeman, C., Chapman, P.J., Gilman, K., Reynolds, B. and Wheater, H.S. (1995) Ion exchange mechanisms and the entrapment of nutrients by river biofilms. Hydrobiologia 297, 61-65.
59. Geesey, G. and Jang, L. (1990) Extracellular polymers for metal binding. In: Microbial Mineral Recovery (Ehrlich, H.C. and Brierley, C.L., Eds.), pp. 223-247. McGraw-Hill, New York, NY.
60. Keevil, C.W., Dowsett, A.B. and Rogers, J. (1993) Legionella biofilms and their control. Society for Applied Bacteriology Technical Series: Microbial Biofilms, pp. 201-215.
61. Stoodley, P., De Beer, D. and Lewandowski, Z. (1994) Liquid flow in biofilm systems. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 60, 2711-2716.
62. De Beer, D., Stoodley, P., Roe, F. and Lewandoski, Z. (1994) Effects of biofilm structures on oxygen distribution and mass transfer. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 43, 1131-1138.
63. Keevil, C.W. (1995) The value of in situ biofilm investigations. In: The Life and Death of Biofilm (Wimpenny, J., Handley, P.S., Gilbert, P. and Lappin-Scott, H., Eds.), pp. 17-20. Bioline, Cardiff.
64. Neu, T.R. (1994) Biofilms and microbial mats. In: Biostabilization of Sediments (Krumbein, W.E., Paterson, D.M. and Stal, L.J., Eds.), pp. 1-15.
65. Paterson, D.M. (1994) Microbial mediation of sediment structure and behaviour. In: Microbial Mats (Stal, L.J. and Caumette, P., Eds.), pp 97-109. NATO ASI Series, Vol. G 35. Springer, Berlin.
66. Stal, L.J. (1994) Microbial mats in coastal environments. In: Microbial Mats (Stal, L.J. and Caumette, P., Eds.), pp 21-32. NATO ASI Series, Vol. G 35. Springer, Berlin.
67. Lock, M.A., Wallace, R.R., Costerton, J.W., Ventullo, R.M. and Charlton, S.E. (1984) River epilithon: Toward a structural-functional model. Oikos 42, 10-22.