메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 124, Issue 1, 1997, Pages 43-51

Patterns of plant diversity in overbrowsed primary and mature secondary hemlock-northern hardwood forest stands

Author keywords

Disturbance; Diversity measurements; Erythronium americanurn; Fagus grandifolia; Forest floor; Herb stratum; Herbaceous species; Odocoileus virginianus; Oxalis acetosella; Pennsylvania; Prunus serotina; Tree seedlings; Tsuga canadensis; White tailed deer browsing

Indexed keywords

ACER; ACER RUBRUM; CERVIDAE; CONIUM; CONIUM MACULATUM; ERYTHRONIUM; ERYTHRONIUM AMERICANUM; FAGUS; FAGUS GRANDIFOLIA; ODOCOILEUS VIRGINIANUS; OXALIS MONTANA; PRUNUS; PRUNUS SEROTINA; RIPARIA; TSUGA; TSUGA CANADENSIS;

EID: 0030811041     PISSN: 10955674     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/2996597     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (26)

References (56)
  • 1
    • 0028975538 scopus 로고
    • Physiographic analysis of witness-tree distribution (1765-1798) and present forest cover through north central Pennsylvania
    • ABRAMS, M. D. AND C. M. RUFFNER. 1995. Physiographic analysis of witness-tree distribution (1765-1798) and present forest cover through north central Pennsylvania. Can. J. For. Res. 25: 659-668.
    • (1995) Can. J. For. Res. , vol.25 , pp. 659-668
    • Abrams, M.D.1    Ruffner, C.M.2
  • 2
    • 84989487639 scopus 로고
    • Forests too deer: Edge effects in northern Wisconsin
    • ALVERSON, W. S., D. M. WALLER, AND S. L. SOLHEIM. 1988. Forests too deer: edge effects in northern Wisconsin. Conserv. Biol. 2: 348-358.
    • (1988) Conserv. Biol. , vol.2 , pp. 348-358
    • Alverson, W.S.1    Waller, D.M.2    Solheim, S.L.3
  • 3
    • 0028180761 scopus 로고
    • Height of white-flowered trillium (Trillium grandiflorum) as an index of deer browsing intensity
    • ANDERSON, R. C. 1994. Height of white-flowered trillium (Trillium grandiflorum) as an index of deer browsing intensity. Ecol. Applic. 4: 104-109.
    • (1994) Ecol. Applic. , vol.4 , pp. 104-109
    • Anderson, R.C.1
  • 4
    • 0027505188 scopus 로고
    • Recovery of browse-sensitive tree species following release from white-tailed deer Odocoileus virginianus Zimmerman browsing pressure
    • _ AND A. J. KATZ. 1993. Recovery of browse-sensitive tree species following release from white-tailed deer Odocoileus virginianus Zimmerman browsing pressure. Biol. Cons. 63: 203-208.
    • (1993) Biol. Cons. , vol.63 , pp. 203-208
    • Katz, A.J.1
  • 5
    • 0000784552 scopus 로고
    • White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) influence on structure and composition of Tsuga canadensis forests
    • _ AND O. L. LOUCKS. 1979. White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) influence on structure and composition of Tsuga canadensis forests. J. Appl. Ecol. 16: 855-861.
    • (1979) J. Appl. Ecol. , vol.16 , pp. 855-861
    • Loucks, O.L.1
  • 6
    • 0028994676 scopus 로고
    • The use of Clintonia borealis and other indicators to gauge impacts of white-tailed deer on plant communities in northern Wisconsin, USA
    • BALGOOYEN, C. P. AND D. M. WALLER. 1995. The use of Clintonia borealis and other indicators to gauge impacts of white-tailed deer on plant communities in northern Wisconsin, USA. Nat. Areas J. 15: 308-318.
    • (1995) Nat. Areas J. , vol.15 , pp. 308-318
    • Balgooyen, C.P.1    Waller, D.M.2
  • 7
    • 84982064154 scopus 로고
    • Life histories and demography of shade-tolerant temperate forest herbs: A review
    • BIERZYCHUDEK, P. 1982. Life histories and demography of shade-tolerant temperate forest herbs: a review. New Phytol. 90: 757-776.
    • (1982) New Phytol. , vol.90 , pp. 757-776
    • Bierzychudek, P.1
  • 10
    • 0028166096 scopus 로고
    • The lower Susquehanna River gorge and floodplain (U.S.A.) as a riparian refugium for vernal, forest floor herbs
    • BRATTON, S. P., J. R. HAPEMAN, AND A. R. MAST. 1994. The lower Susquehanna River gorge and floodplain (U.S.A.) as a riparian refugium for vernal, forest floor herbs. Conserv. Biol. 8: 1069-1077.
    • (1994) Conserv. Biol. , vol.8 , pp. 1069-1077
    • Bratton, S.P.1    Hapeman, J.R.2    Mast, A.R.3
  • 11
    • 0013401324 scopus 로고
    • Patterns of plant species diversity during succession under different disturbance regimes
    • DENSLOW, J. S. 1980. Patterns of plant species diversity during succession under different disturbance regimes. Oecologia 46: 18-21.
    • (1980) Oecologia , vol.46 , pp. 18-21
    • Denslow, J.S.1
  • 12
    • 0342708141 scopus 로고
    • Herbs and clearcutting: Reply to Elliot and Loftis and Steinbeck
    • DUFFY, D. C. 1993. Herbs and clearcutting: reply to Elliot and Loftis and Steinbeck. Conserv. Biol. 7: 221-223.
    • (1993) Conserv. Biol. , vol.7 , pp. 221-223
    • Duffy, D.C.1
  • 13
    • 0027062237 scopus 로고
    • Do Appalachian herbaceous understories ever recover from clearcutting?
    • _ AND A. J. MEIER. 1992. Do Appalachian herbaceous understories ever recover from clearcutting? Conserv. Biol. 6: 196-201.
    • (1992) Conserv. Biol. , vol.6 , pp. 196-201
    • Meier, A.J.1
  • 14
    • 0000829198 scopus 로고
    • Vegetation diversity after logging in the Southern Appalachians
    • ELLIOT, K. J. AND D. L. LOFTIS. 1993. Vegetation diversity after logging in the Southern Appalachians. Conserv. Biol. 7: 220-221.
    • (1993) Conserv. Biol. , vol.7 , pp. 220-221
    • Elliot, K.J.1    Loftis, D.L.2
  • 15
    • 0022219621 scopus 로고
    • Current and predicted long-term effects of deer browsing in hemlock forests in Michigan, USA
    • FRELICH, L. E. AND C. G. LORIMER. 1985. Current and predicted long-term effects of deer browsing in hemlock forests in Michigan, USA. Biol. Cons. 34: 99-120.
    • (1985) Biol. Cons. , vol.34 , pp. 99-120
    • Frelich, L.E.1    Lorimer, C.G.2
  • 16
    • 0002891576 scopus 로고
    • Alternation and coexistence of tree species
    • Fox, J. F. 1977. Alternation and coexistence of tree species. Am. Nat. 111: 69-89.
    • (1977) Am. Nat. , vol.111 , pp. 69-89
    • Fox, J.F.1
  • 18
    • 0002726567 scopus 로고
    • Interference by weeds and deer with Allegheny hardwood reproduction
    • HORSLEY, S. B. AND D. A. MARQUIS. 1983. Interference by weeds and deer with Allegheny hardwood reproduction. Can. J. For. Res. 13: 61-69.
    • (1983) Can. J. For. Res. , vol.13 , pp. 61-69
    • Horsley, S.B.1    Marquis, D.A.2
  • 19
    • 0001003642 scopus 로고
    • A twenty-year record of understory vegetational change in a virgin Pennsylvania forest
    • HOUGH, A. F. 1965. A twenty-year record of understory vegetational change in a virgin Pennsylvania forest. Ecology 46: 370-373.
    • (1965) Ecology , vol.46 , pp. 370-373
    • Hough, A.F.1
  • 20
    • 0000057619 scopus 로고
    • The ecology and silvics in the high plateaus of Pennsylvania
    • HOUGH, A. F. AND R. D. FORBES. 1943. The ecology and silvics in the high plateaus of Pennsylvania. Ecol. Monogr. 13: 299-320.
    • (1943) Ecol. Monogr. , vol.13 , pp. 299-320
    • Hough, A.F.1    Forbes, R.D.2
  • 21
    • 0027011842 scopus 로고
    • Effect of removal of co-occurring species on distribution and abundance of Erythronium americanum (Liliaceae): A spring ephemeral
    • HUGHES, J. W. 1992. Effect of removal of co-occurring species on distribution and abundance of Erythronium americanum (Liliaceae): a spring ephemeral. Amer. J. Bot. 79: 1329-1336.
    • (1992) Amer. J. Bot. , vol.79 , pp. 1329-1336
    • Hughes, J.W.1
  • 22
    • 0000383912 scopus 로고
    • Pseudoreplication and the design of ecological experiments
    • HURLBERT, S. H. 1984. Pseudoreplication and the design of ecological experiments. Ecol. Monogr. 54: 197-211.
    • (1984) Ecol. Monogr. , vol.54 , pp. 197-211
    • Hurlbert, S.H.1
  • 23
    • 84980090975 scopus 로고
    • The distribution of the flora in the alpine zone
    • JACCARD, P. 1912. The distribution of the flora in the alpine zone. New Phytol. 11: 37-50.
    • (1912) New Phytol. , vol.11 , pp. 37-50
    • Jaccard, P.1
  • 24
    • 0017170850 scopus 로고
    • Models and statistics for species diversity
    • KEMPTON, R. A. AND L. R. TAYLOR. 1976. Models and statistics for species diversity. Nature 262: 818-820.
    • (1976) Nature , vol.262 , pp. 818-820
    • Kempton, R.A.1    Taylor, L.R.2
  • 25
    • 0023469299 scopus 로고
    • Relative importance of factors controlling the success of Oxalis acetosella: An example of linear modelling in ecological research
    • KUUSIPALO, J. 1987. Relative importance of factors controlling the success of Oxalis acetosella: an example of linear modelling in ecological research. Vegetatio 70: 171-179.
    • (1987) Vegetatio , vol.70 , pp. 171-179
    • Kuusipalo, J.1
  • 26
    • 0000347288 scopus 로고
    • A survey of over-populated deer ranges in the U.S
    • LEOPOLD, A., K. SOWLS, AND D. L. SPENCER. 1947. A survey of over-populated deer ranges in the U.S. J. Wildl.Manage. 11: 162-177.
    • (1947) J. Wildl.Manage. , vol.11 , pp. 162-177
    • Leopold, A.1    Sowls, K.2    Spencer, D.L.3
  • 27
    • 0002619167 scopus 로고
    • The vegetation of Heart's Content, a virgin forest in northwestern Pennsylvania
    • LUTZ, H. J. 1930. The vegetation of Heart's Content, a virgin forest in northwestern Pennsylvania. Ecology 11: 1-29.
    • (1930) Ecology , vol.11 , pp. 1-29
    • Lutz, H.J.1
  • 30
    • 0027806342 scopus 로고
    • Microenvironment variation within and among forest edge sites in the eastern United States
    • MATLACK, G. R. 1993. Microenvironment variation within and among forest edge sites in the eastern United States. Biol. Cons. 66: 185-194.
    • (1993) Biol. Cons. , vol.66 , pp. 185-194
    • Matlack, G.R.1
  • 31
    • 0028181306 scopus 로고
    • Plant species migration in a mixed-history forest landscape in eastern North America
    • MATLACK, G. R. 1994. Plant species migration in a mixed-history forest landscape in eastern North America. Ecology 75: 1491-1502.
    • (1994) Ecology , vol.75 , pp. 1491-1502
    • Matlack, G.R.1
  • 32
    • 0028994989 scopus 로고
    • Possible ecological mechanisms for loss of vernal-herb diversity in logged eastern deciduous forests
    • MEIER, A. J., S. P. BRATTON, AND D. C. DUFFY. 1995. Possible ecological mechanisms for loss of vernal-herb diversity in logged eastern deciduous forests. Ecol. Applic. 5: 935-946.
    • (1995) Ecol. Applic. , vol.5 , pp. 935-946
    • Meier, A.J.1    Bratton, S.P.2    Duffy, D.C.3
  • 33
    • 0022201976 scopus 로고
    • The rationale for conservation: Problems from a virgin forest
    • MIDDLETON, J. AND G. MERRIAM. 1985. The rationale for conservation: problems from a virgin forest. Biol. Cons. 33: 133-145.
    • (1985) Biol. Cons. , vol.33 , pp. 133-145
    • Middleton, J.1    Merriam, G.2
  • 34
    • 0001292689 scopus 로고
    • Impacts of white-tailed deer on endangered plants
    • MILLER, S. G., S. P. BRATTON, AND J. HADIDIAN. 1992. Impacts of white-tailed deer on endangered plants. Nat. Areas J. 12: 67-74.
    • (1992) Nat. Areas J. , vol.12 , pp. 67-74
    • Miller, S.G.1    Bratton, S.P.2    Hadidian, J.3
  • 35
    • 0028159147 scopus 로고
    • Applying principles of landscape design and management of integrate old-growth forest enhancement and commodity use
    • MLADENOFF, D. J., M. A. WHITE, T. R. CROW, AND J. PASTOR. 1994. Applying principles of landscape design and management of integrate old-growth forest enhancement and commodity use. Conserv. Biol. 8: 752-762.
    • (1994) Conserv. Biol. , vol.8 , pp. 752-762
    • Mladenoff, D.J.1    White, M.A.2    Crow, T.R.3    Pastor, J.4
  • 36
    • 0003166040 scopus 로고
    • The Wildlands Project: Land conservation strategy
    • NOSS, R. F. 1992. The Wildlands Project: land conservation strategy. Wild Earth Special Issue No. 1: 10-25.
    • (1992) Wild Earth , Issue.1 SPEC. ISSUE , pp. 10-25
    • Noss, R.F.1
  • 37
    • 0028993453 scopus 로고
    • How should one count species?
    • PALMER, M. W. 1995. How should one count species? Nat. Areas J. 15: 124-135.
    • (1995) Nat. Areas J. , vol.15 , pp. 124-135
    • Palmer, M.W.1
  • 38
    • 0002044161 scopus 로고
    • Changes in species diversity during secondary forest succession on the North Carolina Piedmont
    • H. J. During, M. J. A. Werner, and J. H. Willems, [eds.], SPB Academic Publishing, The Hague, The Netherlands
    • PEET, R. K., AND N. L. CHRISTENSEN. 1988. Changes in species diversity during secondary forest succession on the North Carolina Piedmont, p. 233-245. In H. J. During, M. J. A. Werner, and J. H. Willems, [eds.], Diversity and pattern in plant communities. SPB Academic Publishing, The Hague, The Netherlands.
    • (1988) Diversity and Pattern in Plant Communities , pp. 233-245
    • Peet, R.K.1    Christensen, N.L.2
  • 39
    • 0021556348 scopus 로고
    • Historical factors affecting the number and distribution of vascular plant species in the woodlands of central Lincolnshire
    • PETERKEN, G. F. AND M. GAME. 1984. Historical factors affecting the number and distribution of vascular plant species in the woodlands of central Lincolnshire. J. Ecol. 72: 155-182.
    • (1984) J. Ecol. , vol.72 , pp. 155-182
    • Peterken, G.F.1    Game, M.2
  • 40
    • 0027142254 scopus 로고
    • Microsite differences and temporal change in plant communities of treefall pits and mounds in an old-growth forest
    • PETERSON, C. J. AND J. E. CAMPBELL. 1993. Microsite differences and temporal change in plant communities of treefall pits and mounds in an old-growth forest. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 120: 451-460.
    • (1993) Bull. Torrey Bot. Club , vol.120 , pp. 451-460
    • Peterson, C.J.1    Campbell, J.E.2
  • 41
    • 0028974613 scopus 로고
    • Forest reorganization: A case study in an old-growth forest catastrophic blowdown
    • PETERSON, C. J. AND S. T. A. PICKETT. 1995. Forest reorganization: a case study in an old-growth forest catastrophic blowdown. Ecology 76: 763-774.
    • (1995) Ecology , vol.76 , pp. 763-774
    • Peterson, C.J.1    Pickett, S.T.A.2
  • 42
    • 0003093983 scopus 로고
    • Patch dynamics and the design of nature preserves
    • PICKETT, S. T. A. AND J. N. THOMPSON. 1978. Patch dynamics and the design of nature preserves. Biol. Cons. 13: 27-37.
    • (1978) Biol. Cons. , vol.13 , pp. 27-37
    • Pickett, S.T.A.1    Thompson, J.N.2
  • 43
    • 0001890488 scopus 로고
    • History of deer population trends and forest cutting on the Allegheny National Forest
    • K. W. Gottschalk, and S. L. C. Fosbroke [eds.], U.S. Forest Service General Technical Report NE-197, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, Morgantown
    • REDDING, J. 1995. History of deer population trends and forest cutting on the Allegheny National Forest, p. 214-224. In K. W. Gottschalk, and S. L. C. Fosbroke [eds.], Proceedings of the 10th central hardwood forest conference. U.S. Forest Service General Technical Report NE-197, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, Morgantown.
    • (1995) Proceedings of the 10th Central Hardwood Forest Conference , pp. 214-224
    • Redding, J.1
  • 44
    • 0028994979 scopus 로고
    • Patterns and mechanisms of plant diversity in forested ecosystems: Implications for forest management
    • ROBERTS, M. R. AND F. S. GILLIAM. 1995. Patterns and mechanisms of plant diversity in forested ecosystems: implications for forest management. Ecol. Applic. 5: 969-977.
    • (1995) Ecol. Applic. , vol.5 , pp. 969-977
    • Roberts, M.R.1    Gilliam, F.S.2
  • 45
    • 0028981925 scopus 로고
    • Restoring landscape diversity and old growth to Pennsylvania's northern hardwoods forests
    • ROONEY, T. P. 1995. Restoring landscape diversity and old growth to Pennsylvania's northern hardwoods forests. Nat. Areas J. 15: 274-278.
    • (1995) Nat. Areas J. , vol.15 , pp. 274-278
    • Rooney, T.P.1
  • 46
    • 0342272935 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • White tailed deer and 66 years of species loss in Heart's Content, an old-growth forest in Pennsylvania, USA
    • in press
    • ROONEY, T. P. AND W. J. DRESS. 1996. White tailed deer and 66 years of species loss in Heart's Content, an old-growth forest in Pennsylvania, USA. Nat. Areas J. in press
    • (1996) Nat. Areas J.
    • Rooney, T.P.1    Dress, W.J.2
  • 47
    • 0022190288 scopus 로고
    • Disturbance regimes in temperate forests
    • S. T. A. Pickett, and P. S. White [eds.], Academic Press, New York
    • RUNKLE, J. R. 1985. Disturbance regimes in temperate forests, p. 17-33. In S. T. A. Pickett, and P. S. White [eds.], The ecology of natural disturbance and patch dynamics. Academic Press, New York.
    • (1985) The Ecology of Natural Disturbance and Patch Dynamics , pp. 17-33
    • Runkle, J.R.1
  • 49
    • 0001648854 scopus 로고
    • Treefalls and colonization patterns of temperate forest herbs
    • THOMPSON, J. N. 1980. Treefalls and colonization patterns of temperate forest herbs. Amer. Midl. Nat. 104: 176-184.
    • (1980) Amer. Midl. Nat. , vol.104 , pp. 176-184
    • Thompson, J.N.1
  • 50
    • 0024882720 scopus 로고
    • Impacts of white-tailed deer on forest regeneration in northwestern Pennsylvania
    • TILGHMAN, N. G. 1989. Impacts of white-tailed deer on forest regeneration in northwestern Pennsylvania. J. Wildl. Manage. 53: 424-532.
    • (1989) J. Wildl. Manage. , vol.53 , pp. 424-532
    • Tilghman, N.G.1
  • 52
    • 0000001604 scopus 로고
    • Vegetation analysis of north and south edges in a mature oak-hickory forest
    • WALES, B. A. 1972. Vegetation analysis of north and south edges in a mature oak-hickory forest. Ecol. Monogr. 42: 451-471.
    • (1972) Ecol. Monogr. , vol.42 , pp. 451-471
    • Wales, B.A.1
  • 53
    • 0000456444 scopus 로고
    • Effect of white-tailed deer on a mature northern hardwood forest
    • WEBB, W. L., R. T. KING, AND E. F. PATRICK. 1956. Effect of white-tailed deer on a mature northern hardwood forest. J. For. 54: 391-398.
    • (1956) J. For. , vol.54 , pp. 391-398
    • Webb, W.L.1    King, R.T.2    Patrick, E.F.3
  • 54
    • 0021545011 scopus 로고
    • Fifty years of change in the arboreal vegetation of Heart's Content, an old-growth hemlock-white pine-northern hardwood stand
    • WHITNEY, G. G. 1984. Fifty years of change in the arboreal vegetation of Heart's Content, an old-growth hemlock-white pine-northern hardwood stand. Ecology 65: 403-408.
    • (1984) Ecology , vol.65 , pp. 403-408
    • Whitney, G.G.1
  • 55
    • 0025596398 scopus 로고
    • The history and status of the hemlock-hardwood forests of the Allegheny plateau
    • WHITNEY, G. G. 1990. The history and status of the hemlock-hardwood forests of the Allegheny plateau. J. Ecol. 78: 443-458.
    • (1990) J. Ecol. , vol.78 , pp. 443-458
    • Whitney, G.G.1
  • 56
    • 0002686115 scopus 로고
    • Insular ecology and conservation
    • M. E. Soule, and B. A. Wilcox, [eds.], Ch 6. Sinauer Associates Inc., Sunderland. 395 p
    • WILCOX, B. A. 1980. Insular ecology and conservation, p. 95-117. In M. E. Soule, and B. A. Wilcox, [eds.], Conservation biology: an evolutionary-ecological perspective. Ch 6. Sinauer Associates Inc., Sunderland. 395 p.
    • (1980) Conservation Biology: An Evolutionary-ecological Perspective , pp. 95-117
    • Wilcox, B.A.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.