The strange death of 'civil society' in post-communist Hungary

Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics

Volumn 13, Issue 1, 1997, Pages 41-63

  Lomax, Bill ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CIVIC PARTICIPATION; CIVIL SOCIETY; CONCEPTUAL APPROACH; GEOPOLITICAL STUDY; POLITICAL TRANSITION; SOCIAL DAMAGE;

HUNGARY;

EID: 0030810298     PISSN: 13523279     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/13523279708415331     Document Type: Article

References (57)

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2. Timothy Garton Ash, We the People: The Revolutions of '89 (Cambridge: Penguin/Granta, 1990); also David Selbourne, The Death of the Dark Hero (London: Cape, 1990).
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4. The charge that Mill believed in an 'aristocracy of intellect' was made by Arthur Roebuck, cited in Shirley Robin Letwin, The Pursuit of Certainty (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1965).
5. András Arató, 'Forradalom, civil társadalom és demokrácia Kelet-Európában', Mozgó Világ, Vol.16, No.8 (1990), p.19.
6. The exception is the philosopher Tamás Gáspar Miklós, one of the few Hungarian intellectuals who is honest about his beliefs. See his 'A Disquisition on Civil Society', Social Research, Vol.61, No.2 (Summer 1994), pp.205-22.
7. Adam Michnik, 'The New Evolutionism', Esprit, Jan. 1977; Jacek Kuron, 'What Does the Polish Opposition Want?', L'Alternative, 1979.
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10. György Konrád, Anti-Politics (London: Quartet Books, 1984), pp.133-47.
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12. Rainer Deppe, Helmut Dubiel and Ulrich Rödel (eds.), Demokratischer Umbruch in Osteuropa, p.12, cited in Ely, 'Libertarian Ecology and Civil Society', op. cit., p.143.
13. Rainer Deppe, Helmut Dubiel and Ulrich Rödel (eds.), Demokratischer Umbruch in Osteuropa, p.12, cited in Ely, 'Libertarian Ecology and Civil Society', op. cit., p.143.
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15. For example, Mary Kaldor, 'After the Cold War', New Left Review, No.180 (March-April 1990), pp.25-37, and Patrick Burke, Mark Thompson and Hilary Wainwright (eds.), After the Wall: Democracy and Movement Politics in the New Europe (Amsterdam: Transnational Institute, 1991).
16. For example, Mary Kaldor, 'After the Cold War', New Left Review, No.180 (March-April 1990), pp.25-37, and Patrick Burke, Mark Thompson and Hilary Wainwright (eds.), After the Wall: Democracy and Movement Politics in the New Europe (Amsterdam: Transnational Institute, 1991).
17. Quasi-autonomous non-governmental organization.
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20. András Körösényi, 'Stable or Fragile Democracy? Political Cleavages and Party System in Hungary', in György Szoboszlai (ed.), Flying Blind: Emerging Democracies in East-Central Europe (Budapest, Hungarian Political Science Association, 1992), p.348.
21. Zsolt Enyedi, 'On the Organizational Structure of Fidesz', manuscript, Budapest, 1994; a shortened version has been published in Magda Balázs and Zsolt Enyedi, 'Hungarian Case Studies - the Alliance of Free Democrats and the Alliance of Young Democrats', in Paul G. Lewis (ed.), Party Structure and Organization in East-Central Europe (Aldershot: Edward Elgar, 1996).
22. Zsolt Enyedi, 'On the Organizational Structure of Fidesz', manuscript, Budapest, 1994; a shortened version has been published in Magda Balázs and Zsolt Enyedi, 'Hungarian Case Studies - the Alliance of Free Democrats and the Alliance of Young Democrats', in Paul G. Lewis (ed.), Party Structure and Organization in East-Central Europe (Aldershot: Edward Elgar, 1996).
23. Máté Szabó, 'Changing Patterns of Mobilization in Hungary within New Social Movements', in Szoboszlai (ed.), Democracy and Political Transformation, p.310.
24. Terry Cox and László Vass, 'Civil Society and Interest Representation in Hungarian Political Development', in Terry Cox and Andy Furlong (eds.), Hungary: The Politics of Transition (London: Frank Cass, 1995), pp.162-3.
25. István Stumpf, 'A civil társadalom kifosztása', Magyar Nemzet, 1991, No.224.
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27. András Bozóki, 'Democrats against Democracy?', p.383. On the taxi blockade, see also Máté Szabó, 'The Taxi Driver Demonstration in Hungary - Social Protest and Policy Change', in Szoboszlai (ed.), Flying Blind, pp.357-81.
28. András Bozóki, 'Democrats against Democracy?', p.383. On the taxi blockade, see also Máté Szabó, 'The Taxi Driver Demonstration in Hungary - Social Protest and Policy Change', in Szoboszlai (ed.), Flying Blind, pp.357-81.
29. Máté Szabo, 'Társadalmi mozgalmak politikai tiltakozása', Magyar Politikai Évkönyv 1993, Demokrácia Kutatások Magyar Központja Alapítvány, 1993, pp.107-15; and Máté Szabó, 'Konfliktus, mobilizáció és tiltakozás Magyarországon - 1990-1994', Magyar Politikai Évkönyv 1994, DKMKA, 1994, pp.83-92.
30. Máté Szabo, 'Társadalmi mozgalmak politikai tiltakozása', Magyar Politikai Évkönyv 1993, Demokrácia Kutatások Magyar Központja Alapítvány, 1993, pp.107-15; and Máté Szabó, 'Konfliktus, mobilizáció és tiltakozás Magyarországon - 1990-1994', Magyar Politikai Évkönyv 1994, DKMKA, 1994, pp.83-92.
31. Cox and Vass, op. cit., p.162.
32. On the unions, see András Tóth, 'Civil társadalom és szakszervezetek', manuscript, Budapest, 1994.
33. Bill Lomax, 'The Rise and Fall of the Hungarian Working Class', in C.M. Hann (ed.), Market Economy and Civil Society in Hungary (London: Cass, 1990), pp.45-60.
34. László Kürti, 'Hierarchy and Workers' Power in a Csepel Factory', in Hann, op. cit., p.80.
35. On the workers' councils, see Erzsébet Szalai, A civil társadalomtól a politikai társadalom felé: Munkástanácsok 1989-93 (Budapest: T-Twins, 1994).
36. Ferenc Miszlivetz, 'Participation and Transition: Can the Civil Society Project Survive in Hungary?', manuscript, Budapest, 1995.
37. Cox and Vass, op. cit., pp.169-70.
38. Magyar Hirlap, 13 May 1995.
39. András Körösényi, 'Stable or Fragile Democracy? Political Cleavages and Party System in Hungary', in Szoboszlai (ed.), Flying Blind, p.349.
40. Ágnes Horváth and Árpád Szakolczai, The Dissolution of Communist Power: The Case of Hungary (London, Routledge, 1992), p.162.
41. Shlomo Avinieri in Csaba Békés (ed.), Az 1956-os magyar forradalom helye a szovjet kommunista rendszer összeomlásában (Budapest, 1956-os Intézet, 1993), p.25.
42. André Gorz, Capitalism, Socialism, Ecology (London: Verso, 1994), p.83.
43. Christopher G.A. Bryant, 'Economic Utopianism and Sociological Realism: Strategies for Transformation in East-Central Europe', in Christopher G.A. Bryant and Edmund Mokrzycki (eds.), The New Great Transformation (London: Routledge, 1994).
44. Erzsébet Szalai, The Chances of a Real Change of the System in Hungary, manuscript, Budapest, 1990, pp.18-19.
45. Attila Ágh, 'Transition to Democracy in East-Central Europe: A Comparative View', in Szoboszlai (ed.), Democracy and Political Transformation, p.119.
46. György Csepeli and Antal Örkény, Az Alkony (Budapest, ELTE Szociológiai és Szociálpolitikai Intézet, 1990); published in English as Ideology and Political Beliefs in Hungary (London: Pinter, 1992).
47. György Csepeli and Antal Örkény, Az Alkony (Budapest, ELTE Szociológiai és Szociálpolitikai Intézet, 1990); published in English as Ideology and Political Beliefs in Hungary (London: Pinter, 1992).
48. Gorz, Capitalism, Socialism, Ecology.
49. Miklós, 'Disquisition'.
50. Népszabadság, 6 May 1995.
51. On the Democratic Charter, see Bozóki, 'Democrats against Democracy?'.
52. N. and J. Mackenzie, The First Fabians (London: Weidenfield & Nicolson, 1977), p.291.
53. Sidney and Beatrice Webb, Soviet Communism: A New Civilization (London: Longman, 1941), p.1032.
54. The outstanding example of this argument is Iván Szelényi, Socialist Entrepreneurs (Cambridge: Polity, 1988).
55. Iván Szelényi, 'A technokrácia a Paradicsomba megy', 168 Ora, 1 Aug. 1995, p.10.
56. Hillel Ticktin, 'The Nature of an Epoch of Declining Capitalism', Critique, No.26 (1994), pp.69-93.
57. '"Esélyek és kényszerpályák 1989 után", Immanuel Wallersteinnel beszélget Miszlivetz Ferenc', Mozgó Világ, Vol.17, No.9 (Sept. 1991), pp.3-11.