메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 41, Issue 2, 1997, Pages 416-426

A Review of Stress Ulcer Prophylaxis in the neurosurgical intensive care unit

Author keywords

Critical care; Gastrointestinal bleeding; Neurosurgery; Stress ulcer

Indexed keywords

ANTACID AGENT; SUCRALFATE;

EID: 0030805907     PISSN: 0148396X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00006123-199708000-00017     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (62)

References (150)
  • 1
    • 0026006940 scopus 로고
    • Gastrointestinal complications in spinal cord injury
    • Albert TJ, Levine MJ, Balderston RA, Cotler JM: Gastrointestinal complications in spinal cord injury. Spine 16[Suppl 10]:S522-S525, 1991.
    • (1991) Spine , vol.16 , Issue.10 SUPPL.
    • Albert, T.J.1    Levine, M.J.2    Balderston, R.A.3    Cotler, J.M.4
  • 2
    • 0018127621 scopus 로고
    • Stomach as source of bacteria colonising respiratory tract during artificial ventilation
    • Atherton ST, White DJ: Stomach as source of bacteria colonising respiratory tract during artificial ventilation. Lancet 1:968-969, 1978.
    • (1978) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 968-969
    • Atherton, S.T.1    White, D.J.2
  • 3
    • 0342341696 scopus 로고
    • The relation of the tuber cinereum to gastric and cardiac functions: A preliminary note
    • Beatrie J: The relation of the tuber cinereum to gastric and cardiac functions: A preliminary note. Can Med Assoc J 26:278, 1932.
    • (1932) Can Med Assoc J , vol.26 , pp. 278
    • Beatrie, J.1
  • 4
    • 0023814690 scopus 로고
    • The effects of steroids upon the gastrointestinal tract
    • Black HE: The effects of steroids upon the gastrointestinal tract. Toxicol Pathol 16:213-222, 1988.
    • (1988) Toxicol Pathol , vol.16 , pp. 213-222
    • Black, H.E.1
  • 5
    • 0016184881 scopus 로고
    • Increased gastrin release following penetrating central nervous system injury
    • Bowen JC, Fleming WH, Thompson JC: Increased gastrin release following penetrating central nervous system injury. Surgery 75:720-724, 1974.
    • (1974) Surgery , vol.75 , pp. 720-724
    • Bowen, J.C.1    Fleming, W.H.2    Thompson, J.C.3
  • 7
    • 0021880647 scopus 로고
    • Current application of "high dose" Steroid therapy for CNS injury: A pharmacologic perspective
    • Braughter JM, Hall ED: Current application of "high dose" steroid therapy for CNS injury: A pharmacologic perspective. J Neurosurg 62:806-810, 1985.
    • (1985) J Neurosurg , vol.62 , pp. 806-810
    • Braughter, J.M.1    Hall, E.D.2
  • 8
    • 0024993732 scopus 로고
    • Stress-related mucosal damage: Review of drug therapy
    • Bruegge WFV, Peura DA: Stress-related mucosal damage: Review of drug therapy. J Clin Gastroenterol 12[Suppl 2]:S35-S40, 1990.
    • (1990) J Clin Gastroenterol , vol.12 , Issue.2 SUPPL.
    • Bruegge, W.F.V.1    Peura, D.A.2
  • 9
    • 0023515043 scopus 로고
    • Prophylaxis of acute stress-related gastrointestinal hemorrhage in critically ill patients
    • Cannon LA, Heiselman DE, Gardner WG, Jones J: Prophylaxis of acute stress-related gastrointestinal hemorrhage in critically ill patients. Arch Intern Med 147:2101-2106, 1987.
    • (1987) Arch Intern Med , vol.147 , pp. 2101-2106
    • Cannon, L.A.1    De Heiselman2    Gardner, W.G.3    Jones, J.4
  • 10
    • 0018881204 scopus 로고
    • Gastroscopic evaluation of anti-inflammatory agents
    • Caruso I, Porro GB: Gastroscopic evaluation of anti-inflammatory agents. BMJ 280:75-78, 1980.
    • (1980) BMJ , vol.280 , pp. 75-78
    • Caruso, I.1    Porro, G.B.2
  • 11
    • 0024500301 scopus 로고
    • Failure of cimetidine prophylaxis in neurosurgery
    • Chan K, Mann KS: Failure of cimetidine prophylaxis in neurosurgery. Aust NZJ Surg 59:133-136, 1989.
    • (1989) Aust NZJ Surg , vol.59 , pp. 133-136
    • Chan, K.1    Mann, K.S.2
  • 12
    • 0028936654 scopus 로고
    • Prospective double-blind placebo-controlled randomized trial on the use of ranitidine in preventing postoperative gastroduodenal complications in high-risk neurosurgical patients
    • Chan K, Lai ECS, Tuen H, Ngan JHK, Mok F, Fan Y, Fung C, Yu W: Prospective double-blind placebo-controlled randomized trial on the use of ranitidine in preventing postoperative gastroduodenal complications in high-risk neurosurgical patients. J Neurosurg 82:413-417, 1995.
    • (1995) J Neurosurg , vol.82 , pp. 413-417
    • Chan, K.1    Lai, E.C.S.2    Tuen, H.3    Ngan, J.H.K.4    Mok, F.5    Fan, Y.6    Fung, C.7    Yu, W.8
  • 13
    • 0024378217 scopus 로고
    • Factors influencing the development of gastrointestinal complications after neurosurgery: Results of multivariate analysis
    • Chan K, Mann KS, Lai ECS, Ngan J, Tuen H, Tue C: Factors influencing the development of gastrointestinal complications after neurosurgery: Results of multivariate analysis. Neurosurgery 25:378-382, 1989.
    • (1989) Neurosurgery , vol.25 , pp. 378-382
    • Chan, K.1    Mann, K.S.2    Lai, E.C.S.3    Ngan, J.4    Tuen, H.5    Tue, C.6
  • 14
    • 0024352956 scopus 로고
    • Effect of sucralfate on gastric mucosal blood flow in rats
    • Chen BW, Hiu WM, Lam SK, Cho CH, Teng MM, Luk CT: Effect of sucralfate on gastric mucosal blood flow in rats. Gut 30:1544-1551, 1989.
    • (1989) Gut , vol.30 , pp. 1544-1551
    • Chen, B.W.1    Hiu, W.M.2    Lam, S.K.3    Cho, C.H.4    Teng, M.M.5    Luk, C.T.6
  • 15
    • 0021323952 scopus 로고
    • Gastric mucosal blood flow: Its measurement and importance in mucosal defense mechanisms
    • Cheung LY: Gastric mucosal blood flow: Its measurement and importance in mucosal defense mechanisms. J Surg Res 36:282-288, 1984.
    • (1984) J Surg Res , vol.36 , pp. 282-288
    • Cheung, L.Y.1
  • 16
    • 0017334063 scopus 로고
    • + back-diffusion in the pathogenesis of acute gastric erosions
    • + back-diffusion in the pathogenesis of acute gastric erosions. J Surg Res 22:357-361, 1977.
    • (1977) J Surg Res , vol.22 , pp. 357-361
    • Cheung, L.Y.1    Chang, N.2
  • 17
    • 0017315695 scopus 로고
    • Nonassociation of adrenocorticosteroid therapy and peptic ulcer
    • Conn HO, Blitzer BL: Nonassociation of adrenocorticosteroid therapy and peptic ulcer. N Engl J Med 294:473-479, 1976.
    • (1976) N Engl J Med , vol.294 , pp. 473-479
    • Conn, H.O.1    Blitzer, B.L.2
  • 18
    • 0021810334 scopus 로고
    • Adrenocorticosteroid administration and peptic ulcer: A critical analysis
    • Conn HO, Poynard T: Adrenocorticosteroid administration and peptic ulcer: A critical analysis. J Chron Dis 38:457-468, 1985.
    • (1985) J Chron Dis , vol.38 , pp. 457-468
    • Conn, H.O.1    Poynard, T.2
  • 20
    • 0025817751 scopus 로고
    • Nosocomial pneumonia and the role of gastric pH: A meta-analysis
    • Cook DJ, Laine LA, Guyatt GH, Raffin TA: Nosocomial pneumonia and the role of gastric pH: A meta-analysis. Chest 100:7-13, 1991.
    • (1991) Chest , vol.100 , pp. 7-13
    • Cook, D.J.1    Laine, L.A.2    Guyatt, G.H.3    Raffin, T.A.4
  • 21
    • 0026347008 scopus 로고
    • Stress ulcer prophylaxis in the critically ill: A meta-analysis
    • Cook D, Witt LG, Cook R, Guyatt GH: Stress ulcer prophylaxis in the critically ill: A meta-analysis. Am J Med 91:519-527, 1991.
    • (1991) Am J Med , vol.91 , pp. 519-527
    • Cook, D.1    Witt, L.G.2    Cook, R.3    Guyatt, G.H.4
  • 22
    • 0014063950 scopus 로고
    • Corticosteroids and peptic ulcers: Is there a relationship?
    • Cooke AR: Corticosteroids and peptic ulcers: Is there a relationship? Am J Dig Dis 12:323-329, 1967.
    • (1967) Am J Dig Dis , vol.12 , pp. 323-329
    • Cooke, A.R.1
  • 23
    • 0023613752 scopus 로고
    • 2)-antagonists in acid suppression for the prevention of stress ulceration
    • 2)-antagonists in acid suppression for the prevention of stress ulceration. Am J Med 83:23-28, 1987.
    • (1987) Am J Med , vol.83 , pp. 23-28
    • Critchlow, J.F.1
  • 24
    • 0003343692 scopus 로고
    • Peptic ulcers and the interbrain
    • Cushing H: Peptic ulcers and the interbrain. Surg Gynecol Obstet 55:1-34, 1932.
    • (1932) Surg Gynecol Obstet , vol.55 , pp. 1-34
    • Cushing, H.1
  • 25
    • 0014804251 scopus 로고
    • Glucocorticoids and the gastrointestinal tract: Current status
    • Cushman P Jr: Glucocorticoids and the gastrointestinal tract: Current status. Gut 11:534-539, 1970.
    • (1970) Gut , vol.11 , pp. 534-539
    • Cushman P., Jr.1
  • 26
    • 0016226697 scopus 로고
    • Acute gastroduodenal disease after thermal injury: An endoscopic evaluation of incidence and natural history
    • Czaja AJ, McAlhany JC, Pruitt BA: Acute gastroduodenal disease after thermal injury: An endoscopic evaluation of incidence and natural history. N Engl J Med 291:925-929, 1974.
    • (1974) N Engl J Med , vol.291 , pp. 925-929
    • Czaja, A.J.1    McAlhany, J.C.2    Pruitt, B.A.3
  • 27
    • 0029880822 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gastrointestinal hemorrhage after acute stroke
    • Davenport RJ, Dennis MS, Warlow CP: Gastrointestinal hemorrhage after acute stroke. Stroke 27:421-124, 1996.
    • (1996) Stroke , vol.27 , pp. 421-1124
    • Davenport, R.J.1    Dennis, M.S.2    Warlow, C.P.3
  • 28
    • 0025253883 scopus 로고
    • 2-receptor antagonists in children
    • 2-receptor antagonists in children. Ann Pharmacother 24[Suppl 11]:S42-S46, 1990.
    • (1990) Ann Pharmacother , vol.24 , Issue.11 SUPPL.
    • Dimand, R.J.1
  • 29
    • 0021218128 scopus 로고
    • Gastroduodenal damage due to drugs, alcohol and smoking
    • Domschke S, Domschke W: Gastroduodenal damage due to drugs, alcohol and smoking. Clin Gastroenterol 13:405-436, 1984.
    • (1984) Clin Gastroenterol , vol.13 , pp. 405-436
    • Domschke, S.1    Domschke, W.2
  • 31
    • 0020043864 scopus 로고
    • Aspiration of gastric bacteria in antacid-treated patients: A frequent cause of postoperative colonization of the airway
    • DuMoulin GC, Paterson DG, Hedley-Whyte J, Lisbon A: Aspiration of gastric bacteria in antacid-treated patients: A frequent cause of postoperative colonization of the airway. Lancet 1:242-245, 1982.
    • (1982) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 242-245
    • DuMoulin, G.C.1    Paterson, D.G.2    Hedley-Whyte, J.3    Lisbon, A.4
  • 32
    • 0026354469 scopus 로고
    • A comparison of the frequency of stress ulceration and secondary pneumonia in sucralfate- or ranitidine-treated intensive care unit patients
    • Eddleston JM, Vohra A, Scott P, Tooth JA, Pearson RC, McCloy RF, Morton AK, Doran BH: A comparison of the frequency of stress ulceration and secondary pneumonia in sucralfate- or ranitidine-treated intensive care unit patients. Crit Care Med 19:1491-1496, 1991.
    • (1991) Crit Care Med , vol.19 , pp. 1491-1496
    • Eddleston, J.M.1    Vohra, A.2    Scott, P.3    Tooth, J.A.4    Pearson, R.C.5    McCloy, R.F.6    Morton, A.K.7    Doran, B.H.8
  • 33
    • 0019961219 scopus 로고
    • Gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with acute spinal injuries
    • El Masri W, Cochrane P, Silver JR: Gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with acute spinal injuries. Injury 14:162-167, 1982.
    • (1982) Injury , vol.14 , pp. 162-167
    • El Masri, W.1    Cochrane, P.2    Silver, J.R.3
  • 34
    • 0019365709 scopus 로고
    • Gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with spinal cord trauma: Effects of steroids, cimetidine, and mini-dose heparin
    • Epstein N, Hood DC, Ransohoff J: Gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with spinal cord trauma: Effects of steroids, cimetidine, and mini-dose heparin. J Neurosurg 54:16-20, 1981.
    • (1981) J Neurosurg , vol.54 , pp. 16-20
    • Epstein, N.1    Hood, D.C.2    Ransohoff, J.3
  • 35
    • 0027518638 scopus 로고
    • Pneumonia and stress ulceration in severely injured patients: A prospective evaluation of the effects of stress ulcer prophylaxis
    • Fabian TC, Boucher BA, Croce MA, Kuhl DA, Janning SW, Coffey BC, Kudsk KA: Pneumonia and stress ulceration in severely injured patients: A prospective evaluation of the effects of stress ulcer prophylaxis. Arch Surg 128:185-192, 1993.
    • (1993) Arch Surg , vol.128 , pp. 185-192
    • Fabian, T.C.1    Boucher, B.A.2    Croce, M.A.3    Kuhl, D.A.4    Janning, S.W.5    Coffey, B.C.6    Kudsk, K.A.7
  • 36
    • 0342780185 scopus 로고
    • Gastric secretion and acute gastroduodenal lesions following hypothalamic and preoptic stimulation: An experimental study in cats
    • Feldman S, Birnbaum D, Behar A: Gastric secretion and acute gastroduodenal lesions following hypothalamic and preoptic stimulation: An experimental study in cats. Arch Neurol 4:308-317, 1961.
    • (1961) Arch Neurol , vol.4 , pp. 308-317
    • Feldman, S.1    Birnbaum, D.2    Behar, A.3
  • 37
    • 0020619055 scopus 로고
    • Predictive value of intramural pH and other risk factors for massive bleeding from stress ulceration
    • Fiddian-Green RG, McGough E, Pittenger G, Rothman E: Predictive value of intramural pH and other risk factors for massive bleeding from stress ulceration. Gastroenterology 85:613-620, 1983.
    • (1983) Gastroenterology , vol.85 , pp. 613-620
    • Fiddian-Green, R.G.1    McGough, E.2    Pittenger, G.3    Rothman, E.4
  • 38
    • 0001332138 scopus 로고
    • Gastrointestinal hemorrhage and ulceration associated with intracranial lesions: A clinical and experimental study
    • French JD, Porter RW, von Amerongen FK, Raney RB: Gastrointestinal hemorrhage and ulceration associated with intracranial lesions: A clinical and experimental study. Surgery 32:395-407, 1952.
    • (1952) Surgery , vol.32 , pp. 395-407
    • French, J.D.1    Porter, R.W.2    Von Amerongen, F.K.3    Raney, R.B.4
  • 39
    • 0022483256 scopus 로고
    • Oral glucocorticoids and their complications: A review
    • Gallant C, Kenny P: Oral glucocorticoids and their complications: A review. J Am Acad Dermatol 14:161-177, 1986.
    • (1986) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.14 , pp. 161-177
    • Gallant, C.1    Kenny, P.2
  • 40
    • 0027494243 scopus 로고
    • Control and variability of gastric pH in critically ill children
    • Gedeit RG, Weigle CGM, Havens PL, Werlin SL: Control and variability of gastric pH in critically ill children. Crit Care Med 21:1850-1855, 1993.
    • (1993) Crit Care Med , vol.21 , pp. 1850-1855
    • Gedeit, R.G.1    Weigle, C.G.M.2    Havens, P.L.3    Werlin, S.L.4
  • 41
    • 0026149385 scopus 로고
    • Role of the central nervous system in stress ulcers
    • Glavin GB: Role of the central nervous system in stress ulcers. Compr Ther 17:3-5, 1991.
    • (1991) Compr Ther , vol.17 , pp. 3-5
    • Glavin, G.B.1
  • 42
    • 0015899840 scopus 로고
    • Divergent nature of gastric mucosal permeability and gastric acid secretion in sick patients with general surgical and neurosurgical disease
    • Gordon MJ, Skillman JJ, Zervas NT, Silen W: Divergent nature of gastric mucosal permeability and gastric acid secretion in sick patients with general surgical and neurosurgical disease. Ann Surg 178:285-294, 1973.
    • (1973) Ann Surg , vol.178 , pp. 285-294
    • Gordon, M.J.1    Skillman, J.J.2    Zervas, N.T.3    Silen, W.4
  • 43
    • 0019771938 scopus 로고
    • Gastrointestinal complications of spinal cord injury
    • Gore RM, Mintzer RA, Calenoff L: Gastrointestinal complications of spinal cord injury. Spine 6:538-544, 1981.
    • (1981) Spine , vol.6 , pp. 538-544
    • Gore, R.M.1    Mintzer, R.A.2    Calenoff, L.3
  • 44
    • 0019123115 scopus 로고
    • Epidural spinal cord compression from metastatic tumor: Results with a new treatment protocol
    • Greenberg HS, Kim JH, Posner JB: Epidural spinal cord compression from metastatic tumor: Results with a new treatment protocol. Ann Neurol 8:361-366, 1980.
    • (1980) Ann Neurol , vol.8 , pp. 361-366
    • Greenberg, H.S.1    Kim, J.H.2    Posner, J.B.3
  • 46
    • 0025010945 scopus 로고
    • Brain sites where bombesin and corticotropin-releasing factor influence gastric secretions
    • Hernandez DE, Glavin GB (eds): New York, The New York Academy of Sciences
    • Gunion MW, Tache Y: Brain sites where bombesin and corticotropin-releasing factor influence gastric secretions, in Hernandez DE, Glavin GB (eds): Neurobiology of Stress Ulcers. New York, The New York Academy of Sciences, 1990, pp 92-113.
    • (1990) Neurobiology of Stress Ulcers , pp. 92-113
    • Gunion, M.W.1    Tache, Y.2
  • 47
    • 0018921305 scopus 로고
    • Prevention of acute gastrointestinal complications after severe head injury: A controlled trial of cimetidine prophylaxis
    • Halloran LG, Zfass AM, Gayle WE, Wheeler CB, Miller JD: Prevention of acute gastrointestinal complications after severe head injury: A controlled trial of cimetidine prophylaxis. Am J Surg 139:44-48, 1980.
    • (1980) Am J Surg , vol.139 , pp. 44-48
    • Halloran, L.G.1    Zfass, A.M.2    Gayle, W.E.3    Wheeler, C.B.4    Miller, J.D.5
  • 48
    • 0018138578 scopus 로고
    • Antacid titration in the prevention of acute gastrointestinal bleeding: A controlled, randomized trial in 100 critically ill patients
    • Hastings PR, Skillman JJ, Bushnell LS, Silen W: Antacid titration in the prevention of acute gastrointestinal bleeding: A controlled, randomized trial in 100 critically ill patients. N Engl J Med 298:1041-1045, 1978.
    • (1978) N Engl J Med , vol.298 , pp. 1041-1045
    • Hastings, P.R.1    Skillman, J.J.2    Bushnell, L.S.3    Silen, W.4
  • 49
    • 0013862587 scopus 로고
    • Gastric ulcerations following experimentally induced hypoxia and hemorrhagic shock: In vivo study in pathogenesis in rabbits
    • Harjola PA, Sivula A: Gastric ulcerations following experimentally induced hypoxia and hemorrhagic shock: In vivo study in pathogenesis in rabbits. Ann Surg 163:21-28, 1966.
    • (1966) Ann Surg , vol.163 , pp. 21-28
    • Harjola, P.A.1    Sivula, A.2
  • 50
    • 0030297264 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A step-wise approach to stress ulcer prophylaxis in a neurosurgical intensive care unit
    • Hatton J, Lu WY, Rhoney DH, Dempsey R, Tibbs P, Young B: A step-wise approach to stress ulcer prophylaxis in a neurosurgical intensive care unit. Surg Neurol 46:493-499, 1996.
    • (1996) Surg Neurol , vol.46 , pp. 493-499
    • Hatton, J.1    Lu, W.Y.2    Rhoney, D.H.3    Dempsey, R.4    Tibbs, P.5    Young, B.6
  • 51
    • 0025065355 scopus 로고
    • Limbic system modulation of stress ulcer development
    • Hernandez DE, Glavin GB (eds): New York, The New York Academy of Sciences
    • Henke PG: Limbic system modulation of stress ulcer development, in Hernandez DE, Glavin GB (eds): Neurobiology of Stress Ulcers. New York, The New York Academy of Sciences 1990, pp 201-206.
    • (1990) Neurobiology of Stress Ulcers , pp. 201-206
    • Henke, P.G.1
  • 52
    • 0025081391 scopus 로고
    • The role of brain peptides in the pathogenesis of experimental stress gastric ulcers
    • Hernandez DE, Glavin GB (eds): New York, The New York Academy of Sciences
    • Hernandez DE: The role of brain peptides in the pathogenesis of experimental stress gastric ulcers, in Hernandez DE, Glavin GB (eds): Neurobiology of Stress Ulcers. New York, The New York Academy of Sciences 1990, pp 28-35.
    • (1990) Neurobiology of Stress Ulcers , pp. 28-35
    • De Hernandez1
  • 54
    • 0025242588 scopus 로고
    • 2-receptor antagonists
    • 2-receptor antagonists. Ann Pharmacother 24[Suppl 11]:S35-S37, 1990.
    • (1990) Ann Pharmacother , vol.24 , Issue.11 SUPPL.
    • Iberti, T.J.1
  • 55
    • 0015106156 scopus 로고
    • Prospective study of gastric secretion in stressed patients with intracranial injury
    • Idjadi F, Robbins R, Stahl W, Essiet G: Prospective study of gastric secretion in stressed patients with intracranial injury. J Trauma 11:681-686, 1971.
    • (1971) J Trauma , vol.11 , pp. 681-686
    • Idjadi, F.1    Robbins, R.2    Stahl, W.3    Essiet, G.4
  • 57
    • 13644272544 scopus 로고
    • Incidence of pneumonia in mechanically ventilated patients treated with sucralfate or cimetidine as prophylaxis for stress bleeding: Bacterial colonization of the stomach
    • Kappstein I, Schulgen G, Friedrich T, Hellinger P, Benzing A, Geiger K, Daschner FD: Incidence of pneumonia in mechanically ventilated patients treated with sucralfate or cimetidine as prophylaxis for stress bleeding: Bacterial colonization of the stomach. Am J Med 91:125S-131S, 1991.
    • (1991) Am J Med , vol.91
    • Kappstein, I.1    Schulgen, G.2    Friedrich, T.3    Hellinger, P.4    Benzing, A.5    Geiger, K.6    Daschner, F.D.7
  • 58
    • 0015372813 scopus 로고
    • Upper gastrointestinal bleeding as a complication of intracranial disease
    • Karch S: Upper gastrointestinal bleeding as a complication of intracranial disease. J Neurosurg 37:27-29, 1972.
    • (1972) J Neurosurg , vol.37 , pp. 27-29
    • Karch, S.1
  • 59
    • 0025266138 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of cimetidine and placebo for the prophylaxis of upper gastrointestinal bleeding due to stress-related gastric mucosal damage in the intensive care unit
    • Karlstadt RG, Iberti TJ, Silverstein J, Lindenberg L, Bright-Asare P, Rockhold F, Young MP: Comparison of cimetidine and placebo for the prophylaxis of upper gastrointestinal bleeding due to stress-related gastric mucosal damage in the intensive care unit. J Intensive Care Med 5:226-232, 1990.
    • (1990) J Intensive Care Med , vol.5 , pp. 226-232
    • Karlstadt, R.G.1    Iberti, T.J.2    Silverstein, J.3    Lindenberg, L.4    Bright-Asare, P.5    Rockhold, F.6    Young, M.P.7
  • 60
    • 0342341659 scopus 로고
    • Central neurotensin protects the mucosa by a prostaglandin-mediated mechanism and inhibits gastric acid secretion in the rat
    • Hernandez DE, Glavin GB (eds): New York, The New York Academy of Sciences
    • Kauffman GL, Zhang L, Xing L, Seaton J, Colony P, Deniers L: Central neurotensin protects the mucosa by a prostaglandin-mediated mechanism and inhibits gastric acid secretion in the rat, in Hernandez DE, Glavin GB (eds): Neurobiology of Stress Ulcers. New York, The New York Academy of Sciences, 1990, pp 81-91.
    • (1990) Neurobiology of Stress Ulcers , pp. 81-91
    • Kauffman, G.L.1    Zhang, L.2    Xing, L.3    Seaton, J.4    Colony, P.5    Deniers, L.6
  • 63
    • 0018121522 scopus 로고
    • Effect of acid secretory state on intramural pH in rabbit gastric mucosa
    • Kivilaakso E, Fromm D, Silen W: Effect of acid secretory state on intramural pH in rabbit gastric mucosa. Gastroenterology 75: 641-648, 1978.
    • (1978) Gastroenterology , vol.75 , pp. 641-648
    • Kivilaakso, E.1    Fromm, D.2    Silen, W.3
  • 64
    • 0018187296 scopus 로고
    • Relationship between ulceration and intramural pH of gastric mucosa during hemorrhagic shock
    • Kivilaakso E, Fromm D, Silen W: Relationship between ulceration and intramural pH of gastric mucosa during hemorrhagic shock. Surgery 84:70-78, 1978.
    • (1978) Surgery , vol.84 , pp. 70-78
    • Kivilaakso, E.1    Fromm, D.2    Silen, W.3
  • 65
    • 0022552296 scopus 로고
    • Bleeding from the alimentary canal during management of spinal cord injury patients
    • Kiwerski J: Bleeding from the alimentary canal during management of spinal cord injury patients. Paraplegia 24:92-96, 1986.
    • (1986) Paraplegia , vol.24 , pp. 92-96
    • Kiwerski, J.1
  • 67
    • 0024433630 scopus 로고
    • Prophylaxis of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in intensive care units: A meta-analysis
    • LaCroix J, Infante-Rivard C, Jenicek M, Gauthier M: Prophylaxis of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in intensive care units: A meta-analysis. Crit Care Med 17:862-869, 1989.
    • (1989) Crit Care Med , vol.17 , pp. 862-869
    • LaCroix, J.1    Infante-Rivard, C.2    Jenicek, M.3    Gauthier, M.4
  • 68
    • 0011885827 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of ranitidine versus placebo on 24 hour gastric pH and upper gastrointestinal (UGI) bleeding in head injury patients
    • abstr.
    • Larson G, Davidson P, Brown J, Wilson T, Bishop A: Comparison of ranitidine versus placebo on 24 hour gastric pH and upper gastrointestinal (UGI) bleeding in head injury patients. Am J Gastroenterol 84:1165, 1989 (abstr).
    • (1989) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.84 , pp. 1165
    • Larson, G.1    Davidson, P.2    Brown, J.3    Wilson, T.4    Bishop, A.5
  • 69
    • 0019497520 scopus 로고
    • Insensitivity of guaiac slide tests for detection of blood in gastric juice
    • Layne EA, Mellow MH, Lipman TO: Insensitivity of guaiac slide tests for detection of blood in gastric juice. Ann Med 94:774-776, 1981.
    • (1981) Ann Med , vol.94 , pp. 774-776
    • Layne, E.A.1    Mellow, M.H.2    Lipman, T.O.3
  • 70
    • 0025027733 scopus 로고
    • Mediation of gastrointestinal stress responses by corticotropin-releasing factor
    • Hernandez DE, Glavin GB (eds): New York, The New York Academy of Sciences
    • Lenz HJ: Mediation of gastrointestinal stress responses by corticotropin-releasing factor, in Hernandez DE, Glavin GB (eds): Neurobiology of Stress Ulcers. New York, The New York Academy of Sciences, 1990, pp 81-91.
    • (1990) Neurobiology of Stress Ulcers , pp. 81-91
    • Lenz, H.J.1
  • 71
    • 0020059252 scopus 로고
    • Massive gastroduodenal hemorrhage and perforation in acute spinal cord injury
    • Leramo OB, Tator CH, Hudson AR: Massive gastroduodenal hemorrhage and perforation in acute spinal cord injury. Surg Neurol 17:186-190, 1982.
    • (1982) Surg Neurol , vol.17 , pp. 186-190
    • Leramo, O.B.1    Tator, C.H.2    Hudson, A.R.3
  • 73
    • 0015611659 scopus 로고
    • Gastroduodenal ulceration and haemorrhage of neurogenic origin
    • Lewis E: Gastroduodenal ulceration and haemorrhage of neurogenic origin. Br J Surg 60:279-283, 1973.
    • (1973) Br J Surg , vol.60 , pp. 279-283
    • Lewis, E.1
  • 75
    • 0017366538 scopus 로고
    • 2-receptor antagonists and antacids in the prevention of acute gastrointestinal haemorrhage in fulminant hepatic failure: Two controlled trials
    • 2-receptor antagonists and antacids in the prevention of acute gastrointestinal haemorrhage in fulminant hepatic failure: Two controlled trials. Lancet 1:617-619, 1977.
    • (1977) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 617-619
    • MacDougall, B.R.D.1    Bailey, R.J.2    Williams, R.3
  • 76
    • 0012140027 scopus 로고
    • Cimetidine paraenteral for prevention of acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding in acute stroke patients
    • abstr.
    • Machfoed MH, Herainy, Eko T: Cimetidine paraenteral for prevention of acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding in acute stroke patients. Can J Neurol Sci 20[Suppl 4]:S247, 1993 (abstr).
    • (1993) Can J Neurol Sci , vol.20 , Issue.4 SUPPL.
    • Machfoed, M.H.1    Herainy2    Eko, T.3
  • 77
    • 0017452085 scopus 로고
    • The complications of high-dose corticosteroid therapy in neurosurgical patients: A prospective study
    • Marshall LF, King J, Langfitt TW: The complications of high-dose corticosteroid therapy in neurosurgical patients: A prospective study. Ann Neurol 1:201-203, 1977.
    • (1977) Ann Neurol , vol.1 , pp. 201-203
    • Marshall, L.F.1    King, J.2    Langfitt, T.W.3
  • 80
    • 0018835197 scopus 로고
    • Failure of gastric pH control by antacids or cimetidine in the critically ill: A valid sign of sepsis
    • Martin LF, Max MH, Polk HC: Failure of gastric pH control by antacids or cimetidine in the critically ill: A valid sign of sepsis. Surgery 88:59-68, 1980.
    • (1980) Surgery , vol.88 , pp. 59-68
    • Martin, L.F.1    Max, M.H.2    Polk, H.C.3
  • 81
    • 0017132246 scopus 로고
    • Antacid control of complications from acute gastroduodenal disease after burns
    • McAlhany JC, Czaja AJ, Pruitt BA: Antacid control of complications from acute gastroduodenal disease after burns. J Trauma 16:645-649, 1976.
    • (1976) J Trauma , vol.16 , pp. 645-649
    • McAlhany, J.C.1    Czaja, A.J.2    Pruitt, B.A.3
  • 82
    • 0026415350 scopus 로고
    • Sucralfate
    • McCarthy DM: Sucralfate. N Engl J Med 325:1017-1025, 1991.
    • (1991) N Engl J Med , vol.325 , pp. 1017-1025
    • McCarthy, D.M.1
  • 83
    • 0020043562 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of various techniques to monitor intragastric pH
    • Meiners D, Clift S, Kaminski D: Evaluation of various techniques to monitor intragastric pH. Arch Surg 117:288-291, 1982.
    • (1982) Arch Surg , vol.117 , pp. 288-291
    • Meiners, D.1    Clift, S.2    Kaminski, D.3
  • 84
    • 0015953309 scopus 로고
    • Mechanism of stress ulcer: Influence of hypovolemic shock on energy metabolism in the gastric mucosa
    • Menguy R, Desbaillets L, Masters YF: Mechanism of stress ulcer: Influence of hypovolemic shock on energy metabolism in the gastric mucosa. Gastroenterology 66:46-55, 1974.
    • (1974) Gastroenterology , vol.66 , pp. 46-55
    • Menguy, R.1    Desbaillets, L.2    Masters, Y.F.3
  • 85
    • 0015632734 scopus 로고
    • Effect of gastric acidity on gastric ulceration induced by hemorrhage in the rat, utilizing a gastric chamber technique
    • Mersereau WA, Hichey EJ: Effect of gastric acidity on gastric ulceration induced by hemorrhage in the rat, utilizing a gastric chamber technique. Gastroenterology 64:1130-1135, 1973.
    • (1973) Gastroenterology , vol.64 , pp. 1130-1135
    • Mersereau, W.A.1    Hichey, E.J.2
  • 87
    • 0027527150 scopus 로고
    • Impact of multiple risk-factors and ranitidine prophylaxis on the development of stress-related upper gastrointestinal bleeding: A prospective, multicenter, double-blind, randomized trial
    • Metz CA, Livingston DH, Smith S, Larson GM, Wilson TH: Impact of multiple risk-factors and ranitidine prophylaxis on the development of stress-related upper gastrointestinal bleeding: A prospective, multicenter, double-blind, randomized trial. Crit Care Med 21:1844-1849, 1993.
    • (1993) Crit Care Med , vol.21 , pp. 1844-1849
    • Metz, C.A.1    Livingston, D.H.2    Smith, S.3    Larson, G.M.4    Wilson, T.H.5
  • 89
    • 0015095972 scopus 로고
    • Hydrogen permeability of canine gastric secretory epithelium during formation of acute superficial erosions
    • Moody FG, Aldrete JS: Hydrogen permeability of canine gastric secretory epithelium during formation of acute superficial erosions. Surgery 70:154-160, 1971.
    • (1971) Surgery , vol.70 , pp. 154-160
    • Moody, F.G.1    Aldrete, J.S.2
  • 90
    • 0025203645 scopus 로고
    • 2-receptor antagonists
    • 2-receptor antagonists. Ann Pharmacother 24[Suppl 11]:S28-S30, 1990.
    • (1990) Ann Pharmacother , vol.24 , Issue.11 SUPPL.
    • Moore, J.G.1
  • 92
    • 0015252356 scopus 로고
    • Gastric secretory response to pressure on vagal nuclei
    • Norton L, Fuchs E, Eiseman B: Gastric secretory response to pressure on vagal nuclei. Am J Surg 123:13-18, 1972.
    • (1972) Am J Surg , vol.123 , pp. 13-18
    • Norton, L.1    Fuchs, E.2    Eiseman, B.3
  • 93
    • 0014835781 scopus 로고
    • Gastric secretory response to head injury
    • Norton L, Greer J, Eiseman B: Gastric secretory response to head injury. Arch Surg 101:200-204, 1970.
    • (1970) Arch Surg , vol.101 , pp. 200-204
    • Norton, L.1    Greer, J.2    Eiseman, B.3
  • 94
    • 0014848286 scopus 로고
    • Effects of a single large intravenous dose of methylprednisolone sodium succinate
    • Novak E, Stubbs SS, Seckman CE, Hearron MS: Effects of a single large intravenous dose of methylprednisolone sodium succinate. Clin Pharmacol Ther 11:711-717, 1970.
    • (1970) Clin Pharmacol Ther , vol.11 , pp. 711-717
    • Novak, E.1    Stubbs, S.S.2    Seckman, C.E.3    Hearron, M.S.4
  • 95
    • 0023613475 scopus 로고
    • 2)-receptor antagonists
    • 2)-receptor antagonists. Am J Med 83:15-22, 1987.
    • (1987) Am J Med , vol.83 , pp. 15-22
    • Ostro, M.J.1
  • 96
    • 0025030583 scopus 로고
    • Short-term high-dose corticosteroids and gastroduodenal mucosa: A prospective clinical study on renal transplant recipients
    • Paimela H, Hockerstedt K, von Numers H, Ahonen J: Short-term high-dose corticosteroids and gastroduodenal mucosa: A prospective clinical study on renal transplant recipients. Transplant Int 3:62-65, 1990.
    • (1990) Transplant Int , vol.3 , pp. 62-65
    • Paimela, H.1    Hockerstedt, K.2    Von Numers, H.3    Ahonen, J.4
  • 97
    • 0025151418 scopus 로고
    • Decreased gastric acid output following neuropeptide Y administration into the lateral cerebral ventricle of conscious rats
    • Hernandez DE, Glavin GB (eds): New York, The New York Academy of Sciences
    • Penner SB, Smyth DD, Glavin GB: Decreased gastric acid output following neuropeptide Y administration into the lateral cerebral ventricle of conscious rats, in Hernandez DE, Glavin GB (eds): Neurobiology of Stress Ulcers. New York, The New York Academy of Sciences 1990, pp 43-50.
    • (1990) Neurobiology of Stress Ulcers , pp. 43-50
    • Penner, S.B.1    Smyth, D.D.2    Glavin, G.B.3
  • 99
    • 0020397605 scopus 로고
    • Peptic ulcer disease and other complications in patients receiving dexamethasone palliation for brain metastasis
    • Pezner RD, Lipsett JA: Peptic ulcer disease and other complications in patients receiving dexamethasone palliation for brain metastasis. West Med J 137:375-378, 1982.
    • (1982) West Med J , vol.137 , pp. 375-378
    • Pezner, R.D.1    Lipsett, J.A.2
  • 100
    • 0025366111 scopus 로고
    • Bleeding peptic ulcer: Epidemiology and nonsurgical treatment
    • Peterson WL: Bleeding peptic ulcer: Epidemiology and nonsurgical treatment. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 19:155-170, 1990.
    • (1990) Gastroenterol Clin North Am , vol.19 , pp. 155-170
    • Peterson, W.L.1
  • 101
    • 0023623395 scopus 로고
    • Stress-related mucosal damage: An overview
    • Peura DA: Stress-related mucosal damage: An overview. Am J Med 83:3-7, 1987.
    • (1987) Am J Med , vol.83 , pp. 3-7
    • Peura, D.A.1
  • 102
    • 0021804965 scopus 로고
    • Cimetidine for prevention and treatment of gastroduodenal mucosal lesions in patients in an intensive care unit
    • Peura DA, Johnson LF: Cimetidine for prevention and treatment of gastroduodenal mucosal lesions in patients in an intensive care unit. Ann Intern Med 103:173-177, 1985.
    • (1985) Ann Intern Med , vol.103 , pp. 173-177
    • Peura, D.A.1    Johnson, L.F.2
  • 103
    • 0027507803 scopus 로고
    • Occurrence of nosocomial pneumonia in mechanically ventilated trauma patients: A comparison of sucralfate and ranitidine
    • Pickworth KK, Falcone RE, Hoogeboom JE, Santanello SA: Occurrence of nosocomial pneumonia in mechanically ventilated trauma patients: A comparison of sucralfate and ranitidine. Crit Care Med 21:1856-1862, 1993.
    • (1993) Crit Care Med , vol.21 , pp. 1856-1862
    • Pickworth, K.K.1    Falcone, R.E.2    Hoogeboom, J.E.3    Santanello, S.A.4
  • 104
    • 0022456204 scopus 로고
    • Enteral nutrition in patients receiving mechanical ventilation
    • Pingleton SK, Hinthorn D, Luci C: Enteral nutrition in patients receiving mechanical ventilation. Am J Med 80:827-832, 1986.
    • (1986) Am J Med , vol.80 , pp. 827-832
    • Pingleton, S.K.1    Hinthorn, D.2    Luci, C.3
  • 105
    • 0021813889 scopus 로고
    • Does antacid prophylaxis prevent upper gastrointestinal bleeding in critically ill patients?
    • Pinilla JC, Oleniuk FH, Reed D, Malik B, Laverty WH: Does antacid prophylaxis prevent upper gastrointestinal bleeding in critically ill patients? Crit Care Med 13:646-650, 1985.
    • (1985) Crit Care Med , vol.13 , pp. 646-650
    • Pinilla, J.C.1    Oleniuk, F.H.2    Reed, D.3    Malik, B.4    Laverty, W.H.5
  • 106
    • 0022633829 scopus 로고
    • Cimetidine versus antacids in the prevention of stress erosions in critically ill patients
    • Polesky H, Soanier AH: Cimetidine versus antacids in the prevention of stress erosions in critically ill patients. Am J Gastroenterol 81:107-111, 1986.
    • (1986) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.81 , pp. 107-111
    • Polesky, H.1    Soanier, A.H.2
  • 107
    • 0018903206 scopus 로고
    • Antacid versus cimetidine in preventing acute gastrointestinal bleeding: A randomized trial in 75 critically ill patients
    • Priebe HJ, Skillman JJ, Bushnell LS, Long PC, Silen W: Antacid versus cimetidine in preventing acute gastrointestinal bleeding: A randomized trial in 75 critically ill patients. N Engl J Med 302:426-430, 1980.
    • (1980) N Engl J Med , vol.302 , pp. 426-430
    • Priebe, H.J.1    Skillman, J.J.2    Bushnell, L.S.3    Long, P.C.4    Silen, W.5
  • 108
    • 0011871890 scopus 로고
    • Continuous infusion ranitidine to control intragastric pH following serious head injury
    • abstr.
    • Rapp RP, Young AB, Tibbs P, Dempsey R, Foster TS: Continuous infusion ranitidine to control intragastric pH following serious head injury. Pharmacotherapy 9:184, 1989 (abstr).
    • (1989) Pharmacotherapy , vol.9 , pp. 184
    • Rapp, R.P.1    Young, A.B.2    Tibbs, P.3    Dempsey, R.4    Foster, T.S.5
  • 109
    • 0022454801 scopus 로고
    • The comparative efficacy of cimetidine and ranitidine in controlling gastric pH in critically ill patients
    • Reid SR, Bayliff CD: The comparative efficacy of cimetidine and ranitidine in controlling gastric pH in critically ill patients. Can Anaesth Soc J 33:287-293, 1986.
    • (1986) Can Anaesth Soc J , vol.33 , pp. 287-293
    • Reid, S.R.1    Bayliff, C.D.2
  • 111
    • 0024314236 scopus 로고
    • Role of gastric colonization in nosocomial infections and endotoxemia: A prospective study in neurosurgical patients on mechanical ventilation
    • Reusser P, Zimmerli W, Scheidegger D, Marbet GA, Buser M, Gyr K: Role of gastric colonization in nosocomial infections and endotoxemia: A prospective study in neurosurgical patients on mechanical ventilation. J Infect Dis 160:414-421, 1989.
    • (1989) J Infect Dis , vol.160 , pp. 414-421
    • Reusser, P.1    Zimmerli, W.2    Scheidegger, D.3    Marbet, G.A.4    Buser, M.5    Gyr, K.6
  • 112
    • 0025240827 scopus 로고
    • Prospective endoscopie study of stress erosions and ulcers in critically ill neurosurgical patients: Current incidence and effect of acid-reducing prophylaxis
    • Reusser P, Gyr K, Scheidegger D, Buchmann B, Buser M, Zimmerli W: Prospective endoscopie study of stress erosions and ulcers in critically ill neurosurgical patients: Current incidence and effect of acid-reducing prophylaxis. Crit Care Med 18:270-294, 1990.
    • (1990) Crit Care Med , vol.18 , pp. 270-294
    • Reusser, P.1    Gyr, K.2    Scheidegger, D.3    Buchmann, B.4    Buser, M.5    Zimmerli, W.6
  • 113
    • 0017875313 scopus 로고
    • 2-receptor antagonists on gastric acid secretion and serum gastrin concentration
    • 2-receptor antagonists on gastric acid secretion and serum gastrin concentration. Gastroenterology 74:366-370, 1978.
    • (1978) Gastroenterology , vol.74 , pp. 366-370
    • Richardson, C.T.1
  • 114
    • 0016738641 scopus 로고
    • Acute gastric mucosal damage induced by bile salts, acid ischemia
    • Ritchie WP: Acute gastric mucosal damage induced by bile salts, acid ischemia. Gastroenterology 68:699-707, 1975.
    • (1975) Gastroenterology , vol.68 , pp. 699-707
    • Ritchie, W.P.1
  • 115
    • 2642659976 scopus 로고
    • Stress ulcers
    • Sleisenger MJ, Fordtran JS, (eds): W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia, ed 3
    • Robert A, Kauffman GL Jr: Stress ulcers, in Sleisenger MJ, Fordtran JS, (eds): Gastrointestinal Disease. W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia, 1984, ed 3, pp 612-625.
    • (1984) Gastrointestinal Disease , pp. 612-625
    • Robert, A.1    Kauffman G.L., Jr.2
  • 118
    • 0027369310 scopus 로고
    • Nosocomial pneumonia during stress ulcer prophylaxis with cimetidine and sucralfate
    • Ryan P, Dawson J, Teres D, Celoria G, Navab F: Nosocomial pneumonia during stress ulcer prophylaxis with cimetidine and sucralfate. Arch Surg 128:1353-1357, 1993.
    • (1993) Arch Surg , vol.128 , pp. 1353-1357
    • Ryan, P.1    Dawson, J.2    Teres, D.3    Celoria, G.4    Navab, F.5
  • 119
    • 0018353798 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies in patients with cimetidine-associated mental confusion
    • Schentag JJ, Cerra FB, Calleri G, DeGlopper E, Rose JQ, Bernhard H: Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies in patients with cimetidine-associated mental confusion. Lancet 1:177-181, 1979.
    • (1979) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 177-181
    • Schentag, J.J.1    Cerra, F.B.2    Calleri, G.3    DeGlopper, E.4    Rose, J.Q.5    Bernhard, H.6
  • 120
    • 0021179820 scopus 로고
    • Prospective evaluation of the risk of upper gastrointestinal bleeding after admission to a medical intensive care unit
    • Schuster DP, Rowley H, Feinstein S, McGue MK, Zuckerman GR: Prospective evaluation of the risk of upper gastrointestinal bleeding after admission to a medical intensive care unit. Am J Med 76:623-630, 1984.
    • (1984) Am J Med , vol.76 , pp. 623-630
    • Schuster, D.P.1    Rowley, H.2    Feinstein, S.3    McGue, M.K.4    Zuckerman, G.R.5
  • 121
    • 0022558890 scopus 로고
    • Side-effects of corticosteroid agents
    • Scale JP, Compton MR: Side-effects of corticosteroid agents. Med J Austr 144:139-142, 1986.
    • (1986) Med J Austr , vol.144 , pp. 139-142
    • Scale, J.P.1    Compton, M.R.2
  • 122
    • 0023256433 scopus 로고
    • Prophylactic therapy for stress ulcer bleeding: A reappraisal
    • Shuman RB, Schuster DP, Zuckerman GR: Prophylactic therapy for stress ulcer bleeding: A reappraisal. Ann Intern Med 106: 562-567, 1987.
    • (1987) Ann Intern Med , vol.106 , pp. 562-567
    • Shuman, R.B.1    Schuster, D.P.2    Zuckerman, G.R.3
  • 123
    • 0022931008 scopus 로고
    • A dosage alternative for H2-receptor antagonists: Constant infusion
    • Siepler JK: A dosage alternative for H2-receptor antagonists: Constant infusion. Clin Ther 8[Suppl A]:24-33, 1986.
    • (1986) Clin Ther , vol.8 , Issue.SUPPL. A , pp. 24-33
    • Siepler, J.K.1
  • 125
    • 0343211306 scopus 로고
    • Stress ulcers and erosive gastritis
    • Scott HW, Sawyers JL (eds): Boston, Blackwell Scientific Publications
    • Silen W: Stress ulcers and erosive gastritis, in Scott HW, Sawyers JL (eds): Surgery of the Stomach, Duodenum, and Small Intestine. Boston, Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1992, pp 288-296.
    • (1992) Surgery of the Stomach, Duodenum, and Small Intestine , pp. 288-296
    • Silen, W.1
  • 126
    • 0014504024 scopus 로고
    • Respiratory failure, hypotension, sepsis, and jaundice: A clinical syndrome associated with lethal hemorrhage from acute stress ulceration of the stomach
    • Skillman JJ, Bushnell LS, Goldman H, Silen W: Respiratory failure, hypotension, sepsis, and jaundice: A clinical syndrome associated with lethal hemorrhage from acute stress ulceration of the stomach. Am J Surg 117:523-530, 1969.
    • (1969) Am J Surg , vol.117 , pp. 523-530
    • Skillman, J.J.1    Bushnell, L.S.2    Goldman, H.3    Silen, W.4
  • 127
    • 0014863832 scopus 로고
    • The gastric mucosal barrier: Clinical and experimental studies in critically ill and normal man, and in the rabbit
    • Skillman JJ, Gould SA, Chung RSK, Silen W: The gastric mucosal barrier: Clinical and experimental studies in critically ill and normal man, and in the rabbit. Ann Surg 172:564-584, 1970.
    • (1970) Ann Surg , vol.172 , pp. 564-584
    • Skillman, J.J.1    Gould, S.A.2    Chung, R.S.K.3    Silen, W.4
  • 128
    • 0020999237 scopus 로고
    • Management of spinal epidural metastases
    • Slatkin NE, Posner JB: Management of spinal epidural metastases. Clin Neurosurg 30:698-716, 1982.
    • (1982) Clin Neurosurg , vol.30 , pp. 698-716
    • Slatkin, N.E.1    Posner, J.B.2
  • 129
    • 0024949320 scopus 로고
    • Nature of the enhancement of the protective qualities of gastric mucus by sucralfate
    • Slomiany BL, Piotrowski J, Okazaki E, Grzelinska W, Slomiany A: Nature of the enhancement of the protective qualities of gastric mucus by sucralfate. Digestion 44:222-231, 1989.
    • (1989) Digestion , vol.44 , pp. 222-231
    • Slomiany, B.L.1    Piotrowski, J.2    Okazaki, E.3    Grzelinska, W.4    Slomiany, A.5
  • 130
    • 0022377847 scopus 로고
    • Increased susceptibility of patients with cervical cord lesions to peptic gastrointestinal complications
    • Soderstrom CA, Ducker TB: Increased susceptibility of patients with cervical cord lesions to peptic gastrointestinal complications. J Trauma 25:1030-1038, 1985.
    • (1985) J Trauma , vol.25 , pp. 1030-1038
    • Soderstrom, C.A.1    Ducker, T.B.2
  • 131
    • 0017118127 scopus 로고
    • Aspiration pneumonia: Incidence of aspiration with endotracheal tubes
    • Spray SB, Zuidema GD, Cameron JL: Aspiration pneumonia: Incidence of aspiration with endotracheal tubes. Am J Surg 131:701-703, 1976.
    • (1976) Am J Surg , vol.131 , pp. 701-703
    • Spray, S.B.1    Zuidema, G.D.2    Cameron, J.L.3
  • 132
    • 0026597013 scopus 로고
    • Endoscopic interventional management of bleeding duodenal and gastric ulcers
    • Sugawa C, Joseph AL: Endoscopic interventional management of bleeding duodenal and gastric ulcers. Surg Clin North Am 72:317-334, 1992.
    • (1992) Surg Clin North Am , vol.72 , pp. 317-334
    • Sugawa, C.1    Joseph, A.L.2
  • 133
    • 0025151419 scopus 로고
    • Brain regulation of gastric acid secretion by peptides: Sites and mechanisms of action
    • Hernandez DE, Glavin GB (eds): New York, The New York Academy of Sciences
    • Tache Y, Yang H: Brain regulation of gastric acid secretion by peptides: Sites and mechanisms of action, in Hernandez DE, Glavin GB (eds): Neurobiology of Stress Ulcers. New York, The New York Academy of Sciences, 1990, pp 128-145.
    • (1990) Neurobiology of Stress Ulcers , pp. 128-145
    • Tache, Y.1    Yang, H.2
  • 134
    • 0018427584 scopus 로고
    • Pentagastrin protects against stress ulceration in rats
    • Takeuchi K, Johnson LR: Pentagastrin protects against stress ulceration in rats. Gastroenterology 76:327-334, 1979.
    • (1979) Gastroenterology , vol.76 , pp. 327-334
    • Takeuchi, K.1    Johnson, L.R.2
  • 135
    • 0024333977 scopus 로고
    • Corticosteroids: A review with emphasis on complications of prolonged systemic therapy
    • Truhan AP, Ahmed R: Corticosteroids: A review with emphasis on complications of prolonged systemic therapy. Ann Allergy 62:375-391, 1989.
    • (1989) Ann Allergy , vol.62 , pp. 375-391
    • Truhan, A.P.1    Ahmed, R.2
  • 136
    • 0013673392 scopus 로고
    • 2-receptor antagonists: An overview
    • 2-receptor antagonists: An overview. Hosp Forma! 26[Suppl D]:4-7, 1991.
    • (1991) Hosp Formul , vol.2600 , Issue.SUPPL. D , pp. 4-7
    • Trudeau, W.L.1    Siepler, J.K.2
  • 137
    • 0023636292 scopus 로고
    • Antibacterial activity of sucralfate in human gastric juice
    • Tryba M: Antibacterial activity of sucralfate in human gastric juice. Am J Med 83[Suppl 3B]:125-127, 1987.
    • (1987) Am J Med , vol.83 , Issue.SUPPL. 3B , pp. 125-127
    • Tryba, M.1
  • 138
    • 0024393945 scopus 로고
    • Side effects of stress bleeding prophylaxis
    • Tryba M: Side effects of stress bleeding prophylaxis. Am J Med 86:85-93, 1989.
    • (1989) Am J Med , vol.86 , pp. 85-93
    • Tryba, M.1
  • 139
    • 0025312395 scopus 로고
    • Stress bleeding prophylaxis with sucralfate: Pathophysiologic basis and clinical use
    • Tryba M: Stress bleeding prophylaxis with sucralfate: Pathophysiologic basis and clinical use. Scand J Gastroenterol 25[Suppl. 173]1:22-33, 1990.
    • (1990) Scand J Gastroenterol , vol.25 , Issue.1731 SUPPL. , pp. 22-33
    • Tryba, M.1
  • 140
    • 0026048054 scopus 로고
    • Prophylaxis of stress ulcer bleeding: A meta-analysis
    • Tryba M: Prophylaxis of stress ulcer bleeding: A meta-analysis. J Clin Gastroenterol 13[Suppl 2]:S44-S55, 1991.
    • (1991) J Clin Gastroenterol , vol.13 , Issue.2 SUPPL.
    • Tryba, M.1
  • 141
    • 0025808141 scopus 로고
    • 2-antagonists for stress ulcer prophylaxis: A meta-analysis on efficacy and pneumonia rate
    • 2-antagonists for stress ulcer prophylaxis: A meta-analysis on efficacy and pneumonia rate. Grit Care Med 19:942-949 1991.
    • (1991) Grit Care Med , vol.19 , pp. 942-949
    • Tryba, M.1
  • 142
    • 84907041167 scopus 로고
    • Gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with acute spinal injuries
    • Walters K, Silver SR: Gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with acute spinal injuries, Int Rehabil Med 8:44-47, 1986.
    • (1986) Int Rehabil Med , vol.8 , pp. 44-47
    • Walters, K.1    Silver, S.R.2
  • 143
    • 0014471225 scopus 로고
    • Gastric acidity in the comatose patient
    • Watts CC, Clark K: Gastric acidity in the comatose patient. J Neurosurg 30:107-109, 1969.
    • (1969) J Neurosurg , vol.30 , pp. 107-109
    • Watts, C.C.1    Clark, K.2
  • 144
    • 0343646750 scopus 로고
    • Gastrointestinal bleeding in the critical care unit
    • Sugawa C, Schuman BM, Lucas CE (eds): New York, Igaku-Shoin
    • Weber FH, Peura DA: Gastrointestinal bleeding in the critical care unit, in Sugawa C, Schuman BM, Lucas CE (eds): Gastrointestinal Bleeding. New York, Igaku-Shoin, 1.992, pp 119-131.
    • (1992) Gastrointestinal Bleeding , pp. 119-131
    • Weber, F.H.1    Peura, D.A.2
  • 147
    • 0023185466 scopus 로고
    • Severe thrombocytopenia due to combined cimetidine and phenytoin therapy
    • Yue CP, Mann KS, Chan KH: Severe thrombocytopenia due to combined cimetidine and phenytoin therapy. Neurosnrgery 20: 963-965, 1987.
    • (1987) Neurosurgery , vol.20 , pp. 963-965
    • Yue, C.P.1    Mann, K.S.2    Chan, K.H.3
  • 148
    • 0021277090 scopus 로고
    • A double-blind, randomized, controlled study to investigate the efficacy of cimetidine given in addition to conventional therapy in the prevention of stress ulceration and haemorrhage in patients with acute spinal injury
    • Zach GA, Gyr KE, Alvensleben EV, Mills JG, Stalder GA, Dunn SL, Bloom S: A double-blind, randomized, controlled study to investigate the efficacy of cimetidine given in addition to conventional therapy in the prevention of stress ulceration and haemorrhage in patients with acute spinal injury. Digestion 29:214-222/1984.
    • (1984) Digestion , vol.29 , pp. 214-222
    • Zach, G.A.1    Gyr, K.E.2    Alvensleben, E.V.3    Mills, J.G.4    Stalder, G.A.5    Dunn, S.L.6    Bloom, S.7
  • 149
    • 0019413689 scopus 로고
    • The prevention of upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding in patients in an intensive care unit
    • Zinner MJ, Zuidema GD, Smith PL, Mignosa M: The prevention of upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding in patients in an intensive care unit. Surg Gynecol Obstet 153:214-220, 1981.
    • (1981) Surg Gynecol Obstet , vol.153 , pp. 214-220
    • Zinner, M.J.1    Zuidema, G.D.2    Smith, P.L.3    Mignosa, M.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.