Market economy and democratic polity

Democratization

Volumn 4, Issue 1, 1997, Pages 76-93

  Beetham, David ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CIVIL SOCIETY; DEMOCRATISATION; MARKET ECONOMY; POLITICAL THEORY; THEORETICAL STUDY;

EID: 0030803745     PISSN: 13510347     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/13510349708403503     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. For a discussion of Adam Ferguson, see the contribution by John Varty in this collection.
2. For example, Ernest Gellner, Conditions of Liberty: Civil Society and its Rivals (London: Hamish Hamilton, 1994); Victor M. Perez-Diaz, The Return of Civil Society (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1993).
3. For example, Ernest Gellner, Conditions of Liberty: Civil Society and its Rivals (London: Hamish Hamilton, 1994); Victor M. Perez-Diaz, The Return of Civil Society (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1993).
4. Jean Cohen and Andrew Arato, Civil Society and Political Theory (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1992); Andrew Arato, 'The Rise, Decline and Reconstruction of the Concept of Civil Society, and Directions for Future Research', in Adolf Bibic and Gigi Graziano (eds.), Civil Society, Political Society, Democracy (Ljubljana: Slovenian Political Science Association, 1994); Jürgen Habermas, The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1989).
5. Jean Cohen and Andrew Arato, Civil Society and Political Theory (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1992); Andrew Arato, 'The Rise, Decline and Reconstruction of the Concept of Civil Society, and Directions for Future Research', in Adolf Bibic and Gigi Graziano (eds.), Civil Society, Political Society, Democracy (Ljubljana: Slovenian Political Science Association, 1994); Jürgen Habermas, The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1989).
6. Jean Cohen and Andrew Arato, Civil Society and Political Theory (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1992); Andrew Arato, 'The Rise, Decline and Reconstruction of the Concept of Civil Society, and Directions for Future Research', in Adolf Bibic and Gigi Graziano (eds.), Civil Society, Political Society, Democracy (Ljubljana: Slovenian Political Science Association, 1994); Jürgen Habermas, The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1989).
7. Francis Fukuyama, 'The End of History?', The National Interest, No.16 (Summer 1989), pp.3-18.
8. Journal of Democracy, Vol.5, No.4 (Oct. 1994), Special Issue on 'Economic Reform and Democracy'. See especially Moises Naim, 'Latin America: The Second Stage of Reform', pp.32-48; Joan M. Nelson, 'Linkages between Politics and Economics', pp.49-62; Minxin Pei, 'The Puzzle of East Asian Exceptionalism', pp.90-103. See also Adam Przeworski, Democracy and the Market (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991); Iain McLean, 'Democratization and Economic Liberalization: Which is the Chicken and Which is the Egg?', Democratization, Vol.1, No.1 (Spring 1994), pp.27-40; Padma Desai, 'Beyond Shock Therapy', Journal of Democracy, Vol.6, No.2 (April 1995), pp.102-12.
9. Journal of Democracy, Vol.5, No.4 (Oct. 1994), Special Issue on 'Economic Reform and Democracy'. See especially Moises Naim, 'Latin America: The Second Stage of Reform', pp.32-48; Joan M. Nelson, 'Linkages between Politics and Economics', pp.49-62; Minxin Pei, 'The Puzzle of East Asian Exceptionalism', pp.90-103. See also Adam Przeworski, Democracy and the Market (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991); Iain McLean, 'Democratization and Economic Liberalization: Which is the Chicken and Which is the Egg?', Democratization, Vol.1, No.1 (Spring 1994), pp.27-40; Padma Desai, 'Beyond Shock Therapy', Journal of Democracy, Vol.6, No.2 (April 1995), pp.102-12.
10. Journal of Democracy, Vol.5, No.4 (Oct. 1994), Special Issue on 'Economic Reform and Democracy'. See especially Moises Naim, 'Latin America: The Second Stage of Reform', pp.32-48; Joan M. Nelson, 'Linkages between Politics and Economics', pp.49-62; Minxin Pei, 'The Puzzle of East Asian Exceptionalism', pp.90-103. See also Adam Przeworski, Democracy and the Market (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991); Iain McLean, 'Democratization and Economic Liberalization: Which is the Chicken and Which is the Egg?', Democratization, Vol.1, No.1 (Spring 1994), pp.27-40; Padma Desai, 'Beyond Shock Therapy', Journal of Democracy, Vol.6, No.2 (April 1995), pp.102-12.
11. Journal of Democracy, Vol.5, No.4 (Oct. 1994), Special Issue on 'Economic Reform and Democracy'. See especially Moises Naim, 'Latin America: The Second Stage of Reform', pp.32-48; Joan M. Nelson, 'Linkages between Politics and Economics', pp.49-62; Minxin Pei, 'The Puzzle of East Asian Exceptionalism', pp.90-103. See also Adam Przeworski, Democracy and the Market (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991); Iain McLean, 'Democratization and Economic Liberalization: Which is the Chicken and Which is the Egg?', Democratization, Vol.1, No.1 (Spring 1994), pp.27-40; Padma Desai, 'Beyond Shock Therapy', Journal of Democracy, Vol.6, No.2 (April 1995), pp.102-12.
12. Journal of Democracy, Vol.5, No.4 (Oct. 1994), Special Issue on 'Economic Reform and Democracy'. See especially Moises Naim, 'Latin America: The Second Stage of Reform', pp.32-48; Joan M. Nelson, 'Linkages between Politics and Economics', pp.49-62; Minxin Pei, 'The Puzzle of East Asian Exceptionalism', pp.90-103. See also Adam Przeworski, Democracy and the Market (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991); Iain McLean, 'Democratization and Economic Liberalization: Which is the Chicken and Which is the Egg?', Democratization, Vol.1, No.1 (Spring 1994), pp.27-40; Padma Desai, 'Beyond Shock Therapy', Journal of Democracy, Vol.6, No.2 (April 1995), pp.102-12.
13. Journal of Democracy, Vol.5, No.4 (Oct. 1994), Special Issue on 'Economic Reform and Democracy'. See especially Moises Naim, 'Latin America: The Second Stage of Reform', pp.32-48; Joan M. Nelson, 'Linkages between Politics and Economics', pp.49-62; Minxin Pei, 'The Puzzle of East Asian Exceptionalism', pp.90-103. See also Adam Przeworski, Democracy and the Market (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991); Iain McLean, 'Democratization and Economic Liberalization: Which is the Chicken and Which is the Egg?', Democratization, Vol.1, No.1 (Spring 1994), pp.27-40; Padma Desai, 'Beyond Shock Therapy', Journal of Democracy, Vol.6, No.2 (April 1995), pp.102-12.
14. Journal of Democracy, Vol.5, No.4 (Oct. 1994), Special Issue on 'Economic Reform and Democracy'. See especially Moises Naim, 'Latin America: The Second Stage of Reform', pp.32-48; Joan M. Nelson, 'Linkages between Politics and Economics', pp.49-62; Minxin Pei, 'The Puzzle of East Asian Exceptionalism', pp.90-103. See also Adam Przeworski, Democracy and the Market (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991); Iain McLean, 'Democratization and Economic Liberalization: Which is the Chicken and Which is the Egg?', Democratization, Vol.1, No.1 (Spring 1994), pp.27-40; Padma Desai, 'Beyond Shock Therapy', Journal of Democracy, Vol.6, No.2 (April 1995), pp.102-12.
15. Journal of Democracy, Vol.5, No.4 (Oct. 1994), Special Issue on 'Economic Reform and Democracy'. See especially Moises Naim, 'Latin America: The Second Stage of Reform', pp.32-48; Joan M. Nelson, 'Linkages between Politics and Economics', pp.49-62; Minxin Pei, 'The Puzzle of East Asian Exceptionalism', pp.90-103. See also Adam Przeworski, Democracy and the Market (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991); Iain McLean, 'Democratization and Economic Liberalization: Which is the Chicken and Which is the Egg?', Democratization, Vol.1, No.1 (Spring 1994), pp.27-40; Padma Desai, 'Beyond Shock Therapy', Journal of Democracy, Vol.6, No.2 (April 1995), pp.102-12.
16. For an early formulation of this proposition, see Milton Friedman, Capitalism and Freedom (Chicago, IL: Chicago University Press, 1962), p.10; for a recent one, see Jagdish Bhagwati, 'Democracy and Development', Journal of Democracy, Vol.3, No.3 (July 1992), p.40.
17. For an early formulation of this proposition, see Milton Friedman, Capitalism and Freedom (Chicago, IL: Chicago University Press, 1962), p.10; for a recent one, see Jagdish Bhagwati, 'Democracy and Development', Journal of Democracy, Vol.3, No.3 (July 1992), p.40.
18. Charles E. Lindblom, Politics and Markets (New York: Basic Books, 1977), pp.16-2.
19. Peter L. Berger, 'The Uncertain Triumph of Democratic Capitalism', Journal of Democracy, Vol.3, No.3 (July 1992), p.9.
20. For a fuller discussion of the definition of democracy, its key principles and their realization in institutional form, see my chapter 'Key Principles and Indices for a Democratic Audit', in David Beetham (ed.), Defining and Measuring Democracy (London: Sage Publications, 1994), pp.25-13.
21. Joseph Schumpeter, Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy (London: Allen & Unwin, 5th edn., 1952), p.297; Friedman, op. cit., p.15.
22. Joseph Schumpeter, Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy (London: Allen & Unwin, 5th edn., 1952), p.297; Friedman, op. cit., p.15.
23. See, for example, Gellner: 'Civil society is based on the separation of the polity from economic and social life ... The autonomy of the economy is needed so as to provide pluralism with a social base which it cannot any longer find anywhere else', Ernest Gellner, Conditions of Liberty (London: Hamish Hamilton, 1994), p.212.
24. 'Independence' should not be confused with 'freedom', as a consideration of their opposites will make clear: restriction or obstruction vs. dependency.
25. Max Weber, Economy and Society (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1978), pp.164-6.
26. For a fuller discussion, see David Beetham, 'Conditions for Democratic Consolidation', Review of African Political Economy, No.60 (1994), pp.157-72.
27. See Friedman, op. cit., Ch.I, 'The Relation between Economic Freedom and Political Freedom'.
28. Lindblom, op. cit., p.164.
29. 'The bourgeoisie correctly understood that all the so-called bourgeois liberties and organs of progress were attacking and threatening its own class rule ... and that its political power must be broken in order to preserve its social power intact.' Karl Marx, 'Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte', in Political Writings, Vol.2 (ed. David Fernbach) (Harmondsworth: Penguin Books, 1973), pp.189-90.
30. Quoted in David Beetham, Max Weber and the Theory of Modern Politics (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1984), pp.46-7.
31. See, for example, Dietrich Rueschemeyer, Evelyne Huber Stephens and John D. Stephens, Capitalist Development and Democracy (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1992), p.98: 'The working class, not the middle class, was the driving force behind democracy.'
32. Most famously by Anthony Downs in An Economic Theory of Democracy (New York: Harper & Row, 1957).
33. The connection is particularly evident in Benthamite utilitarianism; see Jeremy Bentham, 'Constitutional Code', in Collected Works, Vol.9 (ed. Bowring) (Edinburgh: William Tate, 1843).
34. Samuel P. Huntington, The Third Wave: Democratization in the Late Twentieth Century (Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, 1991).
35. Robert Nozick, Anarchy, State and Utopia (Oxford: Blackwell, 1974); Friedman, op. cit., Ch.10.
36. Robert Nozick, Anarchy, State and Utopia (Oxford: Blackwell, 1974); Friedman, op. cit., Ch.10.
37. Diane Elson, 'choice in the small does not provide choice in the large', quoted in Adam Przeworski, 'The Neoliberal Fallacy', Journal of Democracy, Vol.3, No.3 (July 1992), p.53.
38. See Jon Elster, 'The Market and the Forum', in J. Elster and A. Hylland (eds.), The Foundations of Social Choice Theory (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986), pp.103-32.
39. Philippe C. Schmitter, Some Propositions about Civil Society and the Consolidation of Democracy (Vienna: Institute for Advanced Studies Political Science Series 10, 1993).