Measurements of the Cretaceous paleolatitude of Vancouver island: Consistent with the Baja-British Columbia hypothesis

Science

Volumn 277, Issue 5332, 1997, Pages 1642-1645

  Ward, Peter D ^a   Hurtado, José M ^b   Kirschvink, Joseph L ^c   Verosub, Kenneth L ^d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

^b MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

^c CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BAJA-BRITISH COLUMBIA; BIOSTRATIGRAPHY; CRETACEOUS; PALAEOMAGNETISM; TECTONIC RECONSTRUCTION;

ARTICLE; CANADA; FOSSIL; GEOGRAPHY; GEOLOGY; MOLLUSC; PALEOANTHROPOLOGY; PRIORITY JOURNAL;

CANADA, BRITISH COLUMBIA, VANCOUVER ISLAND;

EID: 0030802714     PISSN: 00368075     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1126/science.277.5332.1642     Document Type: Article

References (33)

1. D. S. Cowan, GSA Today 4, 181 (1994).
2. _, M. T. Brandon, J. I. Garver, Am. J. Sci. 297, 117 (1996).
3. W. R. Dickinson, Can. J. Earth Sci. 13, 1268 (1976); G. A. Davis, J. W. Monger, B. C. Burchfield, in Mesozoic Paleogeography of the Western United States, D. G. Howell and K. A. McDougall, Eds. (Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Tulsa, OK), pp. 1-32; J. B. Saleeby and G. E. Gehrels, in The Ocean Basins and Margins, A. E. Nairin, F. Stehli, S. Uyeda, Eds. (Plenum, New York, 1988), pp. 119-160; B. Wernicke and D. W. Klepacki, Geology 16, 461 (1988); P. van der Heyden, Tectonics 11, 82 (1992); J. W. H. Monger, P. van der Heyden, J. M. Joumeay, C. A. Evenchick, J. B. Mahoney, Geology 22, 175 (1994).
4. W. R. Dickinson, Can. J. Earth Sci. 13, 1268 (1976); G. A. Davis, J. W. Monger, B. C. Burchfield, in Mesozoic Paleogeography of the Western United States, D. G. Howell and K. A. McDougall, Eds. (Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Tulsa, OK), pp. 1-32; J. B. Saleeby and G. E. Gehrels, in The Ocean Basins and Margins, A. E. Nairin, F. Stehli, S. Uyeda, Eds. (Plenum, New York, 1988), pp. 119-160; B. Wernicke and D. W. Klepacki, Geology 16, 461 (1988); P. van der Heyden, Tectonics 11, 82 (1992); J. W. H. Monger, P. van der Heyden, J. M. Joumeay, C. A. Evenchick, J. B. Mahoney, Geology 22, 175 (1994).
5. W. R. Dickinson, Can. J. Earth Sci. 13, 1268 (1976); G. A. Davis, J. W. Monger, B. C. Burchfield, in Mesozoic Paleogeography of the Western United States, D. G. Howell and K. A. McDougall, Eds. (Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Tulsa, OK), pp. 1-32; J. B. Saleeby and G. E. Gehrels, in The Ocean Basins and Margins, A. E. Nairin, F. Stehli, S. Uyeda, Eds. (Plenum, New York, 1988), pp. 119-160; B. Wernicke and D. W. Klepacki, Geology 16, 461 (1988); P. van der Heyden, Tectonics 11, 82 (1992); J. W. H. Monger, P. van der Heyden, J. M. Joumeay, C. A. Evenchick, J. B. Mahoney, Geology 22, 175 (1994).
6. W. R. Dickinson, Can. J. Earth Sci. 13, 1268 (1976); G. A. Davis, J. W. Monger, B. C. Burchfield, in Mesozoic Paleogeography of the Western United States, D. G. Howell and K. A. McDougall, Eds. (Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Tulsa, OK), pp. 1-32; J. B. Saleeby and G. E. Gehrels, in The Ocean Basins and Margins, A. E. Nairin, F. Stehli, S. Uyeda, Eds. (Plenum, New York, 1988), pp. 119-160; B. Wernicke and D. W. Klepacki, Geology 16, 461 (1988); P. van der Heyden, Tectonics 11, 82 (1992); J. W. H. Monger, P. van der Heyden, J. M. Joumeay, C. A. Evenchick, J. B. Mahoney, Geology 22, 175 (1994).
7. W. R. Dickinson, Can. J. Earth Sci. 13, 1268 (1976); G. A. Davis, J. W. Monger, B. C. Burchfield, in Mesozoic Paleogeography of the Western United States, D. G. Howell and K. A. McDougall, Eds. (Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Tulsa, OK), pp. 1-32; J. B. Saleeby and G. E. Gehrels, in The Ocean Basins and Margins, A. E. Nairin, F. Stehli, S. Uyeda, Eds. (Plenum, New York, 1988), pp. 119-160; B. Wernicke and D. W. Klepacki, Geology 16, 461 (1988); P. van der Heyden, Tectonics 11, 82 (1992); J. W. H. Monger, P. van der Heyden, J. M. Joumeay, C. A. Evenchick, J. B. Mahoney, Geology 22, 175 (1994).
8. W. R. Dickinson, Can. J. Earth Sci. 13, 1268 (1976); G. A. Davis, J. W. Monger, B. C. Burchfield, in Mesozoic Paleogeography of the Western United States, D. G. Howell and K. A. McDougall, Eds. (Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Tulsa, OK), pp. 1-32; J. B. Saleeby and G. E. Gehrels, in The Ocean Basins and Margins, A. E. Nairin, F. Stehli, S. Uyeda, Eds. (Plenum, New York, 1988), pp. 119-160; B. Wernicke and D. W. Klepacki, Geology 16, 461 (1988); P. van der Heyden, Tectonics 11, 82 (1992); J. W. H. Monger, P. van der Heyden, J. M. Joumeay, C. A. Evenchick, J. B. Mahoney, Geology 22, 175 (1994).
9. E. Irving, G. J. Woodsworth, P. J. Wynne, A. Morrison, Can. J. Earth Sci. 22, 584 (1985).
10. P. J. Umhoefer, Tectonics 6, 377 (1987); J. Oldow et al., in The Geology of North America - An Overview, A. Bally and A. Palmer, Eds. (Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, 1989), vol. A, pp. 139-232; E. Irving and P. J. Wynne, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London Ser. A 331, 487 (1990); J. J. Ague and M. T. Brandon, Nature 360, 146 (1992).
11. P. J. Umhoefer, Tectonics 6, 377 (1987); J. Oldow et al., in The Geology of North America - An Overview, A. Bally and A. Palmer, Eds. (Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, 1989), vol. A, pp. 139-232; E. Irving and P. J. Wynne, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London Ser. A 331, 487 (1990); J. J. Ague and M. T. Brandon, Nature 360, 146 (1992).
12. P. J. Umhoefer, Tectonics 6, 377 (1987); J. Oldow et al., in The Geology of North America - An Overview, A. Bally and A. Palmer, Eds. (Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, 1989), vol. A, pp. 139-232; E. Irving and P. J. Wynne, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London Ser. A 331, 487 (1990); J. J. Ague and M. T. Brandon, Nature 360, 146 (1992).
13. P. J. Umhoefer, Tectonics 6, 377 (1987); J. Oldow et al., in The Geology of North America - An Overview, A. Bally and A. Palmer, Eds. (Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, 1989), vol. A, pp. 139-232; E. Irving and P. J. Wynne, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London Ser. A 331, 487 (1990); J. J. Ague and M. T. Brandon, Nature 360, 146 (1992).
14. P. Wynne, E. Irving, J. A. Maxson, K. L. Kleinspehn, J. Geophys. Res. 100, 6073 (1995); S. W. Bogue, S. Gramme, J. W. Hillhouse, Tectonics 14, 1133 (1995); M. Beck, R. F. Burmeister, R. Schoonover, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 56, 336 (1981).
15. P. Wynne, E. Irving, J. A. Maxson, K. L. Kleinspehn, J. Geophys. Res. 100, 6073 (1995); S. W. Bogue, S. Gramme, J. W. Hillhouse, Tectonics 14, 1133 (1995); M. Beck, R. F. Burmeister, R. Schoonover, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 56, 336 (1981).
16. P. Wynne, E. Irving, J. A. Maxson, K. L. Kleinspehn, J. Geophys. Res. 100, 6073 (1995); S. W. Bogue, S. Gramme, J. W. Hillhouse, Tectonics 14, 1133 (1995); M. Beck, R. F. Burmeister, R. Schoonover, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 56, 336 (1981).
17. E. Irving, D. J. Thorkelson, P. M. Wheadon, R. J. Enkin, J. Geophys. Res. 100, 6057 (1995).
18. M. Beck, personal communication; E. Irving, personal communication. Irving has sampled in regions around Swartz Bay, Vancouver Island, and recognized a Tertiary overprint. All ammonites from the Haslam Formation in this region are recrystallized to calcite and black in color.
19. M. Beck, personal communication; E. Irving, personal communication. Irving has sampled in regions around Swartz Bay, Vancouver Island, and recognized a Tertiary overprint. All ammonites from the Haslam Formation in this region are recrystallized to calcite and black in color.
20. P. E. Filmer and J. L. Kirschvink, J. Geophys. Res. 94, 7332 (1989).
21. Compaction shallowing is the phenomenon by which rotation, flattening, or compaction of sedimentary particles because of pressure from overlying strata causes a shifting of the magnetite particles within a bed, leading to spurious inclinations when ultimately sampled and analyzed. This effect was cited by R. F. Butler, W. R. Dickinson, and G. E. Gehrels [Tectonics 10, 561 (1991)] as a reason why previous paleomagnetic analyses of some Cordilleran rocks have yielded low inclinations.
22. K. P. Kodama and J. M. Davis, ibid. 14, 1153 (1995); K. P. Kodama, J. Geophys. Res. 102, 5193 (1997).
23. K. P. Kodama and J. M. Davis, ibid. 14, 1153 (1995); K. P. Kodama, J. Geophys. Res. 102, 5193 (1997).
24. P. S. Mozley, Sediment. Geol. 103, 85 (1996).
25. P. D. Ward, Can. J. Earth Sci. 15, 521 (1978).
26. _, J. Haggart, K. Verosub, Geology 12, 34 (1980); K. L. Verosub, J. W. Haggart, P. D. Ward, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 101, 521 (1989).
27. _, J. Haggart, K. Verosub, Geology 12, 34 (1980); K. L. Verosub, J. W. Haggart, P. D. Ward, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 101, 521 (1989).
28. J. L. Kirschvink, Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc. 62, 699 (1980).
29. R. A. Fisher, Proc. R. Soc. London Ser. A 217, 295 (1953).
30. P. L. McFadden and M. W. McElhinny, Geophys. J. Int. 103, 725 (1990).
31. _, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 87, 161 (1988).
32. J. L. Bannon, D. J. Bottjer, S. P. Lund, L. R. Saul, Geology 17, 80 (1989).
33. We thank D. S. Cowan and R. T. Merril for reviewing the manuscript; J. Haggart, R. Enkin, and L. T. Silver for advice; L. Saul of the Los Angeles County Museum for guidance about California stratigraphy; and R. Lohman for assistance in running samples. Supported by NSF grants EAR-9372157 and EAR-9418283.