메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 57, Issue 16, 1997, Pages 3569-3576

Inhibitors of both nuclear factor-κB and activator protein-1 activation block the neoplastic transformation response

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTIOXIDANT; CHLORAMPHENICOL ACETYLTRANSFERASE; COLLAGENASE; DITHIOCARBAMIC ACID; IMMUNOGLOBULIN ENHANCER BINDING PROTEIN; INTERLEUKIN 6; LUCIFERASE; PHORBOL 13 ACETATE 12 MYRISTATE; RETINOIC ACID; RETINOID; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR AP 1; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA; TUMOR PROMOTER;

EID: 0030800330     PISSN: 00085472     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (207)

References (50)
  • 1
    • 0018682173 scopus 로고
    • Tumour promoter induces anchorage independence irreversibly
    • Colburn, N. H., Former, B. F., Nelson, K. A., and Yuspa, S. H. Tumour promoter induces anchorage independence irreversibly. Nature (Lond.), 281: 589-591, 1979.
    • (1979) Nature (Lond.) , vol.281 , pp. 589-591
    • Colburn, N.H.1    Former, B.F.2    Nelson, K.A.3    Yuspa, S.H.4
  • 2
    • 0019987949 scopus 로고
    • Responses of preneoplastic epidermal cells to tumor promoters and growth factors: Use of promoter-resistant variants for mechanism studies
    • Colburn, N. H., Wendel, E., and Srinivas, L. Responses of preneoplastic epidermal cells to tumor promoters and growth factors: use of promoter-resistant variants for mechanism studies. J. Cell. Biochem., 18: 261-270, 1982.
    • (1982) J. Cell. Biochem. , vol.18 , pp. 261-270
    • Colburn, N.H.1    Wendel, E.2    Srinivas, L.3
  • 3
    • 0026446908 scopus 로고
    • 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced levels of AP-1 proteins: A 46-kDa protein immunoprecipitated by anti-fra-1 and induced in promotion-resistant but not promotion-sensitive JB6 cells
    • Bernstein, L. R., Bravo, R., and Colburn, N. H. 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced levels of AP-1 proteins: a 46-kDa protein immunoprecipitated by anti-fra-1 and induced in promotion-resistant but not promotion-sensitive JB6 cells. Mol. Carcinog., 6: 221-229, 1992.
    • (1992) Mol. Carcinog. , vol.6 , pp. 221-229
    • Bernstein, L.R.1    Bravo, R.2    Colburn, N.H.3
  • 4
    • 0024362088 scopus 로고
    • AP1/Jun function is differentially induced in promotion sensitive and resistant JB6 cells
    • Washington DC
    • Bernstein, L. R., and Colburn, N. H. AP1/Jun function is differentially induced in promotion sensitive and resistant JB6 cells. Science (Washington DC), 244: 566-569, 1989.
    • (1989) Science , vol.244 , pp. 566-569
    • Bernstein, L.R.1    Colburn, N.H.2
  • 5
    • 0028079661 scopus 로고
    • Blocking of tumor promoter-induced AP-1 activity inhibits induced transformation in JB6 mouse epidermal cells
    • Dong, Z., Birrer, M. J., Watts, R. G., Matrisian, L. M., and Colburn, N. H. Blocking of tumor promoter-induced AP-1 activity inhibits induced transformation in JB6 mouse epidermal cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 91: 609-613, 1994.
    • (1994) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.91 , pp. 609-613
    • Dong, Z.1    Birrer, M.J.2    Watts, R.G.3    Matrisian, L.M.4    Colburn, N.H.5
  • 6
    • 0028157457 scopus 로고
    • Mechanism of action of a dominant-negative mutant of c-Jun
    • Brown, P. H., Chen, T. K., and Birrer, M. J. Mechanism of action of a dominant-negative mutant of c-Jun. Oncogene, 9: 791-799, 1994.
    • (1994) Oncogene , vol.9 , pp. 791-799
    • Brown, P.H.1    Chen, T.K.2    Birrer, M.J.3
  • 7
    • 0030749569 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A dominant negative mutant of Jun blocks TPA-induced invasion: Involvement of matrix metalloproteinase gene expression
    • Dong, Z., Crawford, H. C., Lavrovsky, V., Taub, D., Watts, R., Ma, W-Y., Matrisian, L. M., and Colburn, N. H. A dominant negative mutant of Jun blocks TPA-induced invasion: involvement of matrix metalloproteinase gene expression. Mol. Carcinog, 19: 204-212, 1997.
    • (1997) Mol. Carcinog , vol.19 , pp. 204-212
    • Dong, Z.1    Crawford, H.C.2    Lavrovsky, V.3    Taub, D.4    Watts, R.5    Ma, W.-Y.6    Matrisian, L.M.7    Colburn, N.H.8
  • 9
    • 0025720735 scopus 로고
    • The role of Jun, Fos and the AP-1 complex in cell-proliferation and transformation
    • Angel, A., and Karin, M. The role of Jun, Fos and the AP-1 complex in cell-proliferation and transformation. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1072: 129-157, 1991.
    • (1991) Biochim. Biophys. Acta , vol.1072 , pp. 129-157
    • Angel, A.1    Karin, M.2
  • 10
    • 0023625090 scopus 로고
    • Phorbol ester-inducible genes contain a common cis element recognized by a TPA-modulated trans-acting factor
    • Angel, P., Imagawa, M., Chiu, R., Stein, B., Imbra, R. J., Rahmsdorf, H. J., Jonat, C., Herrlich, P., and Karin, M. Phorbol ester-inducible genes contain a common cis element recognized by a TPA-modulated trans-acting factor. Cell, 49: 729-739, 1987.
    • (1987) Cell , vol.49 , pp. 729-739
    • Angel, P.1    Imagawa, M.2    Chiu, R.3    Stein, B.4    Imbra, R.J.5    Rahmsdorf, H.J.6    Jonat, C.7    Herrlich, P.8    Karin, M.9
  • 11
    • 0023120552 scopus 로고
    • Activation of transcription by two factors that bind promoter and enhancer sequences of the human metallothionein gene and SV40
    • Lee, W., Haslinger, A., Karin, M., and Tjian, B. Activation of transcription by two factors that bind promoter and enhancer sequences of the human metallothionein gene and SV40. Nature (Lond.), 325: 368-372, 1987.
    • (1987) Nature (Lond.) , vol.325 , pp. 368-372
    • Lee, W.1    Haslinger, A.2    Karin, M.3    Tjian, B.4
  • 12
    • 0026842287 scopus 로고
    • The inhibitory ankyrin and activator Rel proteins
    • Nolan, G. P., and Baltimore, D. The inhibitory ankyrin and activator Rel proteins. Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev., 2: 211-220, 1992.
    • (1992) Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. , vol.2 , pp. 211-220
    • Nolan, G.P.1    Baltimore, D.2
  • 13
    • 0030271387 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NF-κB. Ten years after
    • Baeuerle, P. A., and Baltimore, D. NF-κB. Ten years after. Cell, 87: 13-20, 1996.
    • (1996) Cell , vol.87 , pp. 13-20
    • Baeuerle, P.A.1    Baltimore, D.2
  • 14
    • 0025865317 scopus 로고
    • The inducible transcription activator NF-κB: Regulation by distinct protein subunits
    • Baeuerle, P. A. The inducible transcription activator NF-κB: regulation by distinct protein subunits. Biochem. Biophys. Aeta, 1072: 63-80, 1991.
    • (1991) Biochem. Biophys. Aeta , vol.1072 , pp. 63-80
    • Baeuerle, P.A.1
  • 15
    • 0028174061 scopus 로고
    • Function and activation of NF-kappa B in the immune system
    • Baeuerle, P. A., and Henkel, T. Function and activation of NF-kappa B in the immune system. Annu. Rev. Immunol., 12: 141-179, 1994.
    • (1994) Annu. Rev. Immunol. , vol.12 , pp. 141-179
    • Baeuerle, P.A.1    Henkel, T.2
  • 16
    • 0026742527 scopus 로고
    • The precursor of NF-κ B p50 has I κ B-like functions
    • Rice, N. R., MacKichan, M. L., and Israel, A. The precursor of NF-κ B p50 has I κ B-like functions. Cell, 71: 243-253, 1992.
    • (1992) Cell , vol.71 , pp. 243-253
    • Rice, N.R.1    MacKichan, M.L.2    Israel, A.3
  • 17
    • 0027168447 scopus 로고
    • NF-κ B controls expression of inhibitor I κ B α: Evidence for an inducible autoregulatory pathway
    • Washington DC
    • Sun, S-C., Ganchi, P. A., Ballard, D. W., and Greene, W. C. NF-κ B controls expression of inhibitor I κ B α: evidence for an inducible autoregulatory pathway. Science (Washington DC), 259: 1912-1915, 1993.
    • (1993) Science , vol.259 , pp. 1912-1915
    • Sun, S.-C.1    Ganchi, P.A.2    Ballard, D.W.3    Greene, W.C.4
  • 18
    • 0028181243 scopus 로고
    • Autoregulation of the NF-κ B transactivator RelA (p65) by multiple cytoplasmic inhibitors containing ankyrin motifs
    • Sun, S-C., Ganchi, P. A., Beraud, C., Ballard, D. W., and Greene, W. C. Autoregulation of the NF-κ B transactivator RelA (p65) by multiple cytoplasmic inhibitors containing ankyrin motifs. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 91: 1346-1350, 1994.
    • (1994) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.91 , pp. 1346-1350
    • Sun, S.-C.1    Ganchi, P.A.2    Beraud, C.3    Ballard, D.W.4    Greene, W.C.5
  • 19
    • 0028172914 scopus 로고
    • Disruption of IκBα regulation by antisense RNA expression leads to malignant transformation
    • Beauparlant, P., Kwan, I., Bitar, R., Chou, P., Koromilas, A. E., Sonenberg, N., and Hiscott, J. Disruption of IκBα regulation by antisense RNA expression leads to malignant transformation. Oncogene, 9: 3189-3197, 1994.
    • (1994) Oncogene , vol.9 , pp. 3189-3197
    • Beauparlant, P.1    Kwan, I.2    Bitar, R.3    Chou, P.4    Koromilas, A.E.5    Sonenberg, N.6    Hiscott, J.7
  • 20
    • 0027224017 scopus 로고
    • Cross-coupling of the NF-κB p65 and Fos/Jun transcription factors produces potentiated biological function
    • Stein, B., Baldwin, A. S., Jr., Ballard, D. W., Greene, W. C., Angel, P., and Herrlich, P. Cross-coupling of the NF-κB p65 and Fos/Jun transcription factors produces potentiated biological function. EMBO J., 12: 3879-3891, 1993.
    • (1993) EMBO J. , vol.12 , pp. 3879-3891
    • Stein, B.1    Baldwin Jr., A.S.2    Ballard, D.W.3    Greene, W.C.4    Angel, P.5    Herrlich, P.6
  • 22
    • 0017647426 scopus 로고
    • Vitamin A acid (retinoic acid), a potent inhibitor or 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate-induced ornithine decarboxylase activity in mouse epidemis
    • Verma, A. K., and Boutwell, R. K. Vitamin A acid (retinoic acid), a potent inhibitor or 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate-induced ornithine decarboxylase activity in mouse epidemis. Cancer Res., 37: 2196-2201, 1977.
    • (1977) Cancer Res. , vol.37 , pp. 2196-2201
    • Verma, A.K.1    Boutwell, R.K.2
  • 23
    • 0030025874 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of tumor promoter induced transformation by retinoids that transrepress AP-1 without transactivating RARE
    • Li, J-J., Dong, Z., Dawson, M. I., and Colburn, N. H. Inhibition of tumor promoter induced transformation by retinoids that transrepress AP-1 without transactivating RARE. Cancer Res., 56: 483-489, 1996.
    • (1996) Cancer Res. , vol.56 , pp. 483-489
    • Li, J.-J.1    Dong, Z.2    Dawson, M.I.3    Colburn, N.H.4
  • 24
    • 0020567374 scopus 로고
    • Action of epidermal growth factor and retinoids on anchorage-dependent and -independent growth of nontransformed rat kidney cells
    • Jetten, A. M., and Goldfarb, R. H. Action of epidermal growth factor and retinoids on anchorage-dependent and -independent growth of nontransformed rat kidney cells. Cancer Res., 43: 2094-2099, 1983.
    • (1983) Cancer Res. , vol.43 , pp. 2094-2099
    • Jetten, A.M.1    Goldfarb, R.H.2
  • 25
    • 0026750804 scopus 로고
    • Retinoids in cancer prevention and therapy
    • Bollag, W., and Holdener, E. E. Retinoids in cancer prevention and therapy. Ann. Oncol., 3: 513-526, 1992.
    • (1992) Ann. Oncol. , vol.3 , pp. 513-526
    • Bollag, W.1    Holdener, E.E.2
  • 26
    • 0030042319 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Overexpression of both RAR and RXR restores AP-1 repression in ovarian adenocarcinoma cells resistant to retinoic acid-dependent growth inhibition
    • Soprano, D. R., Chen, L. X., Wu, S., Donigan, A. M., Borghaei, R. C., and Soprano, K. J. Overexpression of both RAR and RXR restores AP-1 repression in ovarian adenocarcinoma cells resistant to retinoic acid-dependent growth inhibition. Oncogene, 12: 577-584, 1996.
    • (1996) Oncogene , vol.12 , pp. 577-584
    • Soprano, D.R.1    Chen, L.X.2    Wu, S.3    Donigan, A.M.4    Borghaei, R.C.5    Soprano, K.J.6
  • 27
    • 0025015647 scopus 로고
    • Antitumor promotion and antiinflammation: Down-modulation of AP-1 (Fos/Jun) activity by glucocorticoid hormone
    • Jonat, C., Rahmsdorf, H. J., Park, K-K., Cato, A. C. B., Gebel, S., Ponta, H., and Herrlich, P. Antitumor promotion and antiinflammation: down-modulation of AP-1 (Fos/Jun) activity by glucocorticoid hormone. Cell, 62: 1189-1204. 1990.
    • (1990) Cell , vol.62 , pp. 1189-1204
    • Jonat, C.1    Rahmsdorf, H.J.2    Park, K.-K.3    Cato, A.C.B.4    Gebel, S.5    Ponta, H.6    Herrlich, P.7
  • 29
    • 0028967616 scopus 로고
    • RAR-specific agonist/antagonists which dissociate transactivation and AP1 transrepression inhibit anchorage-independent cell proliferation
    • Chen, J-Y., Penco, S., Ostrowski, J., Balaguer, P., Pons, M., Starrett, J. E., Reczek, P., Chambon, P., and Gronemeyer, H. RAR-specific agonist/antagonists which dissociate transactivation and AP1 transrepression inhibit anchorage-independent cell proliferation. EMBO J., 14: 1187-1197, 1995.
    • (1995) EMBO J. , vol.14 , pp. 1187-1197
    • Chen, J.-Y.1    Penco, S.2    Ostrowski, J.3    Balaguer, P.4    Pons, M.5    Starrett, J.E.6    Reczek, P.7    Chambon, P.8    Gronemeyer, H.9
  • 31
    • 0025739254 scopus 로고
    • Reactive oxygen intermediates as apparently widely used messengers in the activation of the NF-κ B transcription factor and HIV-1
    • Scheck, R., Rieber, P., and Baeuerle, P. A. Reactive oxygen intermediates as apparently widely used messengers in the activation of the NF-κ B transcription factor and HIV-1. EMBO J., 10: 2247-2258, 1991.
    • (1991) EMBO J. , vol.10 , pp. 2247-2258
    • Scheck, R.1    Rieber, P.2    Baeuerle, P.A.3
  • 32
    • 0027269781 scopus 로고
    • Hydrogen peroxide and antioxidants have opposite effects on activation of NF-κ-B and AP-1 in intact cells: AP-1 as secondary antioxidant-responsive factor
    • Meyer, M., Schreck, R., and Baeuerle, P. A. Hydrogen peroxide and antioxidants have opposite effects on activation of NF-κ-B and AP-1 in intact cells: AP-1 as secondary antioxidant-responsive factor. EMBO J., 12: 2005-2015, 1993.
    • (1993) EMBO J. , vol.12 , pp. 2005-2015
    • Meyer, M.1    Schreck, R.2    Baeuerle, P.A.3
  • 33
    • 0028344541 scopus 로고
    • Distinct effects of thioredoxin and antioxidants on the activation of transcription factors NF-κ B and AP-1
    • Schenk, H., Klein, M., Erdbrugger, W., Droge, W., and Schulze-Osthoff, K. Distinct effects of thioredoxin and antioxidants on the activation of transcription factors NF-κ B and AP-1. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 91: 1672-1676, 1994.
    • (1994) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.91 , pp. 1672-1676
    • Schenk, H.1    Klein, M.2    Erdbrugger, W.3    Droge, W.4    Schulze-Osthoff, K.5
  • 34
    • 0026590541 scopus 로고
    • Dithiocar-bamates as potent inhibitors of nuclear factor κ-B activation in intact cells
    • Schreck, R., Meier, B., Maennel, D. N., Droge, W., and Baeuerle, P. A. Dithiocar-bamates as potent inhibitors of nuclear factor κ-B activation in intact cells. J. Exp. Med., 175: 1181-1194, 1992.
    • (1992) J. Exp. Med. , vol.175 , pp. 1181-1194
    • Schreck, R.1    Meier, B.2    Maennel, D.N.3    Droge, W.4    Baeuerle, P.A.5
  • 36
    • 0028906502 scopus 로고
    • Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate inhibits intercellular adhesion molecule-1 biosynthesis induced by cytokines in human fibroblasts
    • Kawai, M., Nishikomori, R., Jung, E. Y., Tai, G., Yamanaka, C., Mayumi, M., and Heike, T. Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate inhibits intercellular adhesion molecule-1 biosynthesis induced by cytokines in human fibroblasts. J. Immunol., 154: 2333-2341, 1995.
    • (1995) J. Immunol. , vol.154 , pp. 2333-2341
    • Kawai, M.1    Nishikomori, R.2    Jung, E.Y.3    Tai, G.4    Yamanaka, C.5    Mayumi, M.6    Heike, T.7
  • 37
    • 0023355884 scopus 로고
    • 12-O-Tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate induction of the human collagenase gene is mediated by an inducible enhancer element located in the 5′-flanking region
    • Angel, P., Baumann, I., Stein, B., Delius, H., Rahmsdorf, H. J., and Herrlich, P. 12-O-Tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate induction of the human collagenase gene is mediated by an inducible enhancer element located in the 5′-flanking region. Mol. Cell. Biol., 7: 2256-2266, 1987.
    • (1987) Mol. Cell. Biol. , vol.7 , pp. 2256-2266
    • Angel, P.1    Baumann, I.2    Stein, B.3    Delius, H.4    Rahmsdorf, H.J.5    Herrlich, P.6
  • 38
    • 0029037319 scopus 로고
    • Structural organization and chromosomal localization of the mouse collagenase type I gene
    • Schorpp, M., Mattei, M-G., Herr, I., Gack, S., Schaper, J., and Angel, P. Structural organization and chromosomal localization of the mouse collagenase type I gene. Biochem. J., 308: 211-217, 1995.
    • (1995) Biochem. J. , vol.308 , pp. 211-217
    • Schorpp, M.1    Mattei, M.-G.2    Herr, I.3    Gack, S.4    Schaper, J.5    Angel, P.6
  • 39
    • 0028905444 scopus 로고
    • Transformation reversion induced in JB6 RT101 cells by AP-1 inhibitors
    • Lond.
    • Dong, Z., Lavrovsky, V., and Colburn, N. C. Transformation reversion induced in JB6 RT101 cells by AP-1 inhibitors. Carcinogenesis (Lond.), 16: 747-756, 1995.
    • (1995) Carcinogenesis , vol.16 , pp. 747-756
    • Dong, Z.1    Lavrovsky, V.2    Colburn, N.C.3
  • 40
    • 0020435972 scopus 로고
    • Recombinant genomes which express chloramphenicol acetyltransferase in mammalian cells
    • Gorman, C. M, Moffat, L. F., and Howard, B. H. Recombinant genomes which express chloramphenicol acetyltransferase in mammalian cells. Mol. Cell. Biol., 2: 1044-1051, 1982.
    • (1982) Mol. Cell. Biol. , vol.2 , pp. 1044-1051
    • Gorman, C.M.1    Moffat, L.F.2    Howard, B.H.3
  • 41
    • 0028593994 scopus 로고
    • Identification of a DNA binding site for the nuclear factor YY1 in the human GM-CSF core promoter
    • Ye, J., Young, H. A., Ortaldo, J. R., and Ghosh, P. Identification of a DNA binding site for the nuclear factor YY1 in the human GM-CSF core promoter. Nucleic Acids Res., 22: 5672-5678, 1994.
    • (1994) Nucleic Acids Res. , vol.22 , pp. 5672-5678
    • Ye, J.1    Young, H.A.2    Ortaldo, J.R.3    Ghosh, P.4
  • 42
    • 0005994532 scopus 로고
    • Tumor necrosis factor induces anchorage independent growth of two murine non-transformed cell lines
    • Benedetti, F. D., Colburn, N. H., Oppenheim, J. J., and Faltynek, C. R. Tumor necrosis factor induces anchorage independent growth of two murine non-transformed cell lines. Mol. Cell. Biol. Cytokines, 5: 275-280, 1990.
    • (1990) Mol. Cell. Biol. Cytokines , vol.5 , pp. 275-280
    • Benedetti, F.D.1    Colburn, N.H.2    Oppenheim, J.J.3    Faltynek, C.R.4
  • 44
    • 0026316847 scopus 로고
    • Antagonism between retinoic acid reporters and AP-1: Implication for tumor promotion and inflammation
    • Yang-Yen, H-F., Zhang, X-K., Graupner, G., Tzukerman, M., Sakamoto, B., Karin, M., and Pfahl, M. Antagonism between retinoic acid reporters and AP-1: implication for tumor promotion and inflammation. New Biol., 3: 1216-1219, 1991.
    • (1991) New Biol. , vol.3 , pp. 1216-1219
    • Yang-Yen, H.-F.1    Zhang, X.-K.2    Graupner, G.3    Tzukerman, M.4    Sakamoto, B.5    Karin, M.6    Pfahl, M.7
  • 45
    • 0028986193 scopus 로고
    • NF-κB. A lesson in family values
    • Thanos, D., and Maniatis, T. NF-κB. A lesson in family values. Cell, 80: 529-532, 1995.
    • (1995) Cell , vol.80 , pp. 529-532
    • Thanos, D.1    Maniatis, T.2
  • 46
    • 0029618368 scopus 로고
    • Steroid hormone receptors: Many actors in search of a plot
    • Beato, M., Herrlich, P., and Schütz, G. Steroid hormone receptors: many actors in search of a plot. Cell, 83: 851-857, 1995.
    • (1995) Cell , vol.83 , pp. 851-857
    • Beato, M.1    Herrlich, P.2    Schütz, G.3
  • 47
    • 0025188132 scopus 로고
    • Transcriptional interference between c-Jun and the glucocorticoid receptor: Mutual inhibition of DNA binding due to direct protein-protein interaction
    • Yang-Yen, H-F., Chambard, J-C., Sun, Y-L., Smeal, T., Schmidt, T. J., Drouin, J., and Karin, M. Transcriptional interference between c-Jun and the glucocorticoid receptor: mutual inhibition of DNA binding due to direct protein-protein interaction. Cell, 62: 1205-1215, 1990.
    • (1990) Cell , vol.62 , pp. 1205-1215
    • Yang-Yen, H.-F.1    Chambard, J.-C.2    Sun, Y.-L.3    Smeal, T.4    Schmidt, T.J.5    Drouin, J.6    Karin, M.7


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.