Photochemical processes and the environmental impact of petroleum spills

Biogeochemistry

Volumn 39, Issue 2, 1997, Pages 121-138

  Nicodem, David E ^a   Fernandes, M Conceição Z ^b   Guedes, Carmen L B ^a   Correa, Rodrigo J ^a  

^a FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF RIO DE JANEIRO   (Brazil)

^b PETROBRAS   (Brazil)

Author keywords

Oil spills; Petroleum; Petroleum weathering; Photochemisty; Photodegradation

Indexed keywords

BIODEGRADATION; ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT; OIL SPILLS; PHOTOCHEMICAL PROCESSES;

EID: 0030799731     PISSN: 01682563     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1023/A:1005802027380     Document Type: Article

References (96)

1. Andersson JT & Bobinger S (1992) Polycyclic aromatic sulfur heterocycles II. Photochemical oxidation of benzo[b]thiophene in aqueous solution. Chemosphere 24: 383-389
2. Atlas RM, Boehm PD & Calder JA (1981) Chemical and biological weathering of oil from the Amoco Cadiz oil spillage, within the littoral zone. Estuarine, Coastal & Mar. Sci. 12: 589-608
3. Atwood DK & Ferguson RL (1982) An example study of the weathering of spilled petroleum in a tropical marine environment: IXTOC-1 Bull. Mar. Sci. 32: 1-13
4. Berridge SA, Dean RA, Fallows RG & Fish A (1968) The properties of persistent oils at sea J. Inst. Pet. 54: 300-309
5. Boehm PD, Fiest DL, Mackay D & Paterson S, (1984) Physical-chemical weathering of petroleum hydrocarbons from the IXTOCI blowout: Chemical measurements and a weathering model. Environ. Sci. Technol. 16: 498-505
6. Boehm PD, Steinhauer MS, Green DR, Fowler B, Humphrey B, Fiest DL & Cretney WJ (1987) Comparative fate of chemically dispersed and beached crude oil in subtidal sediments of the Arctic nearshore. Arctic 40: 133-148
7. Bongiovanni R, Borgarello E & Pelizzetti E (1989) Oil spills in the aquatic environment: The chemistry and photochemistry at water/oil interface. Chim. Ind. (Milan) 71: 12-17
8. Burwood R & Speers GC (1974) Photo-oxidation as a factor in the environmental dispersal of crude oil. Estuarine Coastal and Mar. Sci. 2: 117-135
9. Clark RB (1989) Marine Pollution (pp 33-64). Oxford University Press, Oxford Chapter 3 Oil Pollution
10. Cooper WJ & Herr FL (1987) Introduction and overview Chapter 1. In: Zika RG & Cooper WJ (Eds) Photochemistry of Environmental Aquatic Systems (pp 1-8). ACS Symposium Series, Am. Chem. Soc.
11. Cox RA, Patrick KF & Chant SA (1981) Mechanism of atmospheric photooxidation in n-butane and simple ketones. Environ. Sci. Technol. 15: 587-592
12. Daling PS, Brandvik PJ, Mackay D & Johansen O (1990) Characterization of crude oils for environmental purposes. Oil & Chem. Pollut. 7: 199-224
13. Desmaison M, Piekarski C & Desmarquest JP (1984) Formation et stabilisation des émulsions inverses eau de mer-petrole: Rôle de la tension et de la viscosité d'interface. Rev. Inst. Franc. Petrol. 39: 603-615
14. Dowty BJ, Brightwell NE, Laseter JL & Griffin GW (1974) Dye-sensitized photooxidation of phenanthrene. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 57: 462-456
15. Ducreux J, Berthou F & Bodennec G (1986) Etude du vieillissement d'un pétrole Brut repandu à la surface de l'eau de mer dans des conditions naturelles. Intern. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. 24: 85-111
16. Ehrhardt MG (1987) Photo-oxidation products of fossil fuel components in the water of Hamilton Harbour, Bermuda. Mar. Chem. 22: 85-94
17. Ehrhardt MG, Bouchertall F & Hoff H-P (1982) Aromatic ketones concentrated from Baltic Sea water. Mar. Chem. 11: 449-461
18. Ehrhardt MG & Burns KA (1993) Hydrocarbons and related photooxidation products in Saudi Arabian Gulf coastal waters and hydrocarbons in underlying sediments and bioindicator bivalves. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 27: 187-197
19. Ehrhardt MG, Burns KA & Bicego, MC (1992) Sunlight-induced compositional alterations in the seawater-soluble fraction of a crude Oil. Mar. Chem. 37: 53-64
20. Ehrhardt MG & Knap A (1989) A direct comparison of UV fluorescence and GC/MS data of lipophlic open-ocean seawater extracts. Mar. Chem. 26: 179-188
21. Ehrhardt MG & Petrick G (1984) On the sensitized photooxidation of alkylbenzenes in seawater. Mar. Chem. 15: 47-58
22. Ehrhardt MG & Petrick G (1985) The sensitized photooxidation of n-pentadecane as a model for abiotic decomposition of aliphatic hydrocarbons in seawater. Mar. Chem. 16: 227-238
23. Ehrhardt MG & Petrick G (1993) On the composition of dissolved and particle-associated fossil fuel residues in Mediterranean surface water. Mar. Chem. 42: 57-70
24. Ehrhardt MG & Weber RR (1991) Formation of low molecular weight carbonyl compounds by sensitized photochemical decomposition of aliphatic hydrocarbons in seawater. Fresenius J. Anal. Chem. 339: 772-776
25. Ehrhardt MG & Weber RR (1995) Sensitized photooxidation of methylcyclohexane as a thin film on seawater by irradiation with natural sunlight. Fresenius J. Anal. Chem. 352: 357-363
26. El Anba-Lurot F, Guiliano M, Doumenq P & Mille G (1995) Photooxidation of 3,3′- and 4,4′-dimethylbiphenyls in natural sea water. Intern. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. 61: 26-34
27. EXXON CORP (1985) Fate and Effects of Oil in the Sea. Exxon Background Ser, New York. 12 pp
28. Farrington JW & Tripp (1970) North Atlantic surface sediments. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 41: 1627-1641
29. Fernandes MCZ (1994) Effect of 9,10-phenanthrenequinone on the photodegradation of petroleum. Masters Thesis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. 100 pp
30. Freegarde M, Hatchard CG & Parker CA (1971) Oil spilt at sea: Its identification, determinatio n and ultimate fate. Lab. Practice 20: 35-40
31. Gesser HD, Wildman TA & Tewaru YB (1977) Photooxidation of n-Hexadecane Sensitized by Xanthone. Environ. Sci. Technol. 11: 605-608
32. Gordon DC Jr, Keizer PD, Hardstaff WR & Aldous DG, (1976) Fate of crude oil spilled on seawater contained in outdoor tanks. Environ. Sci. Technol. 10: 580-585
33. Gorman AA (1992) The bimolecular reactivity of singlet molecular oxygen. Adv. Photochem. 17: 217-237
34. Griffin LF & Calder JA (1977) Toxic effect of water - soluble fractions of crude, refined, and weathered oils on the growth of a marine bacterium. Appl. & Environ. Microbiol. 33: 1092-1096
35. Hansen HP (1975) Photochemical degradation of petroleum hydrocarbon surface films on seawater Mar. Chem., 3: 183-195
36. Hostettler FD & Kvenvolden KA (1994) Geochemical changes in crude oil spilled from the Exxon Valdez supertanker into Prince William Sound, Alaska. Org. Geochem. 21: 927-936
37. Jordan RE (1991) Analytical Photochemistry of PrudhoeBay Crude Petroleum in Simulated Oil Spills : Identification of Major Lower Molecular Weight Photooxidation Products. Doctoral Thesis, Univ. Cal. and San Diego State Univ. pp 185
38. Kirso U, Paalme L, Uibopuu H, Irha N, Urbas E & Jacquignon PC (1993) Photochemical oxidation of PAH and heteroaromatic analogs in different model conditions. Polycyclic Aromat. Compd. 3(Suppl): 103-109
39. Klein AE & Pilpel N (1973) Oxidation of n-alkanes photosensitized by 1-naphthol. J. Chem. Soc. Faraday I 69: 1729-1736
40. Klein AE & Pilpel N (1974a) Photooxidation of alkyl benzenes initiated by 1-naphthol. J. Chem. Soc. Faraday I 70: 1250-1256
41. Klein AE & Pilpel N (1974b) The effects of artificial sunlight upon floating Oils. Water Res. 8: 79-83
42. Lamathe J (1982) Sur le mécanisme de formation des émulsions d'eau de mer dans le pétrole lors des marées noires. C.R. Acad. Sc. Paris 295: 301-302
43. Larson RA & Berenbaum MR (1988) Environmental phototoxicity. Environ. Sci. Technol. 22: 354-360
44. Larson RA, Boil TL, Hunt LL & Rogenmuser K (1979) Photooxidation products of a fuel oil and their antimicrobial activity. Environ. Sci. Technol. 13: 965-969
45. Larson RA & Hunt LL (1978) Photooxidation of a refined petroleum oil: Inhibition by β-carotene and role of singlet oxygen. Photochem. & Photobiol. 28: 553-555
46. Larson RA, Hunt LL & Blankenship DW (1977) Formation of toxic products from a #2 fuel oil by photooxidation. Environ. Sci. Technol. 11: 492-496
47. Larson RA & Rounds SA (1987) Photochemistry in aqueous surface layers; 1-naphthol. In: Zika RG & Cooper WJ (Eds) Photochemistry of Environmental Aquatic Systems ACS Symposium Series #327 (pp 207-214). Am. Chem. Soc.
48. LeBlanc L & Fitzgerald A (1990) Bioremediation: Striking successes in spill cleanup, but obstacles remain. Offshore Sept 26-30: pp 26-30
49. Lee SC (1991) The Long-Term Weathering of Heavy CrudeOils. Masters Thesis. 144 pp
50. Lichtenthaler RG, Haag WR & Mill T (1989) Photooxidation of probe compounds sensitized by crude oils in toluene and as an oil film on water. Environ. Sci. Technol. 23: 39-45
51. Lindell MJ, Granel N & Tranvik LJ (1995) Enhanced bacterial growth in response to photochemical transformation of dissolved organic matter. Limmol. Oceanogr. 40: 195-199
52. Literathy P, Haider S, Samban O & Morel G (1989) Experimental studies on biological and chemical oxidation of dispersed oil in seawater. Water Sci. Tech. 24: 845-856
53. Lopez L (1990) Photoinduced electron transfer oxygenations. In: Mattay J (Ed) Photoinduced Electron Transfer I: Topics in Current Chemistry 156: 118-166
54. Mackay D & McAuliffe CD (1988) Fate of Hydrocarbons Discharged at Sea. Oil & Chem. Pollut. 5: 1-20
55. Mackay GDM, Mclean AY, Betancourt OJ & Johnson BD (1973) The formation of water-in-oil emulsions subsequent to an oil spill. J. Inst. Pet. 59: 164-172
56. Mansur L, Willians A, Bartle KD & Raynor MW (1989) Characterization of the initial weathering of petroleum hydrocarbons by FTIR spectroscopy and supercritical fluid chromatography. 1989 Oil Spill Conference, pp 427-431
57. Mantoura RFC, Gschwend PM, Zafiriou OC & Clarke KR (1982) Volatile organic compounds at a coastal site. 2. Short-term variations. Environ. Sci. Technol. 16: 38-45
58. National Academy of Sciences (1985) Oil in the Sea, Inputs, Fates, and Effects. National Academy Press, Washington, DC.
59. Ostgaard K, Aaberg A, Klungsoyr J & Jensen A (1987) Comparative studies of phytotoxicity and chemical composition of aqueous oil solutions affected by evaporation, illumination and extraction. Water Res. 21: 155-164
60. Overton EB, Patel JR & Laseter JL (1979) Chemical characterization of mousse and selected environmental samples from the Amoco Cadiz oil spill. Proc. 1979 Oil Spell Conference. pp 169-174
61. Paalme L, Irha N, Urbas E, Tsybsn A & Kirso U (1990) Model studies of photochemical oxidation of carcinogenic polyaromatic hydrocarbons. Mar. Chem. 30: 105-111
62. Patel JR, Overton EB & Laster JL (1979) Environmental photooxidation of dibenzothiophenes following the Amoco Cadiz oil spill. Chemosphere 8: 557-561
63. Patton JS, Rigler MW, Boehm PD & Fiest DL (1981) Ixtoc-1 oil spill: Flaking of surface mousse in the Gulf of Mexico. Nature 290: 235-238
64. Payne JR & Phillips CR (1985) Photochemistry of petroleum in water. Environ. Sci. Technol. 19: 569-579
65. Payne JR, Kirstein BE, McNabb GD Jr, Lambach JL, de Oliveira C, Jordan RE & Hom W. (1983) Multivariate analysis of petroleum hydrocarbon weathering in the subarctic marine environment. Proceed. 1983 Oil Spill Conf. pp 423-434
66. Payne JR, Phillips CR & Hom W (1987) Transport and Transformations: Water Column Processes Chapter 5 in Long Term Environmental Effect of Offshore Oil and Gas Development, pp 175-231
67. Rontani JF (1991) Identification by GC/MS of acidic compounds produced during the photosensitized oxidation of normal and isoprenoid alkanes in seawater. Intern. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. 45: 1-9
68. Rontani JF, Bonin P & Giusti G (1987) Mechanistic study of interactions between photooxidation and bio-degradation of n-nonylbenzene in seawater. Mar. Chem. 22: 1-12
69. Rontani JF, Bonin P & Giusti G (1988) Effects of sunlight irradiation on the assimilation of hydrocinnamic and trans cinnamic acids by marine bacteria. Mar. Chem. 23: 41-50
70. Rontani JF & Giral PJP (1990) Significance of photosensitized oxidation of alkanes during the photochemical degradation of petroleum hydrocarbon fractions in seawater. Intern. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. 42: 61-68
71. Rontani JF & Giusti G (1987) Photosensitized oxidation of pristane in sea water: Effect of photochemical reactions on tertiary carbons. J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem. 40: 107-120
72. Rontani JF & Giusti G (1988) Photosensitized oxidation of 3,6-dimethyloctane. Tetrahedron Lett. 29: 1923-1926
73. Rontani JF, Rambeloarisoa E, Bertrand JC & Giusti G (1985) Favorable interaction between photooxidation and bacterial degradation of anthracene in sea water. Chemosphere 14: 1909-1912
74. Sanniez WHK & Pilpel N (1978) Photooxidation of floating hydrocarbon oils in the presence of some naphthalene derivatives. J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans, 1 74: 123-130
75. Scheier A & Gominger D (1976) A preliminary study of the toxic effects of irradiated vs. non-irradiated water soluble fractions of #2 fuel oil. Bull. Environ. Cont. Toxicol. 10: 595-603
76. Seymour RJ & Geyer RA (1992) Fates and effects of oil spills. Annu. Rev. Energy Environ. 17: 261-283
77. Sigman ME, Zingg SP, Pagni RM & Burns JH (1991) Photochemistry of anthracene in water. Tetrahedron Lett. 32: 3737-3740
78. Struck H, Felzmann H & Hopner T (1993) Oil-polluted Saudi-Arabian beaches. Erdöl und Kohle-Erdgas-Petrochemie 46: 163-166
79. Sydnes LK, Burkow IC, Stene A & Lonning S (1985a) On the formation of short-lived, toxic, water-soluble compounds during illumination of crude oil on seawater. Mar. Environ. Res. 16: 115-126
80. Sydnes LK, Hansen SH & Burkow IC (1985b) Factors affecting photooxidation of oil constituents in the marine environment. I. Photochemical transformation of dimenthyl-naphthalenes in an aqueous environment in the presence and absence of oil. Chemosphere 14: 1043-1055
81. Sydnes LK, Hemmingsen TH, Skare S & Hansen SH (1985c) Seasonal variations in weathering and toxicity of crude oil on seawater under arctic conditions. Environ. Sci. Technol. 19: 1076-1081
82. Theobald N (1989) Investigation of 'petroleum hydrocarbons' in seawater, using high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 20: 134-140
83. Thingstad T & Pengerud B (1983) The formation of "chocolate mousse" from Statfjord crude oil and seawater. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 14: 214-216
84. Thominette F & Verdu J (1984a) Photo-oxidative behavior of crude oils relative to sea pollution. Part I. Comparative study of various crude oils and model systems. Mar. Chem. 15: 91-104
85. Thominette F & Verdu J (1984b) Photo-oxidative behavior of crude oils relative to sea pollution. Part II. Photo-induced Phase separation. Mar. Chem. 15: 105-115
86. Tjessem K & Aaberg A (1983) Photochemical transformation and degradation of petroleum residues in the marine environment. Chemosphere 12: 1373-1394
87. Tjessem K, Kobberstad O & Aaberg A (1983) Photochemically induced interactions in Ekofisk crude oil. Chemosphere 12: 1395-1406
88. Tjessem K, Pedersen D & Aaberg A (1984) On the environmental fate of a dispersed Ekofisk crude oil in sea-immersed plastic columns. Water Res. 18: 1129-1136
89. Wagner P & Park B-S (1991) Photoinduced hydrogen atom abstraction by carbonyl compounds. Org. Photochem. 11: 227-366
90. Wan Z & Jenks WS (1995) Photochemistry and photophysics of aromatic sulfoxides. 2. Oxenoid reactivity observed in the photolysis of certain aromatic sulfoxides. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 117: 2667-2668
91. Watkinson RJ & Griffiths D (1987) Biodegradation and photooxidation of crude oils in a tropical marine environment. In: Kuiper J & Van Den Brink WJ (Eds) Marine Ecosystems (pp 67-77). Nartinus Nifjoff Publisher, Dordrecht
92. Young RN & Sethi AJ (1975) Compositional changes of a fuel oil from an oil spill due to natural exposure. Water, Air, & Soil Pollut. 5: 195-205
93. Zafiriou OC, Joussot-Dubien J, Zepp RG & Zika R (1984) Photochemistry of natural waters. Environl Sci. Technol. 18: 358A-371A
94. Zepp RG, Schlotzhauer PF, Simmons MS, Miller GC, Baughman GL & Wolfe NL (1984) Dynamics of pollutant photoreactions in the hydrosphere. Fresenius Z. Anal. Chem. 319: 119-125
95. Zepp RG, Wolfe NL, Boughman GL, & Hollis RC (1977) Singlet oxygen in natural waters. Nature 267: 421-423
96. Zürcher F & Thure M (1978) Rapid weathering processes of fuel oil in natural waters: Analysis and interpretations. Environ. Sci. Technol. 12: 833-845