Extrapyramidal symptoms associated with cyclic antidepressant treatment: A review of the literature and consolidating hypotheses

Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology

Volumn 17, Issue 5, 1997, Pages 377-389

  Gill, Harry S ^a   DeVane, C Lindsay ^a   Risch, S Craig ^a  

^a MEDICAL UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AMITRIPTYLINE; AMOXAPINE; CLOMIPRAMINE; DESIPRAMINE; DOXEPIN; FLUOXETINE; FLUVOXAMINE; IMIPRAMINE; MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITOR; NEUROLEPTIC AGENT; PAROXETINE; PHENELZINE; SEROTONIN UPTAKE INHIBITOR; SERTRALINE; TRANYLCYPROMINE; TRAZODONE; TRICYCLIC ANTIDEPRESSANT AGENT;

AKATHISIA; ARTICLE; BASAL GANGLION; DOPAMINERGIC SYSTEM; DYSTONIA; EXTRAPYRAMIDAL SYMPTOM; HUMAN; PARKINSONISM; PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SYMPTOM; TARDIVE DYSKINESIA;

ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENTS, SECOND-GENERATION; ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENTS, TRICYCLIC; BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES; BRAIN; DEPRESSIVE DISORDER; HUMANS; MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS; NEUROLOGIC EXAMINATION; RISK FACTORS; SEROTONIN UPTAKE INHIBITORS;

EID: 0030796496     PISSN: 02710749     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00004714-199710000-00007     Document Type: Article

References (126)

1. Ebadi M, Srinivasan SK Pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment of neuroleptic-induced movement disorders. Pharmacol Rev 1995;47:575-604.
2. Casey DE. Neuroleptic-induced acute extrapyramidal syndromes and tardive dyskinesia. Psychiatr Clin North Am 1993;16:589-611.
3. Zubenko GS, Cohen BM, Lipinski JF. Antidepressant-related akathisia, J Clin Psychopharmacol 1987;7:254-7.
4. Krishnan KRR, France RD, Ellinwood EH. Tricyclic-induced akathisia in patients taking conjugated estrogens. Am J Psychiatry 1984;141:696-7.
5. Sandyk R. Persistent akathisia associated with early dyskinesia [letter]. Postgrad Med J 1984;60:916.
6. Finder E, Lin KM, Ananth J. Dystonic reaction to amitriptyline [letter]. Am J Psychiatry 1982;139:1220.
7. Ornadel D, Barnes EA, Dick DJ. Acute dystonia due to amitriptyline [letter]. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1992;55:414.
8. Lee HK. Dystonic reactions to amitriptyline and doxepin [letter]. Am J Psychiatry 1988;145:649.
9. Foster AR, Lancaster NP. Disturbance of motor function during treatment with imipramine. BMJ 1959;2:1452-3.
10. Levin A. Mianserin and clomipramine in the treatment of depression. S Afr Med J 1982;61:701-4.
11. Fornazzari L, Ichise M, Remington G, Smith I. Rabbit syndrome, antidepressant use, and cerebral perfusion SPECT scan findings. J Psychiatry Neurosci 1991;16:227-9.
12. Fann WE, Sullivan JL, Richman BW. Dyskinesias associated with tricyclic antidepressants. Br J Psychiatry 1976;128:490-3.
13. Woogen S, Graham J, Angrist B. A tardive dyskinesia-like syndrome after amitriptyline treatment. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1981;7:243-6.
14. Gangat AE, Luiz HA, Kajee AHS, Ibrahim NI, Simpson MA. Tricyclic-induced acute tardive dyskinesia. A case report. S Afr Med J 1987;71:729.
15. Koller WC, Musa MN. Amitriptyline-induced abnormal movements [letter]. Neurology 1985;7:1086.
16. Sedivec V, Valenova Z, Paceltova L. Persistent extrapyramidal oral dyskinesias following treatment with thymoleptics. Activitas Nervosa Superior 1970;12:67-8.
17. Dekret JJ, Maany I, Ramsey TA, et al. A case of oral dyskinesia associated with imipramine treatment. Am J Psychiatry 1977;134: 1297-8.
18. Yassa R, Camille Y, Belzile L. Tardive dyskinesia in the course of antidepressant therapy: a prevalence study and review of the literature. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1987;7:243-6.
19. Roberts PW. The use of propranolol in treating tardive dyskinesia Can Med Assoc J 1980; 23:1106-7.
20. Gersten SP. Tardive dyskinesia-like syndromes with clomipramine. Am J Psychiatry 1993;150:165-6.
21. Clayton AH. Antidepressant-induced tardive dyskinesia: review and case report. Psychopharmacol Bull 1995;31:259-64.
22. Baca L, Martinelli L. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome: a unique association with a tricyclic antidepressant. Neurology 1990;40: 1797-8.
23. Brogden RN, Heel RC, Speight TM, et al. Trazodone: a review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic uses in depression and anxiety. Drugs 1981;21:401-29.
24. Kramer MS, Marcus DJ, DiFerdinando J, et al. Atypical acute dystonia associated with trazodone treatment. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1986;6:117-8.
25. Albanese A, Rossi P, Altavista MC. Can trazodone induce parkinsonism? Clin Neuropharmacol 1988;11:180-2.
26. Demuth GW, Breslow RE, Drescher J. The elicitation of a movement disorder by trazodone: case report. J Clin Psychiatry 1985; 46:535-6.
27. Ross DR, Walker JI, Peterson J. Akathisia induced by amoxapine. Am J Psychiatry 1983;140:115-6.
28. Hullett FJ, Levy AB. Amoxapine-induced akathisia [letter]. Am J Psychiatry 1983;140:820.
29. Price WA, Giannini AJ. Amoxapine-induced extrapyramidal effects. Psychosomatics 1986;27:464-8.
30. Shen WW. The management of amoxapine-induced akathisia. Am J Psychiatry 1983;140:1102-3.
31. Shen WW. Alcohol, amoxapine, and akathisia. Biol Psychiatry 1984;19:929-30.
32. Gardos G. Undiagnosed dystonic reaction secondary to amoxapine. Psychosomatics 1984;25:66-7.
33. Steele TE. Adverse reactions suggesting amoxapine-induced dopamine blockade. Am J Psychiatry 1982;139:1500-1.
34. McKnight MA, Ross DR, Upper S. Amoxapine and extrapyramidal symptoms [letter]. South Med J 1984;77:94.
35. Luna OC, Jayatilaka A, Walker V. Amoxapine and extrapyramidal symptoms [letter]. J Clin Psychiatry 1984;45:407.
36. Hunt-Fugate AK, Zander J, Lesar TS. Adverse reactions due to dopamine receptor blockade by amoxapine. A case report and review of the literature. Pharmacotherapy 1984;4:35-9.
37. Sunderland T, Orsulak PJ, Cohen BM. Amoxapine and neuroleptic side effects: a case report. Am J Psychiatry 1983;140:1233-5.
38. Gammon GD, Hansen C. A case of akinesia induced by amoxapine. Am J Psychiatry 1984;141:283-4.
39. Thornton JE, Stahl SM. Case report of tardive dyskinesia and parkinsonism associated with amoxapine therapy. Am J Psychiatry 1984;141:704-5.
40. Huang CC. Persistent tardive dyskinesia associated with amoxapine therapy. Am J Psychiatry 1986;143:1069-70.
41. Tao GK, Harada DT, Kootsikas ME, Gordon MN, Brinkman JH. Amoxapine-induced tardive dyskinesia. DICP 1985;19:548-9.
42. Lapierre YD, Anderson K. Dyskinesia associated with amoxapine antidepressant therapy: a case report. Am J Psychiatry 1983; 140:493-4.
43. Patterson JF. Amoxapine-induced chorea (letter). South Med J 1983;76:1077.
44. Steele TE. Adverse reactions suggesting amoxapine-induced dopamine blockade. Am J Psychiatry 1982;139:1500-1.
45. Lesaca T. Amoxapine and neuroleptic malignant syndrome [letter]. Am J Psychiatry 1987;144:1514.
46. Burch EA, Downs J. Development of neuroleptic malignant syndrome during simultaneous amoxapine treatment and alprazolam discontinuation. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1987;7:55-6.
47. Madakasira S. Amoxapine-induced neuroleptic malignant syndrome. DICP 1989;23:50-5.
48. Otani K, Mihara K, Okada M, Kaneko S, Fukushima Y. Crossover reaction between haloperidol and amoxapine for NMS [letter]. Br J Psychiatry 1991;159:889.
49. Mancias P, Kramer L, Butler IJ. Amoxapine overdose in a young man: a transient mitochondrial abnormality? Pharmacotherapy 1995;15:528-32.
50. Pande AC, Max P. A dystonic reaction occurring during treatment with tranylcypromine. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1989;9:229-30.
51. Gillman MA, Sandyk R. Parkinsonism induced by a monoamine oxidase inhibitor. Postgrad Med J 1986;62:235-6.
52. Teusink JP, Alexopoulos GS, Shamoian CA. Parkinsonian side effects induced by a monoamine oxidase inhibitor. Am J Psychiatry 1984;141:118-9.
53. Stancer HC. Tardive dyskinesia not associated with neuroleptics [letter]. Am J Psychiatry 1979;136:727.
54. Tate JL. Extrapyramidal symptoms in a patient taking haloperidol and fluoxetine. Am J Psychiatry 1989;146:399-400.
55. Goff DC, Midha KK, Brotman AW, Waites M, Baldessarini RJ. Elevation of plasma concentrations of haloperidol after the addition of fluoxetine. Am J Psychiatry 1991;148:790-2.
56. Bouchard RH, Pourcher E, Vincent P. Fluoxetine and extrapyramidal side effects. Am J Psychiatry 1989;146:1352-3.
57. Lipinski JF, Mallya G, Zimmerman P, Pope HG. Fluoxetine-induced akathisia: clinical and theoretical implications. J Clin Psychiatry 1989;50:339-42.
58. Baldwin D, Fineberg N, Montgomery S. Fluoxetine, fluvoxamine and extrapyramidal tract disorders. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 1991;6:51-8.
59. Fleischhacker WW. Propranolol for fluoxetine-induced akathisia. Biol Psychiatry 1991;30:526-32.
60. Black B, Uhde TW. Acute dystonia and fluoxetine [letter]. J Clin Psychiatry 1992;53:327.
61. Bertschy G, Vandel S. Fluoxetine-related indifference and akathisia Therapie 1993;48:157-61.
62. Metz A. Interaction between fluoxetine and buspirone. Can J Psychiatry 1990;35:722-3.
63. Ketai R. Interaction between fluoxetine and neuroleptics. Am J Psychiatry 1993;150:836-7.
64. Fallon BA, Liebowitz MR. Fluoxetine and extrapyramidal symptoms in CNS lupus. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1991;11:147-8.
65. Lavin MR, Mendelowitz A, Block SH. Adverse reaction to high-dose fluoxetine. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1993;13:452-3.
66. Coulter DM, Pillans PI. Fluoxetine and extrapyramidal side effects. Am J Psychiatry 1995;152:122-5.
67. Teicher MH, Glod C, Cole JO. Emergence of intense suicidal preoccupation during fluoxetine treatment. Am J Psychiatry 1990; 147:207-10.
68. Rothschild AJ, Locke CA. Reexposure to fluoxetine after serious suicide attempts by three patients: the role of akathisia. J Clin Psychiatry 1991;52:491-3.
69. Masand P, Gupta S, Dewan M. Suicidal ideation related to fluoxetine treatment [letter]. N Engl J Med 1991;324:420.
70. Hamilton MS, Opler LA. Akathisia, suicidality, and fluoxetine. J Clin Psychiatry 1992;53:401-6.
71. Wirshing WC, Van Putten T, Marder S, Hicks-Gray T. Fluoxetine, akathisia, and suicidality: is there a causal connection? Arch Gen Psychiatry 1992;49:580-1.
72. Popli A, Gupta S. Polypharmacy, akathisia, and associated suicide attempts. Depression 1993;1:53-5.
73. Guthrie S, Grunhaus L. Fluoxetine-induced stuttering [letter]. J Clin Psychiatry 1990;51:85.
74. Ellison JM, Stanziani P. SSRI-associated nocturnal bruxism in for patients. J Clin Psychiatry 1993;54:432-4.
75. Poyurovsky M, Meerovich I, Weizman A. Beneficial effect of low-dose mianserin on fluvoxamine-induced akathisia in an obsessive-compulsive patient. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 1995;10: 111-4.
76. LaPorta LD. Sertraline-induced akathisia. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1993;13:219-20.
77. Klee B, Kronig MH. Case report of probable sertraline-induced akathisia. Am J Psychiatry 1993;150:986-7.
78. Settle EC. Akathisia and sertraline [letter]. J Clin Psychiatry 1993;54:321.
79. Shihabuddin L, Rapport D. Sertraline and extrapyramidal side effects [letter]. Am J Psychiatry 1994;151:288.
80. Altshuler LL, Pierre JM, Wirshing WC, Ames D. Sertraline and akathisia. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1994;14:278-9.
81. Hoaken PCS. An alert to extrapyramidal side-effects from SSRIs [letter]. Can J Psychiatry 1995;40:51.
82. McCall WV. Sertraline-induced stuttering [letter]. J Clin Psychiatry 1994;55:316.
83. Opler LA. Sertraline and akathisia Am J Psychiatry 1994; 151:620-1.
84. Adler LA, Angrist BM. Paroxetine and akathisia. Biol Psychiatry 1995;37:336-7.
85. Baldassano CF, Truman CJ, Nierenberg A, Ghaemi SN, Sachs GS. Akathisia: a review and case report following paroxetine treatment. Compr Psychiatry 1996;37:122-4.
86. Meltzer HY, Young M, Metz J, Fang VS, Schyve PM, Arora RC. Extrapyramidal side effects and increased serum prolactin following fluoxetine, a new antidepressant. J Neural Transm 1979;45: 165-75.
87. Brod TM. Fluoxetine and extrapyramidal side effects. Am J Psychiatry 1989;146:1352-3.
88. Lock JD, Gwirtsman HE, Targ EF. Possible adverse drug interactions between fluoxetine and other psychotropics. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1990;10:383-2.
89. Reccoppa L, Welch WA, Ware MR. Acute dystonia and fluoxetine [letter]. J Clin Psychiatry 1990;51:487.
90. Dave M. Fluoxetine-induced dystonia [letter]. Am J Psychiatry 1994;151:149.
91. George MS, Trimble MR. Dystonic reaction associated with fluvoxamine [letter]. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1993;13:220-1.
92. Porro V, Fiorenzoni S, Menga C, de Cristofaro A, Bertolino A. Single-blind comparison of the efficacy of fluvoxamine versus placebo in patients with depressive syndrome. Curr Ther Res 1988;43:621-9.
93. Dystonia and withdrawal symptoms with paroxetine (Seroxat) [editorial]. Current Problems (London, England) 1993;19:1.
94. Berk M. Paroxetine induces dystonia and parkinsonism in obsessive compulsive disorder. Hum Psychopharmacol 1993;8: 444-5.
95. Horrigan JP, Barnhill LJ. Paroxetine-pimozide drug interaction. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1994;1060-1.
96. Steur EJ. Increase of Parkinson disability after fluoxetine medication. Neurology 1993;43:211-3.
97. Chouinard G, Sultan S. A case of Parkinson's disease exacerbated by fluoxetine. Hum Psychopharmacol 1992;7:63-6.
98. Caley CF, Friedman JH. Does fluoxetine exacerbate Parkinson's disease? J Clin Psychiatry 1992;53:278-82.
99. Singh RK, Gupta AK, Singh B. Acute organic brain syndrome after fluoxetine treatment. Am J Psychiatry 1995;152: 295-6.
100. Lock JD, Gwirtsman HE, Targ EF. Possible adverse drug interactions between fluoxetine and other psychotropics. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1990;10:383-4.
101. Wils V. Extrapyramidal symptoms in a patient with fluvoxamine. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1992;55:330-1.
102. Meerwaldt JD. Treatment of hypokinetic rigid syndrome with fluvoxamine. Lancet 1986;1:977-8.
103. Nicholson SD. Extrapyramidal side effects associated with paroxetine. West Engl Med J 1992;7:90-1.
104. Malek-Ahmadi P, Allen SA. Paroxetine-molindone interaction. J Clin Psychiatry 1995;56:82-3.
105. Jimenez-Jimenez FJ, Teijeiro J, Martinez-Junquera G, Cabrera-Valdivia F, Alarcon J, Garcia-Albea E. Parkinsonism exacerbated by paroxetine. Neurology 1994;44:2406.
106. Fishbain DA, Dominguez M, Goldberg M, Olsen E, Rosomoff HL. Dyskinesia associated with fluoxetine use. Neuropsychiatr Neuropsychol Behav Neurol 1992;5:97-100.
107. Sandier NH. Tardive dyskinesia associated with fluoxetine [letter]. J Clin Psychiatry 1996;57:91.
108. Bharucha KJ, Sethi KD. Complex movement disorders induced by fluoxetine. Mov Disord 1996;11:324-6.
109. Stein MH. Tardive dyskinesia in a patient taking haloperidol and fluoxetine [letter]. Am J Psychiatry 1991;148:683.
110. Budman CL, Bruun RD. Persistent dyskinesia in a patient receiving fluoxetine [letter]. Am J Psychiatry 1991;148:1403.
111. Mander A, McCausland M, Workman B, et al. Fluoxetine induced dyskinesia. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 1994;28:328-30.
112. Sheepers BDM, Rogers DG. Dyskinesias following treatment with 5-HT re-uptake inhibitors. J Psychopharmacol 1994;8: 258-60.
113. Arya DK, Szabadi E. Dyskinesia associated with fluvoxamine. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1993;13:365-6.
114. Halman M, Goldbloom DS. Fluoxetine and neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Biol Psychiatry 1990;28:518-21.
115. Andrew HG. Clinical relationship of extrapyramidal symptoms and tardive dyskinesia. Can J Psychiatry 1994;39[suppl 2]: S76-S80.
116. Casey DE. Motor and mental aspects of extrapyramidal syndromes. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 1995;10:105-14.
117. Soubrie P, Reisine TD, Glowinski J. Functional aspects of serotonin transmission in the basal ganglia: a review and an in vivo approach using the push-pull cannula technique. Neuroscience 1984;13:605-25.
118. 2 antagonists modulates the effects of D-2 dopamine receptor blockade. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1990; 253:1162-70.
119. Kapur S, Remington G. Serotonin-dopamine interaction and its relevance to schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 1996;153: 466-76.
120. Dewey SL, Smith GS, Logan J, Alexoff D, Ding YS, King P, Pappas N, Brodie JD, Ashby CR. Serotonergic modulation of striatal dopamine measured with positron emission tomography (PET) and in vivo microdialysis. J Neurosci 1995;15:821-9.
121. Ichikawa J, Meltzer HY. Effect of antidepressants on striatal and accumbens extracellular dopamine levels. Eur J Pharmacol 1995;281:255-61.
122. Meltzer HY, Ichikawa J, Chai B-L. Effect of selective serotonin (5-HT) reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) and tricyclic antidepressants on extracellular dopamine (DA), homovanillic acid (HVA) and 5-hydroxy-indoleacetic acid (5-HLAA) in rat striatum (STR) [abstract]. Soc Neurosci Abstr 1993;353:2;855.
123. Wilbur R, Kulik FA, Kulik AV. Noradrenergic effects in tardive dyskinesia, akathisia and pseudoparkinsonism via the limbic system and basal ganglia. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 1988;12:849-64.
124. Wiesel FA. Effects of isomeric forms of propranolol on central metabolism in regions of rat brain. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol 1977;1:83-9.
125. Lipinski JF, Keck PE, McElroy SL. Beta-adrenergic antagonists in psychosis: is improvement due to treatment of neuroleptic-induced akathisia? J Clin Psychopharmacol 1988;8:409-16.
126. Kaufman CA, Jeste DV, Shelton RC, Linnoila M, Kafka MS, Wyatt RJ. Noradrenergic and neuroradiological abnormalities in tardive dyskinesia. Biol Psychiatry 1986;21:799-812.