The possible role of nannobacteria (dwarf bacteria) in clay-mineral diagenesis and the importance of careful sample preparation in high-magnification SEM study

Journal of Sedimentary Research

Volumn 67, Issue 3, 1997, Pages 583-589

  Folk, Robert L ^a,b   Lynch, F Leo ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BACTERIA; CHLORINE COMPOUNDS; ETCHING; KAOLINITE; TEXTURES;

BACTERIAL GROWTH; CLAY FLAKES; COATING TIME; CORPUS CHRISTI; FRIO FORMATION; HIGH MAGNIFICATIONS; OLIGOCENE; SAMPLE PREPARATION;

GOLD COATINGS;

BACTERIA; CLAY; DIAGENESIS; SAMPLE PREPARATION; SEM;

USA, TEXAS, CORPUS CHRISTI;

EID: 0030793941     PISSN: 15271404     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. AYALON, A., AND LONGSTAFFE, F.J., 1988, Oxygen isotope studies of diagenesis and pore-water evolution in the western Canada sedimentary basin: evidence from the Upper Cretaceous Basal Belly River sandstone, Alberta: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 58, p. 489-505.
2. BATES, T.F., 1971, The kaolin minerals, in Gard, J.A., ed., The Electron-Optical Investigation of Clays: London, The Mineralogical Society, p. 109-157.
3. BEVERIDGE, T.J., 1989, Role of cellular design in bacterial metal accumulation and mineralization: Annual Review of Microbiology, v. 43, p. 147-171.
4. BEVERIDGE, T.J., AND DOYLE, R.I., 1989, Metal Ions and Bacteria: New York, Wiley, 461 p.
5. BEVERIDGE, T.J., AND MURRAY, R.C.E., 1976, Uptake and retention of metals by cell walls of Bacillus subtilis: Journal of Bacteriology, v. 127, p. 1502-1518.
6. BEVERIDGE, T.J., MELOCHE, J.D., FYFE, W.S., AND MURRAY, R.G.E., 1983, Diagenesis of metals chemically complexed to bacteria: laboratory formation of metal phosphates, sulfides and organic condensates in artificial sediments: Applied Environmental Microbiology, v. 45, p. 1094-3149.
7. BLASCHKE, R., 1980, Three examples of coating artifacts in scanning electron microscopy: Royal Microscopical Society, Proceedings, v. 15, p. 280-281.
8. DEXTER-DYER, B., KRETZSCHMER, M., AND KRUMBEIN, W.E., 1984. Possible microbial pathways in the formation of Precambrian ore deposits: Geological Society of London, Journal, v. 141, p. 251-262.
9. EHRLICH, H.L., 1990. Geomicrobiology, 2nd Edition: New York, Marcel Dekker, 646 p.
10. EHRLICH, H.L., AND BRIERLY, C.L., 1988, Microbial Mineral Recovery: New York, McGraw-Hill, 454 p.
11. ESWARAN, H., 1972. Morphology of allophane, imogolite and halloysite: Clay Minerals, v. 9, p. 281-285.
12. FERRIS, F.G., BEVERIDGE, T.J., AND FYFE, W.S., 1986, Iron-silica crystallite nucleation by bacteria in a geothermal environment: Nature, v. 320, p. 609-611.
13. FERRIS, F.G., FYFE, W.S., AND BEVERIDGE, T.J., 1991, Bacteria as nucleation sites for authigenic minerals, in Berthelin, J., ed., Diversity of Environmental Biogeochemistry: Amsterdam, Elsevier, Developments in Geochemistry 6, p. 319-321.
14. FERRIS, F.G., SHOTYK, W., AND FYFE, W.S., 1989, Mineral formation and decomposition by microorganisms, in Beveridge, T.J., and Doyle, R. J., eds., Metal Ions and Bacteria: New York, Wiley, p. 413-441.
15. FLEGLER, S.L., HECKMAN, J.W., J.R., AND KLOMPARENS, K.L., 1993, Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopy; An Introduction: New York, W.H. Freeman, 225 p.
16. FOLK, R.L., 1993, SEM imaging of bacteria and nannobacteria in carbonate sediments and rocks: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 63, p. 990-999.
17. FOLK, R.L., 1994a, Dwarf bacteria (nannobacleria) and the precipitation of silica and clay minerals (abstract): 14th International Sedimentological Congress, Recife, Brazil.
18. FOLK, R.L., 1994b, Interaction between bacteria, nannobacteria and mineral precipitation in hot springs of central Italy: Geographie Physique et Quaternaire, v. 48, p. 233-246.
19. FOLK, R.L., LYNCH, F.L., AND RASBURY, E.T., 1994, Evidence for bacterial precipitation of clay minerals upon sand grains, in soils, and in the subsurface (abstract): Geological Society of America, Annual Meeting, Abstracts with Programs, p. A-508.
20. FOLK, R.L., NOBLE, P.J., GELATO, G., AND MCLEAN, R.J.C., 1995, Precipitation of opal-CT lepispheres, chalcedony and chert nodules by nannobacteria (dwarf bacteria) (abstract): Geological Society of America, Annual Meeting, Abstracts with Programs, p. A-305.
21. GALLOWAY, W.E., 1989, Genetic stratigraphic sequences in basin analysis II: application to northwest Gulf of Mexico Cenozoic basin: American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Bulletin, v. 73, p. 143-154.
22. GHIORSE, W.C., AND WILSON, J.T., 1988, Microbial ecology of the terrestrial subsurface: Advances in Applied Microbiology, v. 33, p. 107-172.
23. HAMILTON, P.J., GILES, M.R., AND AINSWORTH, P., 1992, K-Ar dating of illites in Brent Group reservoirs: a regional perspective, in Morton, A.C., Haszeldine, R.S., Giles, M.R., and Brown, S., eds., Geology of the Brent Group: Geological Society of London, Special Publication 6, p. 377-400.
24. HOUSEKNECHT, D.W., AND PITTMAN, E.D., 1992, Origin, Diagenesis, and Petrophysics of Clay Minerals in Sandstone: SEPM Special Publication 47, 282 p.
25. HUANG, P.M., AND SCHNITZER, M., 1986, Interactions of Soil Minerals with Natural Organics and Microbes: Soil Science Society of America, Special Publication 17, 606 p.
26. KERRICK, D.M., EMINHIZER, L.B., AND VILLAUME, J.F., 1973, The role of carbon film thickness in electron microprobe analyses: American Mineralogist, v. 58, p. 920-925.
27. KLUG, A., FRANKLIN, R.E., AND HUMPHREYS-OWENS, S.P.F., 1959, The crystal structure of Tipula iridescent virus as determined by Bragg reflection of visible light: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, v. 32, p. 203-219.
28. KONHAUSER, K.O., AND FERRIS, F.G., 1994, Mineral precipitation associated with Icelandic hot springs (abstract): Geological Society of America, Annual Meeting, Abstracts with Programs, p. A-509.
29. KONHACSER, K.O., FYFE, W.S., FESRIS, F.G., AND BEVERIDGE, T.J., 1993, Metal sorption and mineral precipitation by bacteria in American river systems: Rio Solimoes and Rio Negro, Brazil: Geology, v. 20, p. 1103-1106.
30. LEE, R.E., 1993, Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-Ray Microanalysis: Englewood Cliffs, N.J., Prentice Hall. 458 p.
31. LYNCH, F.L., 1994, The effects of depositional environment and formation water chemistry on the diagenesis of Frio Formation (Oligocene) sandstones and shales, Aransas, Nueces, and San Patricio counties, Texas [unpublished Ph.D. thesis]: University of Texas, 304 p.
32. LYNCH, F.L., 1996, Mineral/water interaction, fluid flow, and Frio sandstone diagenesis: evidence from the rocks: American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Bulletin, v. 80, p. 486-504.
33. MARTIN, R.G., 1978, Northern and eastern Gulf of Mexico continental margin: stratigraphic and structural framework, in Bouma, A.H., Moore, G.T., and Colemen, J.M., eds., Framework, Facies, and Oil-Trapping Characteristics of the Upper Continental Margin: American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Studies in Geology 7, p. 21-42.
34. MCLEAN, R.J.C., AND BEVERIDGE, T.J., 1988, Metal-binding capacity of bacterial surfaces and their ability to form mineralized aggregates, in Ehrlich, H.L., and Briefly, C.L., Microbial Mineral Recovery: New York, McGraw-Hill, p. 185-222.
35. MONTY, C.L.V., WESTALL, F., AND VAN DER GAAST, S., 1991, Diagenesis of siliceous particles in subantarctic sediments, hole 699A: possible microbial mediation, in Ciesielski, P.F., Kristoffersen, Y., et al., Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program. Scientific Results, v. 114, College Station, Texas, p. 685-710.
36. MULLEN, M.D., WOLF, D.C., FERRIS, F.G., BEVERIDGE, T.J., FLEMMING, C.A., AND BAILEV, G.W., 1989, Bacterial sorption of heavy metals: Applied Environmental Microbiology, v. 55, p. 3143-3149.
37. NEWBURY, D.E., JOY, D.C., ECHLIN, P., FIERI, C.E., AND GOLDSTEIN, J.I., 1986, Advanced Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-Ray Microanalysis: New York, Plenum Press, 454 p.
38. PEDONE, V.A., AND FOLK, R.L., 1996, Formation of aragonite cement by nannobacteria in the Great Salt Lake, Utah: Geology, v. 24, p. 763-765.
39. ROSOWSKI, J.R., ROEMER, S.C., HOAGLUND, K.D., AND ROTH, W.A., 1984, Thin metal coatings: contribution to surface features of diatom cell walls: Scanning Electron Microscopy, v. 1984/I, p. 29-40.
40. SHARP, J.M., JR., GALLOWAY, W.E., LAND, L.S., MCBRIDE, E.F., BLANCHARD, P.E., BODNER, D.P., DUTTON, S.P., FARR, M.R., GOLD, P.B., JACKSON, T.J., LUNDEGARD, P.D., MACPHERSON, G.L., AND MILLIKEN, K.L., 1988. Diagenetic processes in Northwestern Gulf of Mexico sediments, in Chilingarian, G.V., and Wolf, K.H., eds., Diagenesis II: New York, Elsevier, p. 43-113.
41. SMART, P., AND TOVEY, N.K., 1981, Electron Microscopy of Soils and Sediments: Oxford, U.K., Clarendon Press, 178 p.
42. URRUTIA, M.M., KEMPER, M., DOYLE, R., AND BEVERIDGE, T.J., 1992, The membrane-induced proton motive force influences the metal-binding ability of Bacillus subtilis cell walls: Applied Environmental Microbiology, v. 58. p. 3837-3844.
43. URRUTIA, M.M., AND BEVERIDGE, T.J., 1994. Formation of fine-grained metal and silicate precipitates on a bacterial surface (Bacillus subtilis): Chemical Geology, v. 116. p. 261-288.
44. WALKER, S.G., FLEMMING, C.A., FERRIS, F.G., BEVERIDGE, T.J., AND BAILEY, G.W., 1989, Physicochemical interaction of Escherichia coli cell envelopes and Bacillus subtilis cell walls with two clays and the ability of the composite to immobilize heavy metals from solution: Applied Environmental Microbiology, v. 55, p. 2976-2984.
45. WEAVER, C.E., 1989. Clays, Muds and Shales: Amsterdam, Elsevier, Developments in Sedimentology 44, 819 p.
46. WEAVER, C.E., AND BECK, K.C., 1977. Miocene of the Southeastern United States: Amsterdam, Elsevier, Developments in Sedimentology 22, 234 p.
47. WEINBERG, E.D., 1977, Micro-Organisms and Metals: New York, Marcel Dekker, 492 p.
48. WELTON, J.E., 1984, SEM Petrology Atlas: Tulsa, Oklahoma, American Association of Petroleum Geologists, 237 p.
49. WESTBROEK, P., 1983, Biological metal accumulation and biomineralization in a geological perspective, in Westbroek, P., and de Jong, E.W., eds., Biomineralization and Biological Metal Accumulation: Dordrecht, The Netherlands, D. Reidel, p. 1-11.
50. ZAJIC, J.E., 1969, Microbial Geochemistry: New York, Academic Press, 345 p.