Cocaine's effects on neuroendocrine systems: Clinical and preclinical studies

Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior

Volumn 57, Issue 3, 1997, Pages 571-599

  Mello, Nancy K ^a   Mendelson, Jack H ^a  

^a HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

Author keywords

Adrenocorticotropic hormone; Cocaine; Corticosterone; Cortisol; Estrous cycle; Follicle stimulating hormone; Luteinizing hormone; Menstrual cycle; Prolactin

Indexed keywords

COCAINE; CORTICOSTERONE; CORTICOTROPIN; DOPAMINE; GONADOTROPIN; HYDROCORTISONE; PROLACTIN;

ARTICLE; DRUG ABUSE; ESTRUS CYCLE; HUMAN; LONG TERM EXPOSURE; MENSTRUAL CYCLE; NEUROENDOCRINE SYSTEM; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RHESUS MONKEY; RODENT;

ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE; ANIMALS; COCAINE; ESTRUS; FEMALE; GONADOTROPINS; HUMANS; OPIOID-RELATED DISORDERS; PROLACTIN; RATS;

MACACA MULATTA; RODENTIA;

EID: 0030792315     PISSN: 00913057     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0091-3057(96)00433-9     Document Type: Article

References (255)

1. The National Commission on Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. Fifth interim report to the President the Congress The twin epidemics of substance use and HIV. 1991;National Commission on AIDS, Washington, DC.
2. Epidemiologic trends in drug abuse vol. I Highlights and executive summary. 1995;National Institute on Drug Abuse, Washington, DC.
3. Abel E. L., Moore C., Waselewsky D., Zajac C., Russell L. D. Effects of cocaine hydrochloride on reproductive function and sexual behaviour of male rats and on the behaviour of their offspring. J. Androl. 10:1989;17-27.
4. Adams J. M., Taylor A. E., Schoenfeld D. A., Crowley W. F. Jr., Hall J. E. The midcycle gonadotropin surge in normal women occurs in the face of an unchanging gonadotropin-releasing hormone pulse frequency. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 79:1994;858-864.
5. Allolio B., Deuss U., Kaulen D., Leonhardt U., Kallabis D., Hamel E., Winkelmann W. FK 33-824, a met-enkephalin analog, blocks corticotropin-releasing hormone-induced adrenocorticotropin secretion in normal subjects but not in patients with Cushing's disease. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 63:1986;1427-1431.
6. Atlas S. J., Wallach E. E. Effects of intravenous cocaine on reproductive function in the mated rabbit. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 165:1991;1785-1790.
7. Bansal S., Lee L. A., Woolf P. D. Abnormal prolactin responsivity to dopaminergic suppression in hyperprolactinemic patients. Am. J. Med. 71:1981;961-966.
8. Baumann M. H., Becketts K. M., Rothman R. B. Evidence for alterations in presynaptic serotonergic function during withdrawal from chronic cocaine in rats. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 282:1995;87-93.
9. Baumann M. H., Gendron T. M., Becketts K. M., Henningfield J. E., Gorelick D. A., Rothman R. B. Effects of intravenous cocaine on plasma cortisol and prolactin in human cocaine abusers. Biol. Psychiatry. 38:1995;751-755.
10. Baumann M. H., Rothman R. B. Effects of acute and chronic cocaine on the activity of tuberoinfundibular dopamine neurons in the rat. Brain Res. 608:1993;175-179.
11. Ben-Jonathan N. Dopamine. A prolactin-inhibiting hormone Endocr. Rev. 6:1985;564-589.
12. Besedovsky H. O., Del Rey A. Immune-neuro-endocrine interactions. Facts and hypotheses Endocr. Rev. 17:1996;64-102.
13. Borowsky B., Kuhn C. M. Monoamine mediation of cocaine-induced hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal activation. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 256:1991;204-210.
14. Borowsky B., Kuhn C. M. Chronic cocaine administration sensitizes behavioral but not neuroendocrine responses. Brain Res. 543:1991;301-306.
15. 2 dopamine receptor stimulation of hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal activity in rats. Neuropharmacology. 31:1992;671-678.
16. Brady, J. V.; Lukas, S. E., eds. Testing drugs for physical dependence potential and abuse liability. NIDA Research Monograph No. 52. DHHS (ADM)84-1332. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office; 1984:147.
17. Bullen B. A., Skinnar G. S., Beitins I. Z., von Mering G., Turnbull B. A., McArthur J. W. Induction of menstrual disorders by strenuous exercise in untrained women. N. Engl. J. Med. 2:1985;1349.
18. Cabrera T. M., Levy A. D., Li Q., Van de Kar L. D., Battaglia G. Cocaine-induced deficits in ACTH and corticosterone responses in female rat progeny. Brain Res. Bull. 34:1994;93-97.
19. Cabrera T. M., Yracheta J. M., Li Q., Levy A. D., Van de Kar L. D., Battaglia G. Prenatal cocaine produces deficits in serotonin mediated neuroendocrine responses in adult rat progeny. Evidence for long-term functional alterations in brain serotonin pathways Synapse. 15:1993;158-168.
20. Calogero A. E., Gallucci W. T., Kling M. A., Chrousos G. P., Gold P. W. Cocaine stimulates rat hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing hormone secretion in vitro. Brain Res. 505:1989;7-11.
21. Canez M. S., Samuels M. H., Luther M. F., King T. S., Schenken R. S. Cocaine impairs gonadotropin secretion in oophorectomized monkeys. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 167:1992;1785-1793.
22. Carnes M., Kalin N. H., Lent S. J., Barksdale C. M., Brownfield M. S. Pulsatile ACTH secretion. Variation with time of day and relationship to cortisol Peptides. 9:1988;325-331.
23. Carnes M., Lent S. J., Goodman B., Mueller C., Saydoff J., Erisman S. Effects of immunoneutralization of corticotropin-releasing hormone on ultradian rhythms of plasma adrenocorticotropin. Endocrinology. 126:1990;1904-1913.
24. Chaisson R. E., Bacchetti P., Osmond D., Brodie B., Sande M. A., Moss A. R. Cocaine use and HIV infection in intravenous drug users in San Francisco. JAMA. 261:1989;561-565.
25. Chasnoff, I. J.; Burns, K. A.; Burns, W. J.: Cocaine use in pregnancy: Perinatal morbidity and mortality. Neurotoxicol. Teratol. 291-293; 1987.
26. Chen C. J., Vandenbergh J. G. Effect of chronic cocaine on reproduction in female house mice. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 148:1994;909-913.
27. Cocores J. A., Dackis C. A., Gold M. S. Sexual dysfunction secondary to cocaine abuse in two patients. J. Clin. Psychiatry. 47:1986;384-387.
28. Condelli W. S., Fairbank J. A., Dennis M. L., Rachal J. V. Cocaine use by clients in methadone programs. Significance, scope, and behavioral interventions J. Subst. Abuse Treat. 8:1991;203-212.
29. Conn P. M., Crowley W. F. J. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone and its analogues. N. Engl. J. Med. 324:1991;93-103.
30. Cregler L. L., Mark H. Medical complications of cocaine abuse. N. Engl. J. Med. 315:1986;1495-1500.
31. Crowley W. F. Jr., Filicori M., Spratt D. I., Santoro N. F. The physiology of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion in men and women. Rec. Prog. Horm. Res. 41:1985;473-526.
32. Dackis C. A., Gold M. S. New concepts in cocaine addiction. The dopamine depletion hypothesis Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 9:1985;469-477.
33. 1Areceptor agonists. Recent developments and controversial issues Psychopharmacology. 121:1995;1-26.
34. Dierschke D. J., Hutz R. J., Wolf R. C. Induced follicular atresia in rhesus monkeys. Strength-duration relationships of the estrogen stimulus Endocrinology. 117:1985;1397-1403.
35. Dierschke D. J., Hutz R. J., Wolf R. C. Atretogenic action of estrogen in rhesus monkeys. Effects of repeated treatment Am. J. Primatol. 12:1987;251-261.
36. diZerega G. S., Hodgen G. D. Folliculogenesis in the primate ovarian cycle. Endocr. Rev. 2:1981;27-49.
37. diZerega G. S., Hodgen G. D. Follicular phase treatment of luteal phase dysfunction. Fertil. Steril. 35:1981;428-432.
38. diZerega G. S., Wilks J. W. Inhibition of the primate ovarian cycle by a porcine follicular fluid protein(s). Fertil. Steril. 41:1984;1094-1100.
39. Donahoe R. M., Falek A. Neuroimmunomodulation by opiates and other drugs of abuse. Relationship to HIV infection and AIDS Bridge T. P., Mirsky F. A., Goodwin F. K. Psychological, neuropsychiatric and substance abuse aspects of AIDS. 1988;145-157 Raven Press, New York.
40. Dow-Edwards D. L. Cocaine effects on fetal development. A comparison of clinical and animal research findings Neurotoxicol. Teratol. 13:1991;347-352.
41. Dunteman G. H., Condelli W. S., Fairbank J. A. Predicting cocaine use among methadone patients. Analysis of findings from a national study Hosp. Community Psychiatry. 43:1992;608-611.
42. Dworkin S. J., Mirkis S., Smith J. E. Response-dependent versus response-independent presentation of cocaine. Differences in the lethal effects of the drug Psychopharmacology. 117:1995;262-266.
43. Farfel G. M., Kleven M. S., Woolverton W. L., Seiden L. S., Perry B. D. Effects of repeated injections of cocaine on catecholamine receptor binding sites, dopamine transporter binding sites and behavior in rhesus monkey. Brain Res. 578:1992;235-243.
44. Ferin M. Endogenous opioid peptides and the menstrual cycle. Trends Neurosci. 7:1984;194-197.
45. Ferin M. A role for the endogenous opioid peptides in the regulation of gonadotropin secretion in the primate. Horm. Res. 28:1987;119-125.
46. Ferin M., Van Vugt D., Wardlaw S. The hypothalamic control of the menstrual cycle and the role of endogenous opioid peptides. Rec. Prog. Horm. Res. 40:1984;441-485.
47. Filicori M., Flamigni C., Dellai P., Cognigni G., Michelacci L., Arnone R., Sambataro M., Falbo A. Treatment of anovulation with pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone. Prognostic factors and clinical results in 600 cycles J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 79:1994;1215-1220.
48. Fischman M. W., Schuster C. R., Javaid J. K., Hatono Y., Davis J. Acute tolerance development to the cardiovascular and subjective effects of cocaine. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 235:1985;677-682.
49. Frawley L. S., Neill J. D. Brief decreases in dopamine result in surges of prolactin secretion in monkeys. Am. J. Physiol. 247:1984;E778-E780.
50. Freeman M. The ovarian cycle of the rat. Knobil E., Neill J., Ewing L. L., Greenwald G. S., Markert C. L., Pfaff D. W. The physiology of reproduction. 1988;1893-1928 Raven Press, New York.
51. Friedman L. N., Williams M. T., Singh T. P., Frieden T. R. Tuberculosis, AIDS, and death among substance abusers on welfare in New York City. N. Engl. J. Med. 334:1996;828-833.
52. Frisch R. E. Fatness, puberty, menstrual periodicity and fertility. Vaitukaitis J. L. Clinical reproductive neuroendocrinology. 1982;105-135 Elsevier Biomedical, New York.
53. Gambacciani M., Liu J. H., Swartz W. H., Tueros V. S., Rasmussen D. D., Yen S. S. C. Intrinsic pulsatility of ACTH release from the human pituitary in vitro. Clin. Endocrinol. 26:1987;557-563.
54. Gastfriend D. R., Mendelson J. H., Mello N. K., Teoh S. K., Reif S. Buprenorphine pharmacotherapy for concurrent heroin and cocaine dependence. Am. J. Addict. 2:1993;269-278.
55. Gawin F., Ellinwood E. H. Cocaine and other stimulants. Actions, abuse and treatment N. Engl. J. Med. 318:1988;1173-1182.
56. Gawin F. H., Kleber H. D. Neuroendocrine findings in chronic cocaine abusers. A preliminary report Br. J. Psychiatry. 247:1985;569-573.
57. Genazzani F., Cavagnini F., Picotti G. B., Ghigo E., DeLeo V., Galva M. D., Maraschini C., Muller E. E. Different rebound rise in plasma prolactin during the postdopamine infusion phase in puerperal women and patients with pathological hyperprolactinemia. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 57:1983;1159-1163.
58. Goeders N. E., Bienvenu O. J., DeSouza E. B. Chronic cocaine administration alters corticotropin-releasing factor receptors in the rat brain. Brain Res. 29:1990;322-328.
59. Goeders N. E., Guerin G. F. The HPA axis and cocaine self-administration. Harris L. S. College on problems of drug dependence. 1995;462 US Government Printing Office, ; 1994. NIDA Research Monograph 153. Washington, DC.
60. Goodman A. L., Hodgen G. D. The ovarian triad of the primate menstrual cycle. Rec. Prog. Horm. Res. 39:1983;1-67.
61. Gordon L. A., Mostofsky D. I., Gordon G. G. Changes in testosterone levels in the rat following intraperitoneal cocaine HCl. Int. J. Neurosci. 11:1980;139-141.
62. Gouguen A. Regulation of ovarian follicular development in primates. Facts and hypothesis Endocr. Rev. 17:1996;121-155.
63. Griffiths R., Bigelow G., Henningfield J. Similarities in animal and human drug taking behavior. Mello N. K. Advances in substance abuse, behavioral and biological research. 1980;1-90 JAI Press, Greenwich, CT.
64. Heesch C. M., Negus B. H., Bost J. E., Keffer J. H., Snyder R. W., Eichhorn E. J. Effects of cocaine on anterior pituitary and gonadal hormones. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 278:1996;1195-1200.
65. Heesch C., Negus B., Keffer J., Snyder R., Risser R., Eichhorn E. Effects of cocaine on cortisol secretion in humans. Am. J. Med. Sci. 310:1995;61-64.
66. Ho K. Y., Smythe G. A., Duncan M., Lazarus L. Dopamine infusion studies in patients with pathological hyperprolactinemia. Evidence of normal prolactin suppressibility but abnormal dopamine metabolism J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 58:1984;128-132.
67. Hodgen G. D. The dominant ovarian follicle. Fertil. Steril. 38:1982;281-300.
68. Holaday J. W., Martinez H. M., Natelson B. H. Synchronized ultradian cortisol rhythms in monkeys. Persistence during corticotropin infusion Science. 198:1977;56-58.
69. Hollander E., Nunes E., DeCaria C. M., Quitkin F. M., Cooper T., Wager S., Klein D. F. Dopaminergic sensitivity and cocaine abuse. Response to apomorphine Psychiatry Res. 33:1990;161-169.
70. Hollander J. The management of cocaine-associated myocardial ischemia. N. Engl. J. Med. 333:1995;1267-1272.
71. Howell L. L., Byrd L. D. Characterization of the effects of cocaine and GBR 12909, a dopamine uptake inhibitor, on behavior in the squirrel monkey. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 258:1991;178-185.
72. Hurley D. M., Brian R., Outch K., Stockdale J., Frye A., Hadiman C., Clark I., Burger H. G. Induction of ovulation and fertility in amenorrheic women by pulsatile low-dose gonadotropin-releasing hormone. N. Engl. J. Med. 310:1984;1069.
73. Hutchings, D. E., ed. Prenatal abuse of licit and illicit drugs. New York: New York Academy of Sciences; 1989.
74. Hutchison J. S., Kubik C. J., Nelson P. B., Zeleznik A. J. Estrogen induces premature luteal regression in rhesus monkeys during spontaneous menstrual cycles, but not in cycles driven by exogenous gonadotropin-releasing hormone. Endocrinology. 121:1987;466-474.
75. Hutz R. J., Dierschke D. J., Wolf R. C. Role of estradiol in regulating ovarian follicular atresia in rhesus monkeys. A review J. Med. Primatol. 19:1990;553-571.
76. Imperato A., Mele A., Scrocco M. G., Puglisi-Allegra S. Chronic cocaine alters limbic extracellular dopamine. Neurochemical basis for addiction. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 212:1992;299-300.
77. Iranmanesh A., Lizarralde G., Short E., Veldhuis J. D. Intensive venous sampling paradigms disclose high frequency adrenocorticotropin release episodes in normal men. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 71:1990;1276-1283.
78. Isner J. M., Estes M., Thompson P. D., Costanzo-Nordin M. R., Subramanian R., Miller G., Katsas G., Sweeney K., Sturner W. Q. Acute cardiac events temporarily related to cocaine abuse. N. Engl. J. Med. 315:1986;1438-1443.
79. Jain R., Zwickler D., Hollander C. S., Brand H., Saperstein A., Hutchinson B., Brown C., Audhya T. Corticotropin-releasing factor modulates the immune response to stress in the rat. Endocrinology. 128:1991;1329-1336.
80. Jarjour L. T., Handelsman D. J., Raum W. J., Swerdloff R. S. Mechanism of action of dopamine on the in vitro release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone. Endocrinology. 119:1986;1726-1732.
81. Johanson C. E., Fischman M. W. The pharmacology of cocaine related to its abuse. Pharmacol. Rev. 41:1989;3-52.
82. Judd S., Rakoff J., Yen S. S. C. Inhibition of gonadotrophin and prolactin release by dopamine. Effect of endogenous estradiol levels Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 47:1978;494-498.
83. Kaptein E. M., Kletzky O. A., Spencer C. A., Nicoloff J. T. Effects of prolonged dopamine infusion on anterior pituitary function in normal males. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 51:1980;488-491.
84. Karsch F. J. Central actions of ovarian steroids in the feedback regulation of pulsatile secretion of luteinizing hormone. Annu. Rev. Physiol. 49:1987;365-382.
85. Kaufman J. M., Kesner J. S., Wilson R. C., Knobil E. Electrophysiological manifestation of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone pulse generator activity in the rhesus monkey. Influence of α-adrenergic and dopaminergic blocking agents Endocrinology. 116:1985;1327-1333.
86. Kaufmann R. A., Savoy-Moore R. T., Sacco A. G., Subramanian M. G. The effect of cocaine on oocyte development and the follicular microenvironment in the rabbit. Fertil. Steril. 54:1990;921-926.
87. Kaufmann R. A., Savoy-Moore R. T., Subramanian M. G., Moghissi K. S. Cocaine inhibits mating-induced, but not human chorionic gonadotropin-stimulated, ovulation in the rabbit. Biol. Reprod. 46:1992;641-647.
88. King T. S., Canez M. S., Gaskill S., Javors M. A., Schenken R. S. Chronic cocaine disruption of estrous cyclicity in the rat. Dose-dependent effects J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 264:1993;29-34.
89. King T. S., Schenken R. S., Kang I. S., Javors M. A., Riehl R. Cocaine disrupts estrous cyclicity and alters the reproductive neuroendocrine axis in the rat. Neuroendocrinology. 51:1990;15-22.
90. 2 dopamine receptors in rat brain. Brain Res. 532:1990;265-270.
91. Knobil E. On the control of gonadotropin secretion in the rhesus monkey. Rec. Prog. Horm. Res. 30:1974;1-46.
92. Knobil E. The neuroendocrine control of the menstrual cycle. Rec. Prog. Horm. Res. 36:1980;53-88.
93. Knobil E., Hotchkiss J. The menstrual cycle and its neuroendocrine control. Knobil E., Neill J., Ewing L. L., Greenwald G. S., Markert C. L., Pfaff D. W. The physiology of reproduction, vol. 2. 1988;1971-1994 Raven Press, New York.
94. Kosten T. R., Rounsaville B. J., Gawin F. H., Kleber H. D. A 2.5 year follow-up of cocaine use among treated opioid addicts. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry. 44:1987;281-284.
95. Kreek M. J. Multiple drug abuse patterns. Recent trends and associated medical consequences Mello N. K. Advances in substance abuse, behavioral and biological research. 1991;91-112 Jessica Kingsley Publishers, London.
96. Kuhar M. J., Ritz M. C., Boja J. W. The dopamine hypothesis of the reinforcing properties of cocaine. Trends Neurosci. 14:1991;299-302.
97. Kuhar M. J., Ritz M. C., Sharkey J. Cocaine receptors on dopamine transporters mediate cocaine reinforced behavior. Clouet D., Ashar K., Brown R. Mechanisms of cocaine abuse and toxicity. 1988;14-22 US Government Printing Office, NIDA Research Monograph No. 88. Washington, DC.
98. Lachelin G. C. L., Leblanc H., Yen S. S. C. The inhibitory effect of dopamine agonists on LH release in women. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 44:1977;728-732.
99. La Ferla J., Anderson D. L., Schalch D. S. Psychoendocrine response to sexual arousal in human males. Psychosom. Med. 40:1978;166-172.
100. Laviola G., Wood R. D., Kuhn C., Francis R., Spear L. Cocaine sensitization in periadolescent and adult rats. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 275:1995;345-357.
101. LeBlanc H., Lachelin G. C. L., Abu-Fadil S., Yen S. S. C. Effects of dopamine infusion on pituitary hormone secretion in humans. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 43:1976;668.
102. LeBlanc H., Yen S. S. C. Effect of L-dopa and chlorpromazine on prolactin and growth hormone secretion in normal women. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 126:1976;162-164.
103. Lee M. A., Bowers M. M., Nash J. F., Meltzer H. Y. Neuroendocrine measures of dopaminergic function in chronic cocaine users. Psychiatry Res. 33:1990;151-159.
104. Levy A. D., Baumann M. H., Van de Kar L. D. Monoaminergic regulation of neuroendocrine function and its modification by cocaine. Front. Neuroendocrinol. 15:1994;85-166.
105. Levy A. D., Li Q., Alvarez Sanz M. C., Rittenhouse P. A., Kerr J. E., Van de Kar L. D. Neuroendocrine responses to cocaine do not exhibit sensitization following repeated cocaine exposure. Life Sci. 51:1992;887-897.
106. Levy A. D., Li Q., Kerr J. E., Rittenhouse P. A., Milonas G., Cabrera T. M., Battaglia G., Alvarez Sanz M. C., Van de Kar L. D. Cocaine-induced elevation of plasma adrenocorticotropin hormone and corticosterone is mediated by serotonergic neurons. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 259:1991;495-500.
107. Levy A. D., Rittenhouse P. A., Li Q., Bonadonna A., Alvarez Sanz M., Kerr J., Bethea C., Van de Kar L. D. Repeated injections of cocaine inhibit the serotonergic regulation of prolactin and renin secretion in rats. Brain Res. 580:1992;6-11.
108. Liposits Z., Phelix C., Paull W. Synaptic interaction of serotonergic axons and corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) synthesizing neurons in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus of the rat. A light and electron microscopic immunocytochemical study. Histochemistry. 86:1987;541-549.
109. Lyendecker G., Wildt L. Control of gonadotropin secretion in women. Norman R. L. Neuroendocrine aspects of reproduction. 1983;295-323 Academic Press, New York.
110. Magnano C. L., Gardner J. M., Karmel B. Z. Difference in salivary cortisol levels in cocaine-exposed and noncocaine-exposed NICU infants. Dev. Psychol. 25:1992;93-103.
111. Markham P. D., Salahuddin S. Z., Veren K., Orndorff S., Gallo R. C. Hydrocortisone and some other hormones enhance the expression HTLV-III. Int. J. Cancer. 37:1986;67-72.
112. Martin, J. B.; Reichlin, S., eds. Clinical neuroendocrinology, 2nd ed. Philadelphia: F. A. Davis Co.; 1987.
113. Martin K. A., Hall J. E., Adams J. M., Crowley W. F. Jr. Comparison of exogenous gonadotropins and pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone for induction of ovulation in hypogonadotropic amenorrhea. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 77:1993;125-129.
114. Martinez de la Escalera G., Weiner R. I. Dissociation of dopamine from its receptor as a signal in the pleiotropic hypothalamic regulation of prolactin secretion. Endocr. Rev. 13:1992;241-245.
115. Matsubara M., Tango M., Nakagawa K. Effects of dopaminergic agonists on plasma luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LRH) and gonadotropins in man. Horm. Metab. Res. 19:1987;31-34.
116. Matsuzaki M., Misra A. L. Comparison of the convulsant effects of cocaine and pseudococaine in the rhesus monkey. Brain Res. Bull. 2:1977;421-424.
117. Matsuzaki M., Spingler P. J., Misra A. L., Mule S. J. Cocaine. Tolerance to its convulsant and cardiorespiratory stimulating effects in the monkey Life Sci. 19:1976;193-204.
118. Mayes L. C., Granger R. H., Bornstein M. H., Zuckerman H. The problem of prenatal cocaine exposure. A rush to judgment JAMA. 267:1992;405-406.
119. McDougle C. J., Price L. H., Palumbo J. M., Kosten T. R., Heninger G. R., Kleber H. D. Dopaminergic responsivity during cocaine abstinence. A pilot study Psychiatry Res. 43:1992;77-85.
120. McNeely M. J., Soules M. R. Diagnosis of luteal phase deficiency. A critical review Fertil. Steril. 50:1988;1-15.
121. Mello N. K. Animal models of alcoholism. Progress and prospects Davidson R. S. Modification of pathological behavior, experimental analysis of etiology and therapy. 1979;273-333 Gardner Press, Inc, New York.
122. Mello, N. K.: Cocaine abuse and reproductive function in women. In: Proceedings, NIDA Conference on Drug Addiction Research and the Health of Women. NIDA Research Monograph. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office; in press.
123. Mello N. K., Mendelson J. H. Buprenorphine treatment of cocaine and heroin abuse. Cowan A., Lewis J. W. Buprenorphine. Combatting drug abuse with a unique opioid:1995;241-287 Wiley-Liss, Inc, New York.
124. Mello N. K., Mendelson J. H., Drieze J., Kelly M. Acute effects of cocaine on prolactin and gonadotropins in female rhesus monkey during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 254:1990;815-823.
125. Mello N. K., Mendelson J. H., Drieze J., Kelly M. Cocaine effects on luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone-stimulated anterior pituitary hormones in female rhesus monkey. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 71:1990;1434-1441.
126. Mello N. K., Mendelson J. H., Drieze J. H., Teoh S. K., Kelly M. L., Sholar J. W. Effects of dopamine on prolactin. Interactions with cocaine self-administration by female rhesus monkeys J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 270:1994;1110-1120.
127. Mello, N. K.; Mendelson, J. H.; Kelly, M.; Diaz-Migoyo, N.; Sholar, J. W.: The effects of chronic cocaine self-administration on the menstrual cycle in rhesus monkeys. In press.
128. Mello, N. K.; Mendelson, J. H.; Kelly, M.; Diaz-Migoyo, N.; Sholar, J. W.: Dopamine infusion does not alter LH levels before or after chronic cocaine exposure in female Rhesus monkeys. In press.
129. Mello N. K., Mendelson J. H., Lukas S. E., Gastfriend D., Teoh S. K., Holman B. L. Buprenorphine treatment of opiate and cocaine abuse. Clinical and preclinical studies Harvard Rev. Psychiatry. 1:1993;168-183.
130. Mello N. K., Mendelson J. H., Teoh S. K. Alcohol and neuroendocrine function in women of reproductive age. Mendelson J. H., Mello N. K. Medical diagnosis and treatment of alcoholism. 1:1992;575-621 McGraw-Hill, New York.
131. Mello N. K., Negus S. S. Preclinical evaluation of pharmacotherapies for treatment of cocaine and opiate abuse using drug self-administration procedures. Neuropsychopharmacology. 14:1996;375-424.
132. Mello N. K., Sarnyai Z., Mendelson J. H., Drieze J. M., Kelly M. Acute effects of cocaine on anterior pituitary hormones in male and female rhesus monkeys. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 266:1993;804-811.
133. Mello N. K., Sarnyai Z., Mendelson J. H., Drieze J. M., Kelly M. The acute effects of cocaine on anterior pituitary hormones in ovariectomized rhesus monkeys. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 272:1995;1059-1066.
134. Mendelson J. H., Mello N. K. Cocaine and other commonly abused drugs. Isselbacher K. H., Braunwald E., Wilson J. D., Martin J. B., Fauci A. S., Kasper D. L. Harrison's principles of internal medicine. 13:1994;2429-2433 McGraw-Hill, Inc, New York.
135. Mendelson, J. H.; Mello, N. K.: Cocaine and other commonly abused drugs. In: Isselbacher, K. H.; Braunwald, E.; Wilson, J. D.; Martin, J. B.; Fauci, A. S.; Kasper, D. L., eds. Harrison's principles of internal medicine, 14th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc.; in press.
136. Mendelson J. H., Mello N. K. Drug therapy. Management of cocaine abuse and dependence N. Engl. J. Med. 334:1996;965-972.
137. Mendelson J. H., Mello N. K., Cristofaro P., Skupny A., Ellingboe J. Use of naltrexone as a provocative test for hypothalamic-pituitary hormone function. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 24:1986;309-313.
138. Mendelson J. H., Mello N. K., Lukas S. E., Woods B. T., Teoh S. K. Promising new biological and behavioral correlates of the reinforcing properties of drugs. Fischman M. W., Mello N. K. Testing for abuse liability of drugs in humans. 1989;307-340 US Government Printing Office, NIDA Research Monograph No. 92. DHHS Publ. No. (ADM) 89-1613. Rockville, MD.
139. Mendelson J. H., Mello N. K., Teoh S. K., Ellingboe J., Cochin J. Cocaine effects on pulsatile secretion of anterior pituitary, gonadal, and adrenal hormones. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 69:1989;1256-1260.
140. Mendelson J. H., Mello N. K., Teoh S. K., Lukas S. E., Phipps W., Ellingboe J., Palmieri S. L., Schiff I. Human studies on the biological basis of reinforcement. A neuroendocrine perspective O'Brien C. P., Jaffe J. H. Addictive states. 1992;131-155 Raven Press, Ltd, New York.
141. Mendelson J. H., Teoh S. K., Mello N. K., Ellingboe J. Buprenorphine attenuates the effects of cocaine on adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH) secretion and mood states in man. Neuropsychopharmacology l. 7:1992;157-162.
142. Mendelson J. H., Teoh S. K., Mello N. K., Ellingboe J., Rhoades E. Acute effects of cocaine on plasma ACTH, luteinizing hormone and prolactin levels in cocaine-dependent men. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 263:1992;505-509.
143. Mershon J. L., Sehlhorst C. S., Rebar R. W., Liu J. H. Evidence of a corticotropin-releasing hormone pulse generator in the macaque hypothalamus. Endocrinology. 130:1992;2991-2996.
144. 3H) cocaine in acutely and chronically treated monkeys. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2:1977;261-271.
145. Moldow R. I., Fischman A. K. Cocaine induced secretion of ACTH, beta-endorphin and corticosterone. Peptides. 8:1987;819-822.
146. Neill J. D., Frawley L. S., Plotsky P. M., Tindall G. I. Dopamine in hypophysial stalk blood of the rhesus monkey and its role in regulating prolactin secretion. Endocrinology. 108:1981;489-494.
147. Nicoll C. S. Physiological actions of prolactin. Greep R., Astwood E. B., Knobil E., Sawyer W. H., Geiger S. R. Handbook of physiology. 1974;253-292 American Physiological Society, Section 7, vol. IV. Washington, DC.
148. Nippoldt T. B., Reame N. E., Kelch R. P., Marshall J. C. The roles of estradiol and progesterone in decreasing luteinizing hormone pulse frequency in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 69:1989;67-76.
149. Norman R. L., Quadri S. K., Spies H. G. Differential sensitivity of prolactin release to dopamine and thyrotrophin-releasing hormone in intact and pituitary stalk-sectioned rhesus monkeys. J. Endocrinol. 84:1980;479-487.
150. Olster D. H., Ferin N. Corticotropin-releasing hormone inhibits gonadotropin secretion in the ovariectomized rhesus monkey. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 65:1987;262-267.
151. Parsons L. H., Smith A. D., Justice J. B. Basal extracellular dopamine is decreased in the rat nucleus accumbens during abstinence from chronic cocaine. Synapse. 9:1991;60-65.
152. Pavasuthipaisit K., Hess D. L., Norman R. L., Adams T. E., Baughman W. L., Spies H. G. Dopamine. Effects on prolactin and luteinizing hormone secretion in ovariectomized rhesus macaques after transection of the pituitary stalk Neuroendocrinology. 32:1981;42-49.
153. Pequegnat W., Garrick N., Stover E. Neuroscience findings in AIDS. A review by the National Institute of Mental Health Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry. 16:1992;145-170.
154. Petraglia F., Sutton S., Vale W., Plotsky P. Corticotropin-releasing factor decreases plasma LH levels in female rats by inhibiting gonadotropin-releasing hormone release into hypophysial-portal circulation. Endocrinology. 120:1987;1083-1088.
155. Pillai R., Nair B. S., Watson R. R. AIDS, drugs of abuse and the immune system. A complex immunotoxicological network Arch. Toxicol. 65:1991;609-617.
156. Pilotte N. S., Sharpe L. G., Dax E. M. Multiple, but not acute, infusions of cocaine alter the release of prolactin in male rats. Brain Res. 512:1990;107-112.
157. Plessinger M., Woods J. J. The cardiovascular effects of cocaine use in pregnancy. Reprod. Toxicol. 5:1991;99-113.
158. Ramirez Z. D., Beyer C. The ovarian follicle of the rabbit. Its neuroendocrine control Knobil E., Neill J., Ewing L. L., Greenwald G. S., Markert C. L., Pfaff D. W. The physiology of reproduction. 1988;1873-1892 Raven Press, New York.
159. Rasmussen D. D., Liu J. H., Wolf P. L., Yen S. S. C. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurosecretion in the human hypothalamus. In vitro regulation by dopamine J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 62:1986;479-483.
160. Raum W. J., McGivern R. F., Peterson M. A., Shryne J. H., Gorski R. A. Prenatal inhibition of hypothalamic sex steroid uptake by cocaine. Effects on neurobehavioral sexual differentiation in male rats Brain Res. Dev. Brain Res. 53:1990;230-236.
161. Ravitz A. M., Moore K. E. Effects of amphetamine, methylphenidate and cocaine on serum prolactin concentrations in the male rat. Life Sci. 21:1977;267-272.
162. Rawson R. A., Obert J. L., McCann M. J., Castro F. G., Ling W. Cocaine abuse treatment. A review of current strategies J. Substance Abuse. 3:1991;457-491.
163. Reichlin S. Neuroendocrine-endocrine-immune interactions. N. Engl. J. Med. 329:1993;1246-1253.
164. Reid R. L., Quigley M. E., Yen S. S. C. The disappearance of opioidergic regulation of gonadotropin secretion in post-menopausal women. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 57:1983;1107-1110.
165. 2a/2c) receptors. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 271:1994;1847-1855.
166. Rittmaster R. S., Cutler G. B., Sobel D. O., Goldstein D. S., Koppelman M. C. S., Loriaux D. L., Chrousos G. P. Morphine inhibits the pituitary-adrenal response to ovine corticotropin-releasing hormone in normal subjects. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 60:1985;891-895.
167. Ritz M. C., Cone E., Kuhar M. J. Cocaine inhibition of ligand binding at dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin transporters. A structure-activity study Life Sci. 46:1990;635-645.
168. Ritz M. C., Lamb R. J., Goldberg S. R., Kuhar M. J. Cocaine receptors on dopamine transporters are related to self-administration of cocaine. Science. 237:1987;1219-1223.
169. Rivier C., Lee S. Stimulatory effect of cocaine on ACTH secretion. Role of the hypothalamus Mol. Cell. Neurosci. 5:1994;189-195.
170. Rivier C., Vale W. Cocaine stimulates adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) secretion through a corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF)-mediated mechanism. Brain Res. 422:1987;403-406.
171. Roberts D. C. S., Loh E. A., Vickers G. Self-administration of cocaine on a progressive ratio schedule in rats. Dose-response relationship and effect of haloperidol pretreatment Psychopharmacology. 97:1989;535-538.
172. Rodriguez M. C., Sanchez-Yague J., Paniagua R. Effects of cocaine on testicular structure in the rat. Reprod. Toxicol. 6:1992;51-55.
173. Ropert J. F., Quigley M. E., Yen S. S. C. The dopaminergic inhibition of LH secretion during the menstrual cycle. Life Sci. 34:2067;1984.
174. Ross G. T. Disorders of the ovary and female reproductive tract. Wilson J. D., Foster D. W. Williams textbook of endocrinology. 7:1985;206-258 W. B. Saunders Co, Philadelphia, PA.
175. Santoro N., Filicori M., Crowley J. Hypogonadotropic disorders in men and women. Diagnosis and therapy with pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone Endocr. Rev. 7:1986;11-23.
176. Santoro N., Wierman M. E., Filicori M. Intravenous administration of pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone in hypothalamic amenorrhea. Effects of dosage J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 62:1986;109-116.
177. Saphier D., Welch J. E., Farrar G. E., Goeder N. E. Effects of intracerebroventricular and intrahypothalamic cocaine administration on adrenocortical secretion. Neuroendocrinology. 57:1993;54-62.
178. 3H] dopamine by the median eminence. Evidence for presynaptic dopaminergic receptors and for dopaminergic feedback inhibition Neuroscience. 10:1983;821-830.
179. Sarnyai Z., Bíro É, Gardi J., Vecsernyés M., Julesz J., Telegdy G. Alterations of corticotropin-releasing factor-like immunoreactivity in different brain regions after acute cocaine administration in rats. Brain Res. 616:1993;315-319.
180. Sarnyai Z., Bíro É, Penke B., Telegdy G. The cocaine-induced elevation of plasma corticosterone is mediated by endogenous corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) in rats. Brain Res. 589:1992;154-156.
181. Sarnyai Z., Höhn J., Szabó G., Penke B. Critical role of endogenous corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) in the mediation of the behavioral action of cocaine in rats. Life Sci. 51:1992;2019-2024.
182. Sarnyai Z., Kovacs G. L. Role of oxytocin in the neuroadaptation to drugs of abuse. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 19:1994;85-117.
183. Sarnyai Z., Mello N. K., Mendelson J. H., Erös-Sarnyai M., Mercer G. Effects of cocaine on pulsatile activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in male rhesus monkeys. Neuroendocrine and behavioral correlates J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 277:1996;225-234.
184. Sarnyai Z., Mello N. K., Mendelson J. H., Nguyen P., Erös-Sarnyai M. Effects of cocaine and corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) on pulsatile ACTH and cortisol release in ovariectomized rhesus monkeys. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 80:1995;2745-2751.
185. Sarnyai Z., Veldhuis J. D., Mello N. K., Mendelson J. H., Erös-Sarnyai M., Mercer G., Gelles H., Kelly M. The concordance of pulsatile ultradian release of ACTH and cortisol in male rhesus monkeys. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 80:1995;54-59.
186. Satel S. L., Price L. H., Palumbo J. M., McDougle C. J., Krystal J. H., Gawin F., Charney D. S., Heninger G. R., Kleber H. D. Clinical phenomenology and neurobiology of cocaine abstinence. A prospective inpatient study Am. J. Psychiatry. 148:1991;1712-1716.
187. Sauder S. E., Frager M., Case G. D., Kelch R. P., Marshall J. C. Abnormal patterns of pulsatile luteinizing hormone secretion in women with hyperprolactinemia and amenorrhea. Responses to bromocriptine J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 59:1984;941-948.
188. Schoenbaum E. E., Hartel D., Selwyn P. A., Klein R. S., Davenny K., Rogers M., Feiner C., Friedland G. Risk factors for human immunodeficiency virus infection in intravenous drug users. N. Engl. J. Med. 321:1989;874-879.
189. Schottenfeld R. S., Pakes J., Ziedonis D., Kosten T. R. Buprenorphine. Dose-related effects on cocaine and opioid use in cocaine-abusing opioid-dependent humans Biol. Psychiatry. 3:1993;66-74.
190. Serri O., Kuchel O., Buu N. T., Somma M. Differential effects of a low dose dopamine infusion on prolactin secretion in normal and hyperprolactinemic subjects. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 56:1983;255-259.
191. Siegel R. K. Cocaine and sexual dysfunction. The curse of mama coca J. Psychoactive Drugs. 14:1982;71.
192. Skjoldager P., Winger G., Woods J. H. Effects of GBR 12909 and cocaine on cocaine-maintained behavior in rhesus monkeys. Drug Alcohol Depend. 33:1993;31-39.
193. Smith C. G., Smith M. T. Substance abuse and reproduction. Semin. Reprod. Endocrinol. 8:1990;55-64.
194. Smith D. E., Wesson D. R., Apter-Marsh M. Cocaine- and alcohol-induced sexual dysfunction in patients with addictive disease. J. Psychoactive Drugs. 16:1984;359-361.
195. Soudeyns H., Geleziunas R., Shyamala G., Hiscott J., Weinberg M. A. Identification of a novel glucocorticoid response element within the genome of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Virology. 194:1993;758-768.
196. Soules M. R., Clifton D., Bremner W., Steiner R. Corpus luteum insufficiency induced by a rapid gonadotropin-releasing hormone-induced gonadotropin secretion pattern in the follicular phase. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 65:1987;457-464.
197. Soules M. R., McLachlan R. I., Ek M., Dahl K. D., Cohen N. L., Bremner W. J. Luteal phase deficiency. Characterization of reproductive hormones over the menstrual cycle J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 69:1989;804-812.
198. Soules M. R., Steiner R. A., Clifton D. K., Cohen N. L., Aksel S., Bremner W. J. Progesterone modulation of pulsatile luteinizing hormone secretion in normal women. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 58:1984;378.
199. 2 dopamine receptors in the behavioral effects of cocaine. Neurochem. Int. 20:1992;147S-152S.
200. Spies H. G., Quadri S. K., Chappel S. C., Norman R. L. Dopaminergic and opioid compounds. Effects on prolactin and LH release after electrical stimulation of the hypothalamus in ovariectomized rhesus monkeys Neuroendocrinology. 30:1980;249-256.
201. Steel E., Haverkos H. W. Epidemiologic studies on HIV/AIDS and drug abuse. Am. J. Drug Alcohol Abuse. 18:1992;167-175.
202. Steger R. W., Silverman A. Y., Johns A., Asch R. H. Interactions of cocaine and delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol with the hypothalamic-hypophysial axis of the female rat. Fertil. Steril. 35:1981;567-572.
203. Stouffer R. L. Corpus luteum function and dysfunction. Clin. Obstet. Gynecol. 33:1990;668-689.
204. Swartz C. M., Breen K., Leone F. Serum prolactin levels during extended cocaine abstinence. Am. J. Psychiatry. 147:1990;777-779.
205. Teoh S. K., Lex B. W., Mendelson J. H., Mello N. K., Cochin J. Hyperprolactinemia and macrocytosis in women with alcohol and polysubstance dependence. J. Stud. Alcohol. 53:1992;176-182.
206. Teoh S. K., Mello N. K., Mendelson J. H. Effects of drugs of abuse on reproductive function in women and pregnancy. Watson R. Addictive behaviors in women. 1994;437-473 Humana Press, Totowa, NJ.
207. Teoh S. K., Mello N. K., Mendelson J. H., Kuehnle J., Gastfriend D. R., Rhoades E., Sholar J. W. Buprenorphine effects on morphine- and cocaine-induced subjective responses by drug-dependent men. J. Clin. Psychopharmacol. 14:1994;15-27.
208. Teoh S. K., Mendelson J. H., Mello N. K., Kuehnle J., Sintavanarong P., Rhoades E. M. Acute interactions of buprenorphine with intravenous cocaine and morphine. An IND Phase I safety evaluation J. Clin. Psychopharmacol. 13:1993;87-99.
209. Teoh S. K., Mendelson J. H., Mello N. K., Weiss R., McElroy S., McAfee B. Hyperprolactinemia and risk for relapse of cocaine abuse. Biol. Psychiatry. 28:1990;824-828.
210. Teoh, S. K.; Mendelson, J. H.; Mello, N. K.; Woods, B. T.; Springer, S. A.: Pituitary gland volume in cocaine dependent women, submitted.
211. Teoh S. K., Mendelson J. H., Woods B. T., Mello N. K., Hallgring E., Anfinsen P., Douglas A., Mercer G. Pituitary volume in men with concurrent heroin and cocaine dependence. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 76:1993;1529-1532.
212. Teoh S. K., Sarnyai Z., Mendelson J. H., Mello N. K., Springer S. A., Sholar J. W., Wapler M., Gelles H. Cocaine effects on pulsatile secretion of ACTH in men. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 270:1994;1134-1138.
213. Terasawa E., Krook C., Hei D. L., Gearing M., Schultz N. J., Davis G. A. Norepinephrine is a possible neurotransmitter stimulating pulsatile release of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone in the rhesus monkey. Endocrinology. 123:1988;1808-1816.
214. Torres G., Rivier C. Cocaine-induced stimulation of the rat hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis is progressively attenuated following hourly-interval regimens of the drug. Life Sci. 51:1992;1041-1048.
215. Torres G., Rivier C. Differential effects of intermittent or continuous exposure to cocaine on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and c-fos expression. Brain Res. 571:1992;204-211.
216. Torres G., Rivier C. Cocaine-induced ACTH secretion. Dependence of plasma levels of the drug and mode of exposure Brain Res. Bull. 29:1992;51-56.
217. Tsagarakis S., Navara P., Rees L. H., Besser M., Grossman A. Morphine directly modulates the release of stimulated corticotrophin-releasing factor-41 from rat hypothalamus in vitro. Endocrinology. 124:1989;2330-2335.
218. Tutton C. S., Crayton J. W. Current pharmacotherapies for cocaine abuse. A review J. Addict. Dis. 12:1993;109-127.
219. Van de Kar L. D. Neuroendocrine pharmacology of serotonergic (5-HT) neurons. Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 31:1991;269-320.
220. Van de Kar L. D., Bonadonna A. M., Rittenhouse P. A., Kerr J. E., Levy A. D., Iyer L., Herbert G. B., Alvarez Sanz M., Lent S., Carnes M. Prior chronic exposure to cocaine inhibits the serotonergic stimulation of ACTH and secretion of corticosterone. Neuropharmacology. 31:1992;169-175.
221. Van Dyke C., Byck R. Cocaine use in man. Mello N. K. Advances in substance abuse, behavioral and biological research. 1983;1-24 JAI Press, Greenwich, CT.
222. Vanover K. E., Nader M. A., Woolverton W. L. Evaluation of the discriminative stimulus and reinforcing effects of sertraline in rhesus monkeys. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 41:1992;789-793.
223. Van Vugt, D. A.; Lam, N. Y.; Ferin, M.: Reduced frequency of pulsatile luteinizing hormone secretion in the luteal phase of the rhesus monkey. Involvement of endogenous opiates. Endocrinology 1095-1101; 1984.
224. Veldhuis J. D. The hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis. Yen S. S. C., Jaffe R. B. Reproductive endocrinology. 1991;409-459 W. B. Saunders, Philadelphia.
225. Veldhuis J. D., Beltins I. Z., Johnson M. L., Serabian M. A., Dufau M. B. Biologically active luteinizing hormone is secreted in episodic pulsations that vary in relation to stage of the menstrual cycle. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 58:1984;1050-1058.
226. Veldhuis J. D., Iranmanesh A., Johnson M. L., Lizarralde G. Amplitude, but not frequency, modulation of adrenocorticotropin secretory bursts gives rise to the nyctohemeral rhythm of the corticotropic axis in man. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 71:1990;452-463.
227. Veldhuis J. D., Johnson M. L. Cluster analysis. A simple, versatile and robust algorithm for endocrine pulse detection Am. J. Physiol. 250:1986;E486-E493.
228. Veldhuis J. D., Johnson M. L. Operating characteristics of the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis in men. Circadian, ultradian, and pulsatile release of prolactin and its temporal coupling with luteinizing hormone J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 67:1988;116-123.
229. Veldhuis J. D., Johnson M. L. Deconvolution analysis of hormone data. Methods Enzymol. 210:1992;539-575.
230. Vescovi P. P., Coiro V., Volpi R., Passeri M. Diurnal variations in plasma ACTH, cortisol and beta-endorphin levels in cocaine addicts. Horm. Res. 37:1992;221-224.
231. Vijayan E., McCann S. Re-evaluation of the role of catecholamines in control of gonadotropin and prolactin release. Neuroendocrinology. 25:1978;150-165.
232. 2 receptor availability is associated with reduced frontal metabolism in cocaine abusers. Synapse. 14:1993;169-177.
233. Warren M. P. Amenorrhea in endurance runners (Clinical Review 40). J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 75:1992;1393-1397.
234. 1 dopamine agonist SKF 81297 in rhesus monkeys. Psychopharmacology. 113:1993;51-52.
235. 1 receptor agonists in rhesus monkeys. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 275:1995;1367-1374.
236. Weiss R. D., Hufford C., Mendelson J. H. Serum prolactin levels and treatment outcome in cocaine dependence. Biol. Psychiatry. 35:1994;573-574.
237. Wilkins J. N., Gorelick D. A., Nademanee K., Taylor A., Herzberg D. S. Hypothalamic-pituitary function during alcohol exposure and withdrawal and cocaine exposure. Galanter M. Recent development in alcoholism. Alcohol and cocaine: Similarities and differences:1992;57-71 Plenum Press, New York.
238. Wilks J. W., Hodgen G. D., Ross G. T. Anovulatory menstrual cycles in rhesus monkeys. The significance of serum, follicle stimulating hormone/luteinizing hormone ratios Fertil. Steril. 28:1977;1094-1101.
239. Williams C. L., Nishihara M., Thalabard J.-C., Grosser P. M., Hotchkiss J., Knobil E. Corticotropin-releasing factor and gonadotropin hormone pulse generator activity in the rhesus monkey. Neuroendocrinology. 52:1990;133-137.
240. Wise R. A., Newton P., Leeb K., Burnette B., Pocock D., Justice J. Jr. Fluctuations in nucleus accumbens dopamine concentration during intravenous cocaine self-administration in rats. Psychopharmacology. 120:1995;10-20.
241. Woods J. H., Tassel R. E. Fenfluramine. Amphetamine congener that fails to maintain drug-taking behavior in the rhesus monkeys Science. 185:1974;1067-1069.
242. Woods J. R. Jr., Plessinger M. A., Clark K. E. Effect of cocaine on uterine blood flow and fetal oxygenation. JAMA. 257:1987;957-961.
243. Wyatt R. J., Karoum F., Suddath R., Fawcett R. Persistently decreased brain dopamine levels and cocaine. JAMA. 259:1988;2996.
244. Wyatt R. J., Karoum F., Suddath R., Hitri A. The role of dopamine in cocaine use and abuse. Psychiatr. Ann. 18:1988;531-534.
245. Xia L., Van Vugt D., Alston E. J., Luckhaus J., Ferin M. A surge of gonadotropin-releasing hormone accompanies the estradiol-induced gonadotropin surge in the rhesus monkey. Endocrinology. 131:1992;2812-2820.
246. Xiao E., Ferin M. The inhibitory action of corticotropin-releasing hormone on gonadotropin secretion in the ovariectomized rhesus monkey is not mediated by adrenocorticotropic hormone. Biol. Reprod. 38:1988;763-767.
247. Xiao E., Luckhaus J., Niemann W., Ferin M. Acute inhibition of gonadotropin secretion by corticotropin-releasing hormone in the primate. Are the adrenal glands involved? Endocrinology. 124:1989;1632-1637.
248. Yen S. S. C. Studies of the role of dopamine in the control of prolactin and gonadotropin secretion in humans. Fuxe K., Hokfelt T., Luft R. Central regulation of the endocrine system. 1979;387-416 Plenum Press, New York.
249. Yen S. S. C. Neuroendocrine control of hypophyseal function. Yen S. S. C., Jaffe R. B. Reproductive endocrinology. 1986;33-74 W. B. Saunders Co, Philadelphia.
250. Yen S. S. C. Prolactin in human reproduction. Yen S. S. C., Jaffe R. B. Reproductive endocrinology. 3:1991;357-388 W. B. Saunders Co, Philadelphia.
251. Yen S. S. C. Hypothalamic control of pituitary hormone secretion. Yen S. S. C., Jaffe R. B. Reproductive endocrinology. 3:1991;65-104 W. B. Saunders Co, Philadelphia.
252. Yen S. S. C. The human menstrual cycle. Neuroendocrine regulation Yen S. S. C., Jaffe R. B. Reproductive endocrinology. 3:1991;273-308 W. B. Saunders Co, Philadelphia.
253. Yen S. S. C., Martin P. L., Burnier A. M., Czekala N. M., Greaney M. O., Callantine M. R. Circulating estradiol, estrone and gonadotropin levels following the administration of orally active 17β-estradiol in postmenopausal women. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 40:1975;518-521.
254. Yen S. S. C., Quigley M. E., Reid R. L., Ropert J. F., Cetel N. S. Neuroendocrinology of opioid peptides and their role in the control of gonadotropin and prolactin secretion. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 152:1985;485-493.
255. Zeleznik A. J. Premature elevation of systemic estradiol reduces serum levels of FSH and lengthens the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle in rhesus monkeys. Endocrinology. 109:1981;352-355.