Treatment of anxiety disorders in late life

Canadian Journal of Psychiatry

Volumn 42, Issue SUPPL. 1, 1997, Pages

  Sadavoy, Joel ^a   LeClair, J Kenneth ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

^b MCMASTER UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTRE   (Canada)

Author keywords

Anxiety disorders; Assessment; Elderly; Management; Pharmacotherapy; Psychotherapy; Review

Indexed keywords

ALPRAZOLAM; ANTIDEPRESSANT AGENT; ANXIOLYTIC AGENT; BENZODIAZEPINE DERIVATIVE; BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; BUSPIRONE; LORAZEPAM; MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITOR; OXAZEPAM; PINDOLOL; PROPRANOLOL; SEROTONIN UPTAKE INHIBITOR; TRIAZOLAM;

ANXIETY NEUROSIS; ARTICLE; COMORBIDITY; COMPULSION; DEMENTIA; DEPRESSION; ELDERLY CARE; GERONTOPSYCHIATRY; HUMAN; OBSESSION; PANIC; PHOBIA; PSYCHIATRIC DIAGNOSIS; PSYCHOTHERAPY;

ADULT; AGED; ANTI-ANXIETY AGENTS; ANXIETY DISORDERS; COMBINED MODALITY THERAPY; COMORBIDITY; DEMENTIA; HUMANS; PSYCHIATRIC STATUS RATING SCALES;

EID: 0030790121     PISSN: 07067437     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (78)

1. American Psychiatric Association, Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 4th ed. Washington (DC): American Psychiatric Association: 1994.
2. Flint A. Epidemiology and comorbidity of anxiety disorders in the elderly. Am J Psychiatry 1994;151:640-9.
3. Eaton W, Kramer M, Anthony J, Dryman A, Shapiro S, Locke B. The incidence of specific DIS/DSM-IV mental disorders: data from the NIMH Epidemiologic Catchment Area program. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1989;77:163-78.
4. Thompson J, Burns B, Bartko J, Boyd J, Taube C, Bourdon M. The use of ambulatory services by persons with and without phobia. Med Care 1988;26:183-98.
5. Lindesay J. Phobic disorders in the elderly. Br J Psychiatry 1991;159:531-41.
6. Nakra B, Grossberg G. Management of anxiety in the elderly. Compr Ther 1986;12:53-60.
7. Hocking LB, Koenig HG. Anxiety in medically ill older patients: a review and update. Int J Psychiatry Med 1995;25:221-38.
8. Gilhooly M. The impact of caregiving on caregivers: factors associated with psychological well being of people supporting a demented relative in the community. Br J Psychiatry 1984;57:35-44.
9. LeClair JK. Behavioural disturbances and approach to assessment. Canadian Journal of Geriatrics 1991;7(5):39-55.
10. Weiss K. Management of anxiety and depression syndromes in the elderly. J Clin Psychiatry 1994:55(2 Suppl)5S-12S.
11. Swales P, Solfvin J, Sheikh J. Cognitive-behaviour therapy in older panic disorder patients. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 1996;4:46-60.
12. Zeichner A, Boczkowski J. Clinical application of biofeedback techniques for the elderly. Clinical Gerontologist 1986;5:457-73.
13. Handen B. Stress and stress management with the elderly. In: Wisocki P, editor. Handbook of clinical behaviour therapy with the elderly client. New York: Plenum; 1991. p 169-83.
14. Hussian RA. Geriatric psychology: a behavioural perspective. New York: Van Nostrand: 1982. p 170-5.
15. Scogin F, Rickard H, Keith S, Wilson J, McElreath. Progressive and imaginal relaxation training with elderly persons with subjective anxiety. Psychol Aging 1992;7:419-24.
16. Marks I. Behavioural psychotherapy for anxiety disorder. Psychiatr Clin North Am 1985;5:25-35.
17. Thomas R, Gafner G. PTSD in an elderly male: treatment with eye movement desensitization and reprocessing. Clinical Gerontologist 1993;14:57-9.
18. Young RC, Meyers BS. Psychopharmacology. In: Sadavoy J, Lazarus L, Jarvik L, Grossberg G, editors. Comprehensive review of geriatric psychiatry - II. 2nd ed. Washington (DC): American Psychiatric Press: 1996. p 755-817.
19. Salzman C. Clinical geriatric psychopharmacology. 2nd ed. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins; 1992.
20. Fernandez F, Levy J. Use of benzodiazepines in the medically ill. In: Roy-Byrne P. Cowley D. editors. Benzodiazepines in clinical practice: risks and benefits. Washington (DC): American Psychiatric Press; 1991. p 21-32.
21. Schweizer E, Case W, Rickels K. Benzodiazepine dependence and withdrawal in elderly patients. Am J Psychiatry 1989;146:1242-3.
22. Schweizer E, Rickels K, Case W, Greenblatt D. Long-term therapeutic use of benzodiazepines: effects of gradual taper. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1990;47:908-15.
23. Pinsker H, Suljaga-Petchel. Use of benzodiazepines in primary care geriatric patients. J Am Geriatr Soc 1984;32:595-8.
24. Kales A, Manfredi R, Vgontzas A, Bixler E, Vela-Bueno A, Fee E. Rebound insomnia after only brief and intermittent use of rapidly eliminated benzodiazepines. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1991;49:468-76.
25. Cohen S. Phobic disorders and benzodiazepines in the elderly [letter]. Br J Psychiatry 1992;160:135.
26. Patterson J. Triazolam syndrome in the elderly. South Med J 1987;80:1425-6.
27. Goldberg H, Finnerty R. The comparative efficacy of buspirone and diazepam in the treatment of anxiety. Am J Psychiatry 1979;136:1184-5.
28. Bohm C, Robinson D, Gammans R, Shrotriya R, Alms D, Leroy A, and others. Buspirone therapy in anxious elderly patients: a controlled trial. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1991;10(3 Suppl):47S-51S.
29. Baughman O. The safety record of buspirone in generalized anxiety disorder. J Clin Psychiatry Monograph 1994;12:37-43.
30. Steinberg J. Prescription drug impairment in the elderly. Drug Ther 1990;(Aug Suppl):83S-100S.
31. Mattila M, Aranko K, Seppala T. Acute effects of buspirone and alcohol on psychomotor skills. J Clin Psychiatry 1982;43:56-60.
32. Lader M. Psychosocial effects of buspirone. J Clin Psychiatry 1982;43:62-7.
33. Lader M. Assessing the potential for buspirone dependence or abuse and effects of its withdrawal. Am J Med 1987;82:20-3.
34. Robinson D, Napoliello M, Schenk J. The safety and usefulness of buspirone as an anxiolytic drug in elderly versus young patients. Clin Ther 1988;10:740-6.
35. Steinberg J. Anxiety in elderly patients. Drugs Aging 1994;5:335-45.
36. Greendyke R, Kanter D, Schuster D, and others. Propranolol treatment of assaultive patients with organic brain disease: a double blind cross-over, placebo-controlled study. J Nerv Ment Dis 1986;174:290-4.
37. Sheikh J. Anxiety disorders. In: Sadavoy J, Lazarus L, Jarvik L, Grossberg G, editors. Comprehensive review of geriatric psychiatry. 2nd ed. Washington (DC): American Psychiatric Press; 1990. p 615-36.
38. Blier P, Bergeron R. Effectiveness of pindolol with selected anti-depressant drugs in the treatment of major depression. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1995;15:217-22.
39. Tariot PN, Blazina L. Handbook of dementia illness. New York: Marcel Dekker; 1993.
40. Lemke MR. Effect of carbamazepine on agitation in Alzheimer's inpatients; refractory to neuroleptics. J Clin Psychiatry 1995;56:354-7.
41. Salzman C. Treatment of agitation in the elderly. In: Meltzer H, editor. Psychopharmacology: the third generation of progress. New York: Raven; 1987. p 1167-76.
42. Cowley D, Roy-Byrne P. Benzodiazepines: pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. In: Roy-Byrne P, Cowley D, editors. Benzodiazepines in clinical practice: risks and benefits. Washington (DC): American Psychiatric Press; 1991.
43. Raj A, Corvea M, Dagon E. The clinical characteristics of panic disorder in the elderly: a retrospective study. J Clin Psychiatry 1993;54:150-5.
44. Ohrstrom J, Judge K, Manniche P, and others. Paroxetine in the treatment of panic disorder. Proceedings of the annual scientific meeting of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology; San Juan, Puerto Rico; December 1992.
45. Schneier F, Liebowitz M, Davies S, Fairbanks J, Hollander E, Campeas R, and others. Fluoxetine in panic disorder. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1990;10:119-21.
46. Jackson C. Obsessive-compulsive disorder in elderly patients. Drugs Aging 1995;7:438-48.
47. Austin L, Lydiard R, Fossey M, Zealberg J, Laraia M, Ballenger J. Panic and phobic disorders in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Clin Psychiatry 1990;51:456-8.
48. Helzer J, Pryzbek T. The co-occurrence of alcoholism with other psychiatric disorders in the general population and its impact on treatment. J Stud Alcohol 1988;49:219-24.
49. Bajulaiye R, Addonizio G. Obsessive-compulsive disorder arising in one 75-year old woman. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 1992;7:139-42.
50. Austin L, Zealberg J, Lydiard R. Three cases of pharmacotherapy of obsessive-compulsive disorder in the elderly. J Nerv Ment Dis 1991;179:634-5.
51. Zajecka J, Fawcett S, Guy C. Coexisting major depression and obsessive-compulsive disorder treated with venlafaxine. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1990;10:152-3.
52. Weiner M, White M. The use of a self-psychology approach in treating a compulsive 84-year old man. Clinical Gerontology 1985;3:64-7.
53. Rowan V, Holborn S, Walker J, Siddiqui A. A rapid multi-component treatment for an obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 1984;15:347-52.
54. Calamari J. Treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder in the elderly: a revìew and case example. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 1994;25:95-104.
55. Casey D, Davis MH. Obsessive-compulsive disorder responsive to electroconvulsive therapy in an elderly woman. South Med J 1994;87:862-4.
56. Marriott P, Smith R. The elderly agoraphobic: a hidden problem. Aust Fam Physician 1993;22:2036-45.
57. Kuch K, Cox B. Symptoms of PTSD in 124 survivors of Holocaust. Am J Psychiatry 1992;149:337-40.
58. Rapaport S, Rapaport J, Durst R. The late effects of Nazi persecution among elderly Holocaust survivors. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1990;82:311-5.
59. Kulka R, Schienger W, Fairbank J, Hough R, Jordan K, Marmar C, and others. Trauma and the Vietnam War generation: report of findings from the National Vietnam Veterans Readjustment Study. New York: Brunner/Mazel; 1990.
60. Christenson R, Walker J, Ross D, Maltbie A. Reactivation of traumatic conflicts. Am J Psychiatry 1981;138:984-5.
61. Hamilton J. Unusual long-term sequelae of a traumatic war experience. Bull Menninger Clin 1982;46:539-41.
62. Pomerantz A. Delayed onset of post-traumatic stress disorder: delayed recognition or latent disorder? [letter]. Am J Psychiatry 1991;148:1609.
63. Richmond J, Beck J. Post-traumatic stress disorder in a World War II veteran [letter]. Am J Psychiatry 1986;143:1485-6.
64. Van Dyke C, Zilberg M, McKinnon J. Post-traumatic stress disorder: a thirty year delay in a World War II veteran. Am J Psychiatry 1985;142:1070-3.
65. Solomon S, Prager E, Elderly Israeli Holocaust survivors during the Persian Gulf War: a study of psychological distress. Am J Psychiatry 1992;149:1707-10.
66. Dasberg H, Robinson S. The impact of the Demjaniuk trial on the psychotherapeutic process. Israel Journal of Medicine and the Law 1991;10:395-9.
67. Robinson S, Hemmendinger J, Netanel R, Rapaport M, Zilberman L, Gal A. Retraumatization of Holocaust survivors during the Gulf War and SCUD missile attacks on Israel. Br J Med Psychol 1994;67:353-62.
68. Mejo SL. Post traumatic stress disorder: an overview of three etiological variables and psychopharmacologic treatment. Nurse Pract 1990;15(8):41-5.
69. Baider L, Peretz T, Kaplan de-Nour A. Effect of the Holocaust on coping with cancer. Soc Sci Med 1992;43:11-5.
70. Davidson J. Drug therapy of post-traumatic stress disorder. Br J Psychiatry 1992;160:309-14.
71. Davidson J, Roth S, Newman E. Treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder with fluoxetine. J Trauma Stress 1991;4:419-23.
72. Silver J, Sandberg D, Hales P. New approaches in the pharmacotherapy of post traumatic stress disorder. J Clin Psychiatry 1990;51(10 Suppl):33S-38S.
73. Keck P, McElroy M, Friedman L. Valproate and carbamazepine in the treatment of panic and post-traumatic stress disorder, withdrawal states, and behavioural dyscontrol syndromes. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1992;12:365-415.
74. Lazarus L, Sadavoy J. Individual psychotherapy. In: Sadavoy J, Lazarus J, Jarvik L, Grossberg G, editors. Comprehensive review of geriatric psychiatry-II. 2nd ed. Washington (DC): American Psychiatric Press; 1996. p 819-50.
75. Boehlein J, Sparr LF. Group therapy with WWII ex-POW's: long term post-traumatic adjustment in a geriatric population. Am J Psychother 1993;47:273-82.
76. Ginsberg-McEwan E. The whole grandfather: an intergenerational approach to family therapy. In: Sadavoy J, Leszcz M, editors. Treating the elderly with psychotherapy. Madison: International Universities Press; 1987. p 295-324.
77. Brom D, Kleber R, Defares P. Brief psychotherapy for post-traumatic stress disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol 1989;57:607-12.
78. Sadavoy J, Survivors: a review of the late effects of prior psychological trauma. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. Forthcoming.