Cardiorespiratory response to exercise in elite sherpa climbers transferred to sea level

Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise

Volumn 29, Issue 7, 1997, Pages 937-942

  Garrido, Eduardo ^a,b   Rodas, Gil ^a   Javierre, Casimiro ^a   Segura, Ramon ^a   Estruch, Assumpcio ^a   Ventura, Josep L ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BARCELONA   (Spain)

^b CEARE   (Spain)

Author keywords

Altitude; Anaerobic threshold; Heart rate; Highlanders; Hypoxia; Oxygen uptake

Indexed keywords

ALTITUDE; ARTICLE; BLOOD GAS; CONTROLLED STUDY; ELECTROCARDIOGRAM; EXERCISE; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; HYPOXIA; MOUNTAINEERING; NORMAL HUMAN; OXYGEN CONSUMPTION;

ADULT; ALTITUDE; ANAEROBIC THRESHOLD; ANOXIA; BLOOD GAS ANALYSIS; ETHNIC GROUPS; EXERCISE; HEART RATE; HUMANS; MALE; MOUNTAINEERING; OXYGEN CONSUMPTION; PHYSICAL ENDURANCE;

EID: 0030785586     PISSN: 01959131     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00005768-199707000-00013     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. ANTEZANA, A. M., R. KACIMI, J. L. LE TRONG, et al. Adrenergic status of humans during prolonged exposure to the altitude of 6542 m. J. Appl. Physiol. 76:1055-1059, 1994.
2. ANTEZANA, A. M., J. P. RICHALET, G. ANTEZANA, H. SPIELVOGEL, and R. KACIMI. Adrenergic system in high altitude residents. Int. J. Sports Med. 13:96-100, 1992.
3. BEAVER, W. L., K. WASSERMAN, and B. J. WHIPP. A new method for detecting the anaerobic threshold by gas exchange. J. Appl. Physiol. 60:2020-2027, 1986.
4. BRUCE, R. A., F. KUSUMI, and D. HOSMER. Maximal oxygen intake and nomographic assessment of functional aerobic impairment in cardiovascular disease. Am. Heart J. 85:546-562, 1973.
5. CERRETELLI, P. Gas exchange at high altitude. In: Pulmonary Gas Exchange, J. B. West (Ed.). New York: Academic Press, pp. 97-147, 1980.
6. CYMERMAN, A., J. T. REEVES, J. R. SUTTON, et al. Operation Everest II: maximal oxygen uptake at extreme altitude. J. Appl. Physiol. 66:2446-2453, 1989.
7. DURNIN, J. V. G. A. and J. WOMERSLEY. Body fat assessed from total body density and its estimation from skinfold thickness measurements on 481 men and women aged from 16 to 72 years. Br. J. Nutr. 32:77-97, 1974.
8. FERRETTI, G., U. BOUTELLIER, D. R. PENDERGAST, et al. Oxygen transport system before and after exposure to chronic hypoxia. Int. J. Sports Med. 11:15-20, 1990.
9. GREEN, H. J., R. L. HUGHSON, G. W. ORR, and D. A. RANNEY. Anaerobic threshold, blood lactate and muscle metabolites in progressive exercise. J. Appl. Physiol. 54:1032-1038, 1983.
10. GROVES, B. M., T. DROMA, J. R. SUTTON, et al. Minimal hypoxic pulmonary hypertension in normal Tibetans at 3658 m. J. Appl. Physiol. 74:312-318, 1993.
11. HARTLEY, L. H., J. A. VOGEL, and J. C. CRUZ. Reduction of maximal exercise heart rate at altitude and its reversal with atropine. J. Appl. Physiol. 36:362-365, 1974.
12. HOCHACHKA, P. W. Muscle enzymatic composition and metabolic regulation in high altitude adapted natives. Int. J. Sports Med. 13:89-91, 1992.
13. HOCHACHKA, P. W., C. STANLEY, G. O. MATHESON, D. C. MCKENZIE, P. S. ALLEN, and W. S. PARKHOUSE. Metabolic and work efficiencies during exercise in Andean natives. J. Appl. Physiol. 70:1720-1730, 1991.
14. HOCHACHKA, P. W., C. STANLEY, D. C. MCKENZIE, A. VILLENA, and C. MONGE. Enzyme mechanism for pyruvate-to-lactate flux attenuation: a study of Sherpas, Quechuas, and hummingbirds. Int. J. Sports Med. 13:119-122, 1992.
15. HURTADO, A. Animals in high altitudes: resident man. In: Handbook of Physiology, D. B. Dill (Ed.). Washington, DC: American Physiological Society, pp. 843-860, 1964.
16. KACIMI, R. J., J. P. RICHALET, and B. CROZATIER. Hypoxia-induced differential modulation of adenosinergic and muscarinic receptors in rat heart. J. Appl. Physiol. 75:1123-1128, 1993.
17. KAYSER, B., H. HOPPELER, H. CLAASSEN, and P. CERRETELLI. Muscle structure and performance capacity of Himalayan Sherpas. J. Appl. Physiol. 70:1938-1942, 1991.
18. KAYSER, B., C. MARCONI, T. AMATYA, et al. The metabolic and ventilatory response to exercise in Tibetans born at low altitude. Respir. Physiol. 98:15-26, 1994.
19. LAHIRI, S. and J. S. MILLEDGE. Sherpa physiology. Nature 207: 610-612, 1965.
20. LAHIRI, S. and J. S. MILLEDGE. Acid-base in Sherpa altitude residents and lowlanders at 4880 m. Respir. Physiol. 2:323-334, 1967.
21. LAHIRI, S., J. S. MILLEDGE, H. P. CHATTOPADHYAY, A. K. BHATTACHARYYA, and A. K. SINHA. Respiration and heart rate of Sherpa Highlanders during exercise. J. Appl. Physiol. 23:545-554, 1967.
22. LOAT, C. E. R. and E. C. RHODES. Relationship between the lactate and ventilatory thresholds during prolonged exercise. Sports Med. 15:104-115, 1993.
23. MOORE, L. G., L. CURRAN-EVERETT, T. S. DROMA, et al. Are Tibetans better adapted? Int. J. Sports Med. 13:86-88, 1992.
24. NIERMEYER, S., P. YANG, SHAMNINA, DROLKAR, J. ZHUANG, and L. G. MOORE. Arterial oxygen saturation in Tibetan and Man infants born in Lhasa, Tibet. N. Engl. J. Med. 333:1248-1252, 1995.
25. OELZ, O., H. HOWALD, P. E. DIPRAMPERO, et al. Physiological profile of world-class high-altitude climbers. J. Appl. Physiol. 60:1734-1742, 1986.
26. PANTER-BRICK, C. The energy cost of common task in rural Nepal: levels of energy expenditure compatible with sustained physical activity. Eur. J. Appl. Phvsiol. 64:477-484, 1992.
27. PUGH, L. G. C. E., M. B. GILL, S. LAHIRI, J. S. MILLEDGE, M. P. WARD, and J. B. WEST. Muscular exercise at great altitudes. J. Appl. Physiol. 19:431-440, 1964.
28. RICHALET, J. P. The heart and adrenergic system in hypoxia. In: Hypoxia. The Adaptations, J. R. Sutton, G. Coates, and J. E. Remmers (Eds.). Toronto: B. C. Dekker Inc., pp. 231-240, 1990.
29. RICHALET, J. P., A. KEROMES, B. DERSCH, et al. Caractéristiques physiologiques des alpinistes de haute altitude. Sci. Sports (Paris) 3:89-108, 1988.
30. Ross, W. D., S. R. BROWN, M. HEBBELINCK, and R. A. FAULKNER. Kinanthropometry terminology and landmarks. In: Physical Fitness Assessment, E. Shepard, and H. Lavallée (Eds.). Springfield, IL: Charles C Thomas, pp. 44-50, 1978.
31. SAHA, H. Studies on the oxygen uptake and efficiency of climbing of Tensing Norgay and other subjects. Q. J. Exp. Phvsiol. 43:295-299, 1958.
32. SKINNER, J. S. and T. H. MCLELLAN. The transition from aerobic to anaerobic metabolism. Res. Quart. Exerc. Sport 51:234-248, 1980.
33. SLOAN, A. W. and M. MASALI. Anthropometry of Sherpa men. Ann. Hum. Biol. 5:453-458, 1978.
34. SUN, S. F., T. S. DROMA, J. G. ZHANG, et al. Greater maximal O2 uptakes and vital capacities in Tibetan than Han residents of Lhasa. Respir. Physiol. 79:151-162, 1990.
35. SUTTON, J. R., J. T. REEVES, P. D. WAGNER, et al. Operation Everest II: oxygen transport during exercise at extreme simulated altitude. J. Appl. Physiol. 64:1309-1321, 1988.
36. VOGEL, J. A., L. H. HARTLEY, and J. C. CRUZ. Cardiac output during exercise in altitude natives at sea level and high altitude. J. Appl. Physiol. 36:173-176, 1974.
37. WEST, J. B., P. H. HACKETT, K. H. MARET, et al. Pulmonary gas exchange on the summit of Mount Everest. J. Appl. Physiol. 55:678-687, 1983.
38. ZHUANG, J., T. DROMA, J. R. SUTTON, et al. Autonomie regulation of heart rate response to exercise in Tibetan and Han residents of Lhasa (3658 m). J. Appl. Physiol. 75:1968-1973, 1993.