Fullerenes in Chinese ink. A correction

Fullerene Science and Technology

Volumn 5, Issue 1, 1997, Pages 177-194

  Osawa, Eiji ^a   Hirose, Yuji ^a   Kimura, Akira ^a   Shibuya, Masaomi ^a   Gu, Zhen Nan ^b   Li, Fu Mian ^b  

^a TOYOHASHI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (Japan)

^b PEKING UNIVERSITY   (China)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

HIGH PRESSURE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY; SOOT; TOLUENE;

CHINESE INK STICKS; REVERSE PHASE HIGH PRESSURE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY;

FULLERENES;

EID: 0030779329     PISSN: 1064122X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/15363839708011981     Document Type: Article

References (22)

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3. (b) Mukhopadhyay, K., Krishna, K. M. and Sharon, M. Phys. Rev. Lett. 1994, 72, 3182.
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6. Contrary to general practice, we found that the direct extraction method increased the yield of fullerene from the raw soot by 6-7 times compared to the Soxhlet extraction. The raw soot tends to coagulate into a hard mass in the Soxhlet thumb filter while the vigorous agitation in the refluxing flask keeps find dispersion. On the other hand, the coarse particles from the ink stick do not coagulate in the Soxhlet apparatus.
7. We took several measures to increase the extraction yield of ink sticks, including using an electric grinder to pulverize the stick, preparing a toluene suspension of Chinese ink by using a motor-driven rubbing machine, processing the pulverized stick particles further in a motor-driven mortar, and treating the particles with 5N hydrochloric acid or 5N sodium hydroxide at room temperature for 6 hours to hydrolyze the gelatin of animal glue and destroy the colloidal structure surrounding soot particles. None of these measures proved effective.
8. Jinno, K., Uemura, T., Nagashima, H. and Itoh, K. Chromatographia 1993, 35, 38.
9. Heymann, D., Chibante, L. P. F. and Smalley, R. E. J. Chromatography A. 1995, 689, 157.
10. Heymann, D., Wolbach, W. S., Chibante, L. P. F., Brooks, R. R. and Smalley, R. E. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 1994, 58, 3531.
11. We have analyzed PAHs in a soot sample obtained from pine oil (c2 in Table 2). After refluxing in p-xylene and concentration, the extract was analyzed by HPLC-UV with silica gel ODS as the stationary phase and methanol as the mobile phase. Fourteen peaks were detected based on the absorption at 254 nm, and among them 8 PAHs have been identified by comparison of the UV spectra taken with a photo diode array (wave length region 230-550 nm) with the standards. They are phenanthrene, fluorene, fluoranthene, pyrene, anthanthracene, benzo[j]fluoranthene, benz[e]acephenanthrylene, and benzo[a]pyrene.
12. Shigematsu, K. Chem. Express, 1992, 7, 453.
13. The only exception is the pine oil.
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15. Actually one of the Ko-Ka-Boku samples we tested (J12) carried a piece of paper mentioning anthracene oil as the sooting material.
16. (a) Takeuchi, T., Sophia, 1975, 24 [3] p. 81 (in Japanese, published from the Sophia University, Tokyo),
17. (b) Tanabe, H. Kagaku to Kougyou (Chem. & Chem. Ind.), 1959, 12, 50.
18. This applies only to the high-grade Chinese ink sticks for calligraphers and painters, and those for the daily use are now manufactured on large scale from stabilized colloidal particles of carbon black.
19. Heymann, D., Chibante, L. P. F., Brooks, R. R., Wolbach, W. S. and Smalley, R. E. Science, 1994, 265, 645.
20. World Atlas, Hammond Inc., Maplewood, N.J., 1971, p. E16.
21. Becker, L., Poreda, R. J. and Bada, J. L. Science, 1996, 272, 249.
22. 1 which were given based on the analytical data of my previous coworkers.