Cross-sectional imaging anatomy of the anal sphincters

Obstetrics and Gynecology

Volumn 90, Issue 5, 1997, Pages 839-844

  Peschers, Ursula M ^b   DeLancey, John O L ^a   Fritsch, Helga ^b   Quint, Leslie E ^b   Prince, Martin R ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HEALTH SYSTEM   (United States)

^b NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ANUS SPHINCTER; ARTICLE; ECHOGRAPHY; FEMALE; FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; IMAGE ANALYSIS; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; PRIORITY JOURNAL;

ADULT; AGED; ANAL CANAL; CADAVER; FEMALE; FETUS; HUMANS; MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; MIDDLE AGED;

EID: 0030778946     PISSN: 00297844     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0029-7844(97)00406-7     Document Type: Article

References (13)

1. Sultan AH, Kamm MA, Hudson CN, Thomas JN, Bartram CI. Anal sphincter disruption during vaginal delivery. N Engl J Med 1993;329:1985-91.
2. Crawford LA, Quint EH, Pearl ML, DeLancey JOL, Incontinence following rupture of the anal sphincter during delivery. Obstet Gynecol 1993;82:527-31.
3. Aronson MP, Raymond AL, Berquist TH. Anatomy of the anal sphincters and related structures in continent women studied with magnetic resonance imaging. Obstet Gynecol 1990;76:846-51.
4. Schaefer A, Enck P, Fuerst G, Kahn TH, Frieling T, Luebke HJ. Anatomy of the anal sphincters. Comparison of anal endosonography to magnetic resonance imaging. Dis Colon Rectum 1994;37: 777-81.
5. Sandridge DA, Thorp JM. Vaginal endosonography in the assessment of the anorectum. Obstet Gynecol 1995;86:1007-9.
6. Dalley AF II. The riddle of the sphincters. The morphophysiology of the anorectal mechanism reviewed. Am Surg 1987;53:298-306. (Published erratum 398.)
7. Sultan AH, Nicholls RJ, Kamm MA, Hudson CN, Beynon J, Bartram CI. Anal endosonography and correlation with in vivo and in vitro anatomy. Br J Surg 1993;80:508-11.
8. Fritsch H, Froehlich B. Development of the levator ani muscle in human fetuses. Early Hum Dev 1994;37:15-25.
9. Peschers UM, DeLancey JOL, Schaer GN, Schuessler B. Reproducibility of anal sphincter defect evaluation with exoanal ultrasound. Neurourol Urodyn 1996;15:360-2.
10. Sultan AH, Kamm MA, Talbot IC, Nicholls JR, Bartram CI. Anal endosonography for identifying external sphincter defects confirmed histologically. Br J Surg 1994;81:463-5.
11. Ayoub SF. Anatomy of the external anal sphincter in men. Acta Anat 1979;105:25-36.
12. Oh C, Kark AE. Anatomy of the external anal sphincter. Br J Surg 1972;59:717-23.
13. Milligan ETC, Morgan CN. Surgical anatomy of the anal canal with special reference to anorectal fistulae (I). Lancet 1934;ii:1150-6.