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Formation of magnetic minerals was visually inspected with a magnet and was confirmed by x-ray diffraction
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Fe(III) reduction was monitored by measuring the accumulation of Fe(II) by the ferrozine method [C. Zhang et al., Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. 57/58, 923 (1996)]. Formation of magnetic minerals was visually inspected with a magnet and was confirmed by x-ray diffraction.
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4 (30 min) at room temperature. The samples were then dehydrated with an ethanol series under aerobic conditions, air-dried, and coated with gold-palladium.
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3 spinel) within the resolution limits of the electron diffraction technique. The d-spacings at 7.1 Å, 3.57 Å, and 2.78 Å are characteristic of maghemite.
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We thank D. Coffey (ORNL; scanning electron microscopy), E. Voelkl (ORNL; transmission electron microscopy), W. R. Dunham and N. Moon (Univ. of Michigan; Mössbauer spectroscopy) for collaborative efforts, and A. V. Palumbo (ORNL) for discussion. Supported by the Subsurface Science Program managed by F. J. Wobber and the Geosciences Research Program of U.S. Department of Energy contracted to Lockheed Martin Energy Research Corp.; the ORNL Postdoctoral Research Associates Program administered jointly by ORNL and Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (S. V. Liu, J. Zhou, and C. Zhang); the ORNL Laboratory-Directed Research and Development Program; and the ORNL High-Temperature Materials Laboratory summer faculty fellowship program (M.G.J.).
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