Redox-controlled thylakoid protein phosphorylation. News and views

Physiologia Plantarum

Volumn 100, Issue 4, 1997, Pages 869-885

  Gal, A ^a   Zer, H ^a   Ohad, I ^a  

^a HEBREW UNIVERSITY OF JERUSALEM   (Israel)

Author keywords

Cytochrome bf; LHCII kinase; Photosynthesis; Protein phosphorylation; PSII; Redox control; Signal transduction; Thylakoid membranes

Indexed keywords

EID: 0030774348     PISSN: 00319317     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-3054.1997.1000413.x     Document Type: Article

References (164)

1. Albertsson, P.-Å. 1995. The structure and function of the chloroplast photosynthetic membrane - A model for the domain organization. - Photosynth. Res. 46: 141-149.
2. Allen, C. A., Håkansson, G. & Allen, J. F. 1995. Redox conditions specify the proteins synthesized by isolated chloroplasts and mitochondria. - Redox Rep. 1: 119-123.
3. Allen, J. F. 1992a. How does protein phosphorylation regulate photosynthesis. - Trends Biochem. Soc. 17: 12-17.
4. _ 1992b. Protein phosphorylation in regulation of photosynthesis. - Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1098: 275-335.
5. _ 1995. Thylakoid protein phosphorylation, state 1-state 2 transitions, and photosystem stoichiometry adjustment: redox control at multiple levels of gene expression. - Physiol. Plant. 93: 196-205.
6. _ & Nilsson, A. 1997. Redox signalling and the structural basis of regulation of photosynthesis by protein phosphorylation. - Physiol. Plant. 100: 863-868.
7. _, Bennet, J., Steinback, K. E. & Arntzen, C. J. 1981. Chloroplast protein phosphorylation couples plastoquinone redox state to distribution of excitation energy between photosystems. - Nature 291: 21-25.
8. _, Alexciev, K. & Håkansson, G. 1995a. Regulation by redox signalling. - Curr. Biol. 5: 869-872.
9. _, Dubé, S. L. & Davison, P. A. 1995b. Screening for mutants deficient in state transitions using time-resolved imaging spectroscopy of chlorophyll fluorescence. - In Photosynthesis: From Light to Biosphere, III (P. Mathis, ed.), pp. 679-682. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht. ISBN 0-7923-3859-6.
10. Anderson, J. M., Cho, W. S. & Park, Y. L. 1995. The grand design of photosynthesis: Acclimation of the photosynthetic apparatus to environmental cues. - Photosynth. Res. 46: 129-139.
11. Andersson, B. 1992. Thylakoid membrane dynamics and stress adaptation. - In Trends in Photosynthesis Research (J. Barber, M. G. Guerero and H. Medrano, eds), pp. 71-86. Intercept Ltd, Andover. ISBN 0-946707-37-5.
12. _ & Aro, E.-M. 1997. Proteolytic activities and proteases of plant chloroplasts. - Physiol. Plant. 100: 780-793.
13. _ & Barber, J. 1994. Composition, organization and dynamics of thylakoid membranes. - In Advances in Molecular and Cell Biology, Vol. 10 (E. E. Bittar, ed.), pp. 1-53. JAI Press, Greenwhich. ISBN 1-55938-710-6.
14. _ & Styring, S. 1991. Photosystem II: Molecular organization, function and acclimation. - In Current Topics in Bioenergetics, Vol. 16 (C. P. Lee, ed.), pp. 1-81. Academic press, San Diego, CA. ISBN 0-12-152516-3.
15. Aro, E.-M., Virgin, I. & Andersson, B. 1993. Photoinhibition of photosystem II. Inactivation, protein damage and turnover. - Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1143: 113-134.
16. Barber, J. 1986. Surface electrical charges and protein phosphorylation. - In Photosynthesis III. Photosynthetic Membranes and Light Harvesting Systems, Vol. 19 (L. A. Staehelin and C. J. Arntzen, eds), pp. 653-663. Spinger-Verlag, Berlin. ISBN 3-540-16140-6.
17. _ & Andersson, B. 1992. Too much of a good thing: Light can be bad for photosynthesis. - Trends Biochem. Sci. 17: 61-66.
18. Barzda, V., Istokovics, A., Simidjiev, I. & Garab, G. 1996. Structural flexibility of chiral macroaggregates of light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b pigment-protein complexes. Light-induced reversible structural chances associated with energy dissipation. - Biochemistry 35: 8981-8985.
19. Bassi, R., Sandonà, D. & Croce, R. 1997. Novel aspects of chlorophyll a/b-binding proteins. - Physiol. Plant. 100: 769-779.
20. Bennett, J. 1979. The protein kinase of the thylakoid membrane is light-dependent. - FEBS Lett. 103: 342-344.
21. _ 1980. Evidence for thylakoid-bound phosphoprotein phosphatase. - Eur. J. Biochem. 104: 85-89.
22. _ 1991. Protein phosphorylation in green plant chloroplasts. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 42: 281-311.
23. _, Shaw, E. K. & Bakr, S. 1987. Phosphorylation of thylakoid proteins and synthetic peptide analogs: Differential sensitivity to inhibition by a plastoquinone antagonist. - FEBS Lett. 210: 22-26.
24. 6f complex is required for phosphorylation of light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b complex II in chloroplast photosynthetic membranes. - Eur. J. Biochem. 171: 95-100.
25. Bergantino, E., Dainese, P., Cerovic, Z., Sechi, S. & Bassi, R. 1995. A post-translational modification of the photosystem II subunit CP29 protects maize from cold stress. - J. Biol. Chem. 270: 8474-8481.
26. Biggins, J., Campbell, C. L. & Bruce, D. 1984. Mechanism of the light state transition in photosynthesis. II. Analysis of the phosphorylated polypeptides in the red alga. - Biochim. Biophys. Acta 767: 138-144.
27. Black, M. T., Foyer, C. H. & Horton, P. 1984. An investigation into the ATP requirements for phosphorylation of thylakoid proteins and for the ATP induced decrease in the yield of chlorophyll fluorescence in chloroplasts at different stages of development. - Biochim. Biophys. Acta 767: 557-562.
28. Boekema, E. J., Hankamer, B., Bald, D., Kruip, J., Nield, J., Boonstra, A. F., Barber, J. & Rogner, M. 1995. Supramolecular structure of the photosystem II complex from green plants and cyanobacteria. - Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92: 175-179.
29. Brand, M., Garcia, A. F., Pucheu, N., Meryandini, A., Kerber, N., Tadros, M. H. & Drews, G. 1995. Phosphorylation of the light-harvesting polypeptide LHIa of Rhodobacter capsulatus at serine after membrane insertion under chemotropic and phototropic growth conditions. - Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1231: 169-175.
30. 6f subunits. - J. Biol. Chem. 269: 7597-7602.
31. Callahan, F. E., Ghirardi, M. L., Sopory, S. K., Mehta, A. M., Edelman, M. & Mattoo, A. K. 1990. A novel metabolic form of the 32 kDa-D1 protein in the grana-localized reaction center of photosystem II. - J. Biol. Chem. 265: 15357-15360.
32. Carlberg, I. & Andersson, B. 1993. Changed lateral migration of phospho-LHCII in the thylakoid membrane upon acclimation of spinach to low tempertures. - FEBS Lett. 333: 10-14.
33. _ & Andersson, B. 1996. Phosphatase activities in spinach thylakoid membranes - Effectors, regulation and location. - Photosynth. Res. 47: 145-156.
34. _, Bingsmark, S., Venniigerholz, F., Larsson, U. K. & Andersson, B. 1992. Low temperature effects on thylakoid protein phosphorylation and membrane dynamics. - Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1099: 111-117.
35. 6f complex. - Photosynth. Res. 46: 419-426.
36. Cheng, L. 1995. Redox control of protein phosphorylation in chloroplast thylakoid membranes. - Thesis, Lund University, Lund. ISBN 91-628-1721-3.
37. Cortez, N., Lucero, A. H. & Vallejos, H. R. 1987. Stromal serine protein kinase activity in spinach chloroplast. - Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 254: 504-508.
38. Coughlan, S. J. 1988. Chloroplast thylakoid protein phosphorylation is influenced by mutations in the cytochrome bf complex. - Biochim. Biophys. Acta 933: 413-422.
39. _ & Hind, G. 1986a. Purification and characterization of a membrane-bound protein kinase from spinach thylakoids. - J. Biol. Chem. 261: 11378-11385.
40. _ & Hind, G. 1986b. Protein kinases of the thylakoid membrane. - J. Biol. Chem. 261: 14062-14068.
41. _ & Hind, G. 1987a. Phosphorylation of thylakoid proteins by a purified kinase. - J. Biol. Chem. 262: 8402-8408.
42. _ & Hind, G. 1987b. A protein kinase that phosphorylates light harvesting complex is autophosphorylated and is associated with photosystem II. - Biochemistry 26: 6515-6521.
43. _, Kieleczawa, J. & Hind, G. 1988. Further enzymatic characteristics of a thylakoid protein kinase. - J. Biol. Chem. 263: 16631-16636.
44. Cox, R. P. & Andersson, B. 1981. Lateral and transverse organization of cytochromes in the chloroplast thylakoid membrane. - Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 103: 1336-1342.
45. 6f complex of oxygenic photosynthesis. - Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 47: 477-508.
46. 6f complex. Novel aspects. - Physiol. Plant. 100: 852-862.
47. Croce, R., Breton, J. & Bassi, R. 1996. Conformational changes induced by phosphorylation in the CP29 subunit of photosystem II. - Biochemistry 35: 11142-11148.
48. Danon, A. & Mayfield, S. P. 1994. Light regulated translation of chloroplast messenger RNAs through redox potential. - Science 266: 1717-1719.
49. de Vitry, C., Diner, A. B. & Popot, J.-L. 1991. Photosystem II particles from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. - J. Biol. Chem. 266: 16614-16621.
50. 6f complex encoded by the nuclear petX gene: Nucleic and protein sequences, targeting signals and membrane topology. - In Photosynthesis: From Light to Biosphere, II (P. Mathis, ed.), pp. 595-598. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht. ISBN 0-7923-3858-8.
51. 1 complex. - Biochemistry 34: 15979-15996.
52. Drepper, F., Carlberg, I., Andersson, B. & Haehnel, W. 1993. Lateral diffusion of an integral membrane protein: Monte Carlo analysis of the migration of phosphorylated light-harvesting complex II in the thylakoid membrane. - Biochemistry 32: 11915-11921.
53. Ebbert, V. & Godde, D. 1994. Regulation of thylakoid protein phosphorylation in intact chloroplasts by the activity of kinases and phosphatases. - Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1187: 335-346.
54. _ & Godde, D. 1996. Phosphorylation of PSII polypeptides inhibits D1 protein degradation and increases PSII stability. - Photosynth. Res. 50: 257-269.
55. Edelman, A. M., Blumenthal, D. K. & Krebs, E. D. 1987. Protein serine/threonine kinases. - Annu. Rev. Biochem. 56: 567-613.
56. Elich, T. D., Edelman, M. & Mattoo, A. K. 1993. Dephosphorylation of photosystem II core proteins is light regulated in vivo. - EMBO J. 12: 4857-4862.
57. Escoubas, J. M., Lomas, M., LaRoche, J. & Falkowski, P. G. 1995. Light intensity regulation of cab gene transcription is signaled by the redox state of the plastoquinone pool. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92: 10237-10241.
58. Ferrell, J. E. & Martin, G. S. 1991. Assessing activities of blotted protein kinases. - Methods Enzymol. 200: 430-435.
59. Fork, D. C. & Satoh, K. 1986. The control by state transitions of the distribution of excitation energy in photosynthesis. -Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 37: 335-361.
60. Frid, D., Gal, A., Oettmeier, W., Hauska, G., Berger, S. & Ohad, I. 1992. The redox-controlled light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b protein kinase. - J. Biol. Chem. 267: 25908-25915.
61. Gal, A., Shahak, Y., Schuster, G. & Ohad, I. 1987. Specific loss of LHCII phosphorylation in Lemna mutant 1073 lacking the cytochrome b6/f complex. - FEBS Lett. 221: 205-210.
62. _, Schuster, G., Frid, D., Canaani, O., Schwieger, H.-G. & Ohad, I. 1988. Role of the cytochrome b6/f complex in the redox-controlled activity of Acetabularia thylakoid protein kinase. - J. Biol. Chem. 263: 7785-7791.
63. _, Hauska, G., Herrmann, R. & Ohad, I. 1990a. Interaction between light harvesting chlorophyll a/b protein (LHCII) kinase and cytochrome b6/f complex. - J. Biol. Chem. 265: 19742-19749.
64. _, Mor, T. S., Hauska, G., Herrmann, R. & Ohad, I. 1990b. LHCII kinase activity associated with isolated cytochrome b6/f complex. - In Current Research in Photosynthesis, II (M. Baltscheffsky, ed.), pp. 787-789. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht. ISBN 0-7923-0589-2.
65. _, Herrmann, R. G., Lottspeich, F. & Ohad, I. 1992. Phosphorylation of cytochrome b6 by the LHCII kinase associated with the cytochrome complex. - FEBS Lett. 298: 33-35.
66. _, Zer, H., Roobol-Boza, M., Fulgosi, H., Herrmann, R. G., Ohad, I. & Andersson, B. 1995. Use of perfusion chromatography for the rapid isolation of thylakoid kinase enriched preparations. - In Photosynthesis: From Light to Biosphere, III (P. Mathis, ed.), pp. 341-344. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht. ISBN 0-7923-3860-6.
67. Garcia, A. F., Meryandini, A., Brand, M., Tadros, M. H. & Drews, G. 1994. Phosphorylation of the α and β polypeptides of the light-harvesting complex I (B870) of Rhodobacter capsulatus in an in vitro translation system. - FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 124: 87-92.
68. Georgakopoulos, J. H. & Argyroudi-Akoyunoglu, J. H. 1994. On the question of lateral migration of LHCII upon thylakoid protein phosphorylation in isolated pea chloroplasts: The stroma lamellar fraction separated from phosphorylated chloroplasts is not homogenous. - Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1188: 380-390.
69. Giardi, M. T. 1993. Phosphorylation and disassembly of the photosystem II core as an early stage of photoinhibition. - Planta 190: 107-113.
70. _, Rigoni, F. & Barbato, R. 1992. Photosystem II core phosphorylation heterogeneity, differential herbicide binding, and regulation of electron transfer in photosystem II preparations from spinach. - Plant Physiol. 100: 1948-1954.
71. Green, B. E. & Durnford, D. G. 1996. The chlorophyll-carotenoid proteins of oxygenic photosynthesis. - Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 47: 685-714.
72. Greenberg, B. M., Gaba, V., Canani, O., Malkin, S., Mattoo, A. K. & Edelman, M. 1989. Separate photosensitizers mediate degradation of the 32 kDa photosystem II reaction center protein in the visible and UV spectral regions. - Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86: 6617-6620.
73. Hagen, C., Pascal, A. A., Horton, P. & Inoue, Y. 1995. Influence of changes in the photon protective energy dissipation on red light-induced detrapping of the thermoluminescence Z band. - Photobiology 62: 514-521.
74. Hankamer, B., Nield, J., Zheleva, D., Boekema, E., Jansson, S. & Barber, J. 1997. Isolation and biochemical characterization of monomeric and dimeric photosystem II complexes from spinach and their relevance to the organisation of photosystem II in vivo. - Eur. J. Biochem. 243: 422-429.
75. Harrison, M. A. & Allen, J. F. 1993. Differential phosphorylation of individual LHC-II polypeptides during short-term and long-term acclimation to light regime in the green alga Dunaliella salina. - Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1141: 37-44.
76. 6f complex - composition, structure and function. - In Oxygenic Photosynthesis: The Light Reactions. 4 (D. R. Ort and C. F. Yocum, eds), pp. 377-398. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht. ISBN 0-7923-3683-6.
77. Henis, I. Y. 1993. Lateral and rotational diffusion in biological membranes. - In Biomembranes: Physical Aspects, Vol. 1 (M. Shinitzki, ed.), pp. 279-340. VCH Publishers, Weinheim. ISBN 1-56081-771-2.
78. Hind, G., Marshak, D. R. & Coughlan, S. J. 1995. Spinach thylakoid polyphenol oxidase: Cloning, characterization, and relation to a putative protein kinase. - Biochemistry 34: 8157-8164.
79. Hobe, S., Förster, R., Klinger, J. & Paulsen, H. 1995. N-proximal sequence motif in light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-binding protein is essential for the trimerization of light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b complex. - Biochemistry 34: 10224-10228.
80. Horton, P. & Ruban, A. V. 1992. Regulation of photosystem II. -Photosynth. Res. 34: 375-385.
81. _, Allen, J. F., Black, M. T. & Bennett, J. 1981. Regulation of phosphorylation of chloroplast membrane polypeptides by the redox state of plastoquinone. - FEBS Lett. 125: 193-196.
82. _, Ruban, A. V., Rees, D., Pascal, A. A., Noctor, G. & Young, A. J. 1991. Control of the light-harvesting function of chloroplast membranes by aggregation of the LHCII chlorophyll-protein complex. - FEBS Lett. 292: 1-4.
83. Hutchcroft, J. E., Anostario, M. J., Harrison, L. M. & Geahlen, R. L. 1991. Renaturation and assay of protein kinases after electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels. - Methods Enzymol. 200: 417-423.
84. Ikeuchi, M., Plumley, F. G., Inoue, Y. & Schmidt, G. W. 1987. Phosphorylation of photosystem II components, CP43 apoprotein, D1, D2, and 10 to 11 kilodalton protein in chloroplast thylakoids of higher plants. - Plant Physiol. 85: 638-642.
85. Ishak, Z., White, I. R. & Millner, P. A. 1993. Molecular interactions of LHCII kinase with petD peptides. - Biochem. Soc. Trans. 21: 263S.
86. Islam, K. 1989a. GTP-induced chloroplast membrane protein phosphorylation and photosysiem II fluorescence changes: Evidence for multiple protein kinase activities. - Biochim. Biophys. Acta 974: 261-266.
87. _ 1989b. Thylakoid protein phosphorylation and associated photosystem II fluorescence changes: A study with ATP analogue adenosine-5-O-thiotriphosphate (ATP-γ-S). - Biochim. Biophys. Acta 974: 267-273.
88. Jansson, S. 1994. The light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b binding proteins. - Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1184: 1-19.
89. Joliot, P., Lavernge, J. & Beal, D. 1992. Plastoquinone compartmentation in chloroplasts. L Evidence for domains with different rates of photoreduction. - Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1101: 1-12.
90. Keren, N., van Kan, P. J. M., Berg, A., Gong, H., Shochat, S., Levanon, H., Styring, S., Andersson, B. & Ohad, I. 1995. On the mechanism of the low-light-induced degradation of the D1 protein: Involvement of back electron transfer in photosystem II. - In Photosynthesis: From Light to Biosphere, IV (P. Mathis, ed.), pp. 299-302. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht. ISBN 0-7923-3860-X.
91. _, Berg, A., van Kan, P. J. M., Levanon, H. & Ohad, I. 1997. Mechanism of photosystem II photoin activation and D1 protein degradation at low light: The role of back electron flow. - Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94: 1579-1584.
92. Knoetzel, J., Meyer, D. U. & Grimme, L. H. 1995. Phosphorylated photosystem I antenna proteins in barley. - In Photosynthesis: From Light to Biosphere. I (P. Mathis, ed.), pp. 131-134. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht. ISBN 0-7923-3857-X.
93. Koivuniemi, A., Aro, E.-M. & Andersson, B. 1995. Degradation of the D1- and D2-proteins of photosystem II in higher plants is regulated by reversible phosphorylation. - Biochemistry 34: 16022-16029.
94. Kruse, p., Zheleva, D., Hankamer, B. & Barber. J. 1995. Investigating the protective role of phosphorylation for PSII complexes. - In Photosynthesis: From Light to Biosphere, III (P. Mathis, ed.), pp. 401-404. Kluwer Academic Publishers. Dordrecht. ISBN 0-7923-3859-6.
95. Kühlbrandt, W. & Barber, J. 1988. Separation of phosphorylated and unphosphorylated light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-protein complex by column chromatography. - Biochim. Biophys. Acta 934: 118-122.
96. _, Wang, D. N. & Fujiyoshi, Y. 1994. Atomic model of plant Hunt-harvesting complex by electron crystallography. - Nature 367: 614-621.
97. LaRoche, J., van der Staay, G. W. M., Partensky, F., Ducret, A., Aebersold, R. L., Golden, S. S., Hiller, R. G., Wrench, P. M., Larkum, A. W. D. & Green, B. R. 1996. Independent evolution of the prochlorophyte and green plant chlorophyll a/b light-harvesting proteins. - Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93: 15244-15248.
98. Larsson, U. K. & Andersson, B. 1985. Different degrees of phosphorylation and lateral mobility of two polypeptides belonging to the light-harvesting complex (LHC-II). - Biochim. Biophys. Acta 809: 396-402.
99. _, Sundby, C. & Andersson, B. 1987. Characterization of two different subpopulations of spinach light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b protein complex (LHCII): Polypeptide composition, phosphorylation pattern and association with photosystem II. - Biochim. Biophys. Acta 894: 59-68.
100. Lavergne, J. & Joliot, P. 1991. Restristed diffusion in photosynthetic membranes. - Trends Biochem. Sci. 16: 129-134.
101. Lemaire, C., Girard-Bascou, J. & Wollman, F.-A. 1986. Characterization of the b6/f complex subunits on the LHC-kinase in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii using mutant strains altered in the b6/f complex. - In Progress in Photosynthetic Research, IV (J. Biggins, ed.), pp. 655-658. Nijhoff, Dordrecht. ISBN 90-247-3453-3.
102. Lin, Z.-F., Lucero, H. A. & Racker, E. 1982. Protein kinase from spinach chloroplasts. 1. Purification and identification of two distinct protein kinases. - J. Biol. Chem. 257: 12153-12156.
103. Lindahl, M. & Andersson, B. 1992. A proteolytic activity associated with loss of outer LHCII during acclimation from low to high light. - In Research in Photosynthesis, I (N. Murata, ed.), pp. 307-310. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht. ISBN 0-7923-3857-X.
104. _, Carlberg, I., Schröder, W. P. & Andersson, B. 1995a. Characterization of a 12 kDa phosphoprotein from spinach thylakoids. - In Photosynthesis: From Light to Biosphere, III (P. Mathis, ed.), pp. 321-324. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht. ISBN 0-7923-3860-6.
105. _, Yang, D. H. & Andersson, B. 1995b. Regulatory proteolysis of the major light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b protein of photosystem II by a light-induced membrane-associated enzymic system. - Eur. J. Biochem. 231: 503-509.
106. Lucero, H. A., Lin, Z.-F. & Racker, E. 1982. Protein kinase from spinach chloroplasts. 2. Protein substrate specificity and kinetic properties. - J. Biol. Chem. 257: 12157-12160.
107. Malkin, R. 1982. Interaction of photosynthetic electron transport inhibitors and the Rieske iron-sulfur center in chloroplasts and the cytochrome b6/f complex. - FEBS Lett. 21: 2945-2950.
108. _ 1986. Interaction of stigmatellin and DNP-INT with the Rieske iron-sulfur center of the chloroplast cytochrome b6f complex. - FEBS Lett. 208: 317-320.
109. Marder, J. B., Telfer, A. & Barber, J. 1988. The D1 polypeptide subunit of the photosystem II reaction centre has a phosphorylation site at its amino terminus. - Biochim. Biophys. Acta 932: 362-365.
110. Mayfield, S. P., Yohn, C. B., Cohen, A. & Danon, A. 1995. Regulation of chloroplast gene expression. - Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 46: 147-166.
111. Michel, H. P. & Bennett, J. 1989. Use of synthetic peptides to study the substrate specificity of a thylakoid protein kinase. - FEBS Lett. 254: 165-170.
112. 2 termini. - J. Biol. Chem. 263: 1123-1130.
113. Millner, P. A. 1987. Are guanine nucleotide-binding proteins in- volved in regulation of thylakoid protein kinase activity? - FEBS Lett. 226: 155-160.
114. - & Robinson, P. S. 1989. ADP-ribosylation of thylakoid membrane polypeptides by cholera toxin is correlated with inhibition of thylakoid GTPase activity and protein phosphorylation. - Cell Signal 1: 421-433.
115. _, Widger, W. R., Abbott, M. S., Cramer, W. A. & Dilley, R. A. 1982. The effect of adenine nucleotides on inhibition of the thylakoid protein kinase by sulfhydryl-directed reagents. - J. Biol. Chem. 257: 1736-1742.
116. _, Marder, J. B., Gounaris, K. & Barber, J. 1986. Localization and identification of phosphoproteins within the photosystem II core of higher plant thylakoid membranes. - Biochim. Biophys. Acta 852: 30-37.
117. Mor, T. S., Hundal, T., Ohad, I. & Andersson, B. 1997. The fate of cytochrome b559 during anaerobic photoinhibition and its recovery processes. - Photosynth. Res. (In press).
118. Morden, C. W. & Golden, S. S. 1989a. psbA genes indicate common ancestry of prochlorophytes and chloroplasts. - Nature 337: 382-385.
119. _ & Golden, S. S. 1989b. psbA genes indicate common ancestry of prochlorophytes and chloroplasts: Corrigendum. - Nature 339: 400.
120. Owens, G. C. & Ohad, I. 1982. Phosphorylation of Chlamydomonas reinhadtii chloroplast membrane proteins in vivo and in vitro. - J. Biol. Chem. 93: 712-718.
121. Paulsen, H. 1995. Chlorophyll a/b-binding proteins. - Photochem. Photobiol. 62: 367-382.
122. Peter, G. F. & Thornber, J. P. 1991. Biochemical composition and organization of higher plant photosystem II light-harvesting pigment-proteins. - J. Biol. Chem. 266: 16745-16754.
123. Post, A. F., Gal, A., Ohad, I., Milsbauer, K. M. & Bullerjahn, G. S. 1992. Characterization of light-activated reversible phosphorylation of a chlorophyll a/b antenna apoprotein in the photo synthetic prokaryote Prochlorothrix hollandica. - Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1100: 75-82.
124. _, Ohad, I., Warner, K. M. & Bullerjahn, G. S. 1993. Energy distribution between photosystem I and II in the photosynthetic prokaryote Prochlorothrix hollandica involves a chlorophyll a/b antenna which associates with photosystem I. - Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1144: 374-384.
125. Pramanik, A., Bingsmark, S., Lindahl, M., Baltscheffsky, H., Baltscheffsky, M. & Andersson, B. 1991. Pyrophosphate dependent phosphorylation of thylakoid proteins. - Eur. J. Biochem. 198: 183-186.
126. Prasil, O., Adir, N. & Ohad, I. 1992. Dynamics of photosystem II: Mechanism of photoinhibition and recovery processes. - In The Photosystems: Structure, Function and Molecular Biology (J. Barber, ed.), pp. 295-348. Elsevier, Amsterdam. ISBN 0-444-83440-3.
127. Quinn, M. T., Parkos, C. A., Walker, L., Orkin, S. H., Dinauer, M. C. & Jesaitis, A. J. 1989. Association of Ras-related protein with cytochrome b of human neutrophils. - Nature 342: 198-200.
128. _, Parkos, C. A. & Jesaitis, A. J. 1995. Purification of human neutrophil NADPH oxidase cytochrome b-558 and association with Rap 1A. - Methods Enzymol. 255: 476-487.
129. Race, H. L. & Hind, G. 1996. A protein kinase in the core of photosystem II. - Biochemistry 35: 13006-13010.
130. _, Davenport, J. W. & Hind, G. 1995a. Resolution of the thylakoid polyphenol oxidase and a protein kinase. - In Photosynthesis: From Light to Biosphere, III (P. Mathis, ed.), pp. 815-818. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht. ISBN 0-7923-3859-6.
131. _, Eaton-Rye, J. J. & Hind, G. 1995b. A 64-kDa protein is a substrate for phosphorylation by a distinct thylakoid protein kinase. - Photosynth. Res. 43: 231-239.
132. Rintamäki, E., Salo, R. & Aro, E.-M. 1994. Rapid turnover of the D1 reaction-center protein of photosystem II as a protection mechanism against photoinhibition in a moss, Ceratodon purpure us (Hedw.) Brid. - Planta 193: 520-529.
133. _, Kettunen, R., Tyystjärvi, E. & Aro, E.-M. 1995a. Light-de- pendent phosphorylation of D1 reaction centre protein of photosystem II: Hypothesis for the functional role in vivo. - Physiol. Plant. 93: 191-195.
134. _, Salo, R., Lehtonen, E. & Aro, E.-M. 1995b. Regulation of D1-protein degradation during photoinhibition of photosystem II in vivo: Phosphorylation of the D1 protein in various plant groups. - Planta 195: 379-386.
135. Rögner, M., Boekema, E. J. & Barber, J. 1996. How does photosystem 2 split water? The structural basis of efficient energy conversion. - Trends Biochem. Sci. 21: 44-49.
136. Santini, G., Tidu, V., Tognon, G., Ghiretti Magaldi, A. & Bassi, R. 1994. Three-dimensional structure of the higher-plant photosystem II reaction centre and evidence for its dimeric organization in vivo. - Eur. J. Biochem. 221: 307-315.
137. 6f complexes from spinach and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. - Photosynth. Res. 38: 73-81.
138. Schuster, G., Owens, G. C., Cohen, Y. & Ohad, I. 1984. Thylakoid polypeptide composition and light independent phosphorylation of the chlorophyll a,b-protein in Prochloron, a prokaryote exhibiting oxygenic photosynthesis. - Biochim. Biophys. Acta 767: 596-605.
139. _, Dewit, M., Staehelin, A. & Ohad, I. 1986. Transient inactivation of the thylakoid photosystem II light-harvesting protein kinase system and concomitant changes in intramembrane particale size during photoinhibition of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. - J. Cell Biol. 103: 71-80.
140. Silverstein, T., Cheng, L. & Allen, J. F. 1993a. Redox titration of multiple protein phosphorylations in pea chloroplast thylakoids. - Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1183: 215-220.
141. _, Cheng, L. & Allen, J. F. 1993b. Chloroplast thylakoid protein phosphatase reactions are redox-independent and kinetically heterogenous. - FEBS Lett. 334: 101-105.
142. Sokolenko, A., Fulgosi, H., Gal, A., Altshmeid, L., Ohad, I. & Herrmann, R. G. 1995. The 64 kDa polypeptide of spinach may not be the LHCII kinase, but a lumen-located polyphenol oxidase. - FEBS Lett. 371: 176-180.
143. Sonoike, K. 1995. Selective photoinhibition of photosystem I in isolated thylakoid membranes from cucumber and spinach. - Plant Cell Physiol. 36: 825-830.
144. Soroka, Y., Gal, A. & Ohad, I. 1992. LHCII kinase activation during greening correlates with the assembly of cytochrome b6/f complex and grana formation. - In Regulation of Chloroplast Biogenesis (J. H. Argyroudi-Akoyunoglu, ed.), pp. 521-526. Plenum Press, New York, NY ISBN 0-306-44184-5.
145. Staehelin, L. A. & Arntzen, C. J. 1983. Regulation of chloroplasts membrane function: Protein phosphorylation changes the spatial organization of membrane components. - J. Cell Biol. 97: 1327-1337.
146. Struglics, A. & Allen, J. F. 1995. Redox-dependent protein phosphorylation as a fundamental feature of bioenergetic membranes in cyanobacterial thylakoids, purple bacterial chromatophores and mitochondrial inner membranes. - In Photosynthesis: From Light to Biosphere, III (P. Mathis, ed.), pp. 413-416. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht. ISBN 0-7923-3859-6.
147. Stys, D., Drakenberg, T., Spangfort, M. D., Forsén, S. & Allen, J. F. 1995. Structure and magnesium binding of peptide fragments of LHCII in its phosphorylated and unphosphorylated forms studied by multinuclear NMR. - In Photosynthesis: From Light to Biosphere, I (P. Mathis, ed.), pp. 127-130. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht. ISBN 0-7923-3857-X.
148. Sundby, C., Larsson, U. K. & Henrysson, T. 1989. Effects of bicarbonate on thylakoid protein phosphorylation. - Biochim. Biophys. Acta 975: 277-282.
149. Testi, M. G., Croce, R., Palverino-De Laureto, P. & Bassi, R. 1996. A CK2 site is reversibly phosphorylated in the photosystem II subunit CP29. - FEBS Lett. 399: 245-250.
150. Vallon, O., Wollman, F. A. & Olive, J. 1986. Lateral distribuition of the main protein complexes of the phothosynthetic apparatus in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and in spinach; an immunohistochemical study using intact thylakoid membranes and a PSII enriched membrane preparation. - Photobiochem. Photobiophys. 12: 203-220.
151. _, Bulté, L., Dainese, P., Olive, J., Bassi, R. & Wollman, F. A. 1991. Lateral redistribution of cytochrome b6/f complexes along thylakoid membranes upon state transitions. - Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88: 8262-8266.
152. van der Staay, G. W. M., Matthijs, H. C. P. & Mur, L. R. 1989. Phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of membrane proteins from the prochlorophyte Prochlorothrix hollandica in fixed redox states. - Biochim, Biophys. Acta 975: 317-324.
153. o-site of reduced cytochrome b/f mediates signal transduction between light and thylakoid phosphorylation. Thylakoid protein kinase deactivation by a single turnover flash. - Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94: 1585-1590.
154. Vener, A. V., van Kan, P. J. M., Gal, A., Andersson, B. & Ohad, I. 1995. Activation/deactivation cycle of redox-controlled thylakoid protein phopshorylation. - J. Biol. Chem. 270: 25225-25232.
155. Vescovi, E. G. & Lucero, A. H. 1990. Phosphorylation of serine residues in endogenous protein of thylakoids and subthylakoid particles in the dark under nonreducing conditions. - Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1018: 23-28.
156. White, I. R., O'Donnell, P. J., Keen, J. N., Findlay, J. B. C. & Millner, P. A. 1990. Investigation of the substrate specificity of thylakoid protein kinase using synthetic peptides. - FEBS Lett. 269: 49-52.
157. Wollenberger L., Stefánsson, H., Yu, S.-G. & Albertsson, P.-Å. 1994. Isolation and characterization of vesicles originating from the chloroplast grana margins. - Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1184: 93-102.
158. Wollman, F.-A. & Delepelaire, P. 1984. Correlation between changes in light energy distribution and changes in thylakoid membrane polypeptide phosphorylation in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. - J. Cell Biol. 98: 1-7.
159. _ & Lemaire, C. 1988a. Phosphorylation processes interacting in vivo in the thylakoid membranes from C. reinhardtii. - In Photocatalytic Production of Energy Rich Compounds (D. O. Hall and G. Grassi, eds), pp. 210-214. Elsevier, Amsterdam. ISBN 1-85166-424-6.
160. 6f mutants from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii which lack quinone-binding proteins. - Biochim. Biophys. Acta 933: 85-94.
161. Yang, D.-H., Lindahl, M., Adam, Z. & Andersson, B. 1995. A thylakoid-bound proteolytic activity involved in acclimative degadation of LHCII. - In Photosynthesis: From Light to Biosphere, IV (P. Mathis, ed.), pp. 453-456. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht. ISBN 0-7923-3860-X.
162. Yu, C. A., Xia, J. Z., Kachurin, A. M., Yu, L., Xia, D., Kim, H. & Deisenhofer, J. 1996. Crystallization and preliminary structure of beef heart mitochondrial cytochrome-bc1 complex. - Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1275: 47-53.
163. B site in the D1 protein degradation. - Eur. J. Biochem. 231: 448-453.
164. _, Prasil, O. & Ohad, I. 1994. Role of plastoquinol oxidoreduction in regulation of photochemical reaction center II D1 protein turnover in vivo. - J. Biol. Chem. 269: 17670-17676.