Rapid cycling bipolar affective disorder: Lack of relation to hypothyroidism

Psychiatry Research

Volumn 72, Issue 1, 1997, Pages 1-7

  Post, Robert M ^a   Kramlinger, Keith G ^b   Joffe, Russell T ^c   Roy Byrne, Peter P ^d   Rosoff, Ann ^a   Frye, Mark A ^a   Huggins, Teresa ^a  

^a NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MENTAL HEALTH   (United States)

^b MAYO CLINIC COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^c MCMASTER UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTRE   (Canada)

^d UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

Author keywords

Affective disorder; Hypothyroidism; Lithium; Rapid cycling; Thyroxine; Triiodothyronine

Indexed keywords

LIOTHYRONINE; LITHIUM; THYROTROPIN; THYROXINE;

ARTICLE; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; DOUBLE BLIND PROCEDURE; FEMALE; HUMAN; HYPOTHYROIDISM; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MANIC DEPRESSIVE PSYCHOSIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RADIOIMMUNOASSAY;

ADULT; BIPOLAR DISORDER; FEMALE; HUMANS; HYPOTHYROIDISM; MALE; REFERENCE VALUES; THYROID FUNCTION TESTS; THYROID GLAND; THYROID HORMONES; THYROTROPIN; THYROXINE; TRIIODOTHYRONINE;

EID: 0030773378     PISSN: 01651781     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0165-1781(97)00076-0     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. Banki, C.M., Bissette, G., Arató, M., Nemeroff, C.B., 1988. Elevation of immunoreactive CSF TRH in depressed patients. American Journal of Psychiatry 145, 1526-1531.
2. Bartalena, L., Pellegrini, L., Meschi, M., Antonangeli, L., Bogazzi, F., Dell'Osso, L., Pinchera, A., Placidi, G.F., 1990. Evaluation of thyroid function in patients with rapid-cycling and non-rapid-cycling bipolar disorder. Psychiatry Research 34, 13-17.
3. Bauer, M.S., Whybrow, P.C., 1988. Thyroid hormones and the central nervous system in affective illness: interactions that may have clinical significance. Integrative Psychiatry 6, 75-100.
4. Bauer, M.S., Whybrow, P.C., 1990. Rapid cycling bipolar affective disorder. II. Treatment of refractory rapid cycling with high-dose levothyroxine: a preliminary study. Archives of General Psychiatry 47, 435-440.
5. Bauer, M.S., Whybrow, P.C., Winokur, A., 1990. Rapid cycling bipolar affective disorder. I. Association with grade I hypothyroidism. Archives of General Psychiatry 47, 427-432.
6. Baumgartner, A., Graf, K.-J., Kurten, I., Meinhold, H., 1988. The hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis in psychiatric patients and healthy subjects. Part 3: The TRH test and thyroid hormone determinations as predictors of therapeutic response and long-term outcome in major depression and schizophrenia. Psychiatry Research 24, 306-315.
7. Baumgartner, A., Bauer, M., Hellweg, R., 1994. Treatment of intractable non-rapid cycling bipolar affective disorder with high-dose thyroxine: an open clinical trial. Neuropsychopharmacology 10, 183-189.
8. Bunney, W.E.J., Hamburg, D.A., 1963. Methods for reliable longitudinal observation of behavior. Archives of General Psychiatry 9, 280-294.
9. Cho, J.T., Bone, S., Dunner, D.L., Colt, E., Fieve, R.R., 1979. The effect of lithium treatment on thyroid function in patients with primary affective disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry 136, 115-116.
10. Cole, A.J., Scott, J., Ferrier, I.N., Eccleston, D., 1993. Patterns of treatment resistance in bipolar affective disorder. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 88, 121-123.
11. Coryell, W., Endicott, J., Keller, M., 1992. Rapidly cycling affective disorder: demographics, diagnosis, family history, and course. Archives of General Psychiatry 49, 126-131.
12. Cowdry, R.W., Wehr, T.A., Zis, A.P., Goodwin, F.K., 1983. Thyroid abnormalities associated with rapid-cycling bipolar illness. Archives of General Psychiatry 40, 414-420.
13. Dunner, D.L., Fieve, R.R., 1974. Clinical factors in lithium prophylactic failure. Archives of General Psychiatry 30, 229-233.
14. Duval, F., Macher, J.-P., Mokrani, M.-C., 1990. Difference between evening and morning thyrotropin responses to protirelin in major depressive episode. Archives of General Psychiatry 47, 443-448.
15. Duval, F., Mokrani, M.C., Oliveira Castro, J., Crocq, M.A., Andrade, E.E., Macher, J.P., 1992. Circadian effects on the TSH response to TRH in depressed patients. Clinical Neuropharmacology 15, 384A-385A.
16. Extein, I.L., Gold, M.S., 1988. Thyroid hormone potentiation of tricyclics. Psychosomatics 29, 166-174.
17. Extein, I.L., Potash, A.L.C., Gold, M.S., Cowdry, R.W., 1984. Changes in TSH response to TRH in affective illness. In: Post, R.M., Ballenger, J.C. (Eds.), Neurobiology of Mood Disorders. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, pp. 297-310.
18. Gold, M.S., Pottash, A.L.C., Extein, I., 1981. Hypothyroidism and depression: evidence from complete thyroid function evaluation. Journal of the American Medical Association 245, 1919-1922.
19. Herman, R., Obarzanek, E., Mikalauskas, K.M., Post, R.M., Jimerson, D.C., 1991. The effects of carbamazepine on resting metabolic rate and thyroid function in depressed patients. Biological Psychiatry 29, 779-788.
20. Isojarvi, J.I., Airaksinen, K.E.J., Mustonen, J.N., Pakarinen, A.J., Rautio, A., Pelkonen, O., Myllyla, W., 1995. Thyroid and myocardial function after replacement of carbamazepine by oxacarbazepine. Epilepsia 36, 811-816.
21. Joffe, R.T., 1996. The thyroid and cognitive therapy for depression [abstract]. APA New Research Program and Abstracts: NR309, 151.
22. Joffe, R.T., Post, R.M., 1986. Experimental treatment for affective disorder. In: Berger, P.A., Brodie, K.H. (Eds.), American Handbook of Psychiatry. Basic Books, New York, pp. 386-407.
23. Joffe, R.T., Kutcher, S., MacDonald, C., 1988. Thyroid function and bipolar affective disorder. Psychiatry Research 25, 117-121.
24. Joffe, R.T., Singer, W., Levitt, A.J., MacDonald, C., 1993. A placebo-controlled comparison of lithium and triiodothyronine augmentation of tricyclic antidepressants in unipolar refractory depression. Archives of General Psychiatry 50, 387-393.
25. Kim, S.-Y., Post, R.M., Rosen, J.B., 1996. Differential regulation of basal and kindling-induced TRH mRNA expression by thyroid hormone in the hypothalamic and limbic structures. Neuroendocrinology 63, 297-304.
26. Kirkegaard, C., Faber, J., 1981. Altered serum levels of thyroxine, triiodothyronines and diiodothyronines in endogenous depression. Acta Endocrinologica 96, 199-207.
27. Kirkegaard, C., Faber, J., Hummer, L., Rogowski, P., 1979. Increased levels of TRH in cerebrospinal fluid from patients with endogenous depression. Psychoneuroendocrinology 4, 227-235.
28. Kramlinger, K.G., Post, R.M., 1990. Addition of lithium carbonate to carbamazepine: hematological and thyroid effects. American Journal of Psychiatry 147, 615-620.
29. Kusalic, M., 1992. Grade II and grade III hypothyroidism in rapid-cycling bipolar patients. Neuropsychobiology 25, 177-181.
30. Langer, G., Koinig, G., Hatzinger, R., Schonbeck, G., Resch, F., Aschauer, H., Keshaven, M.S., Sieghart, W., 1986. Response of thyrotropin to thyrotropin-releasing hormone as predictor of treatment outcome. Prediction of recovery and relapse in treatment with antidepressants and neuroleptics. Archives of General Psychiatry 43, 861-868.
31. Leverich, G.S., Post, R.M., 1996. Life charting the course of bipolar disorder. In: Rush, A.J. (Ed.), Current Review of Mood and Anxiety Disorders. Current Medicine, Philadelphia, pp. 48-61.
32. Loosen, P.T., 1985. The TRH-induced TSH response in psychiatric patients: a possible neuroendocrine marker. Psychoneuroendocrinology 10, 237-260.
33. Loosen, P.T., Prange, A.J., Jr., 1982. Serum thyrotropin response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone in psychiatric patients: a review. American Journal of Psychiatry 139, 405-416.
34. 4) and serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) during prolonged lithium treatment. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 75, 217-221.
35. Maj, M., Magliano, L., Pirozzi, R., Marasco, C., Guarneri, M., 1994. Validity of rapid cycling as a course specifier for bipolar disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry 151, 1015-1019.
36. Marangell, L.B., Ketter, T.A, George, M.S., Pazzaglia, P.J., Callahan, A.M., Parekh, P., Andreason, P.J., Horwitz, B., Herscovitch, P., Post, R.M., 1997. Inverse relationship of peripheral thyrotropin-stimulating hormone levels to brain activity in mood disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry 154, 224-230.
37. McKeon, P., Manley, P., Swanwick, G., 1992. Manic-depressive illness - I: Clinical characteristics of bipolar subtypes. Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine 9, 6-9.
38. Nurnberger, J., Jr., Guroff, J.J., Hamovit, J., Berrettini, W., Gershon, E., 1988. A family study of rapid-cycling bipolar illness. Journal of Affective Disorders 15, 87-91.
39. Oomen, H.A., Schipperijn, A.J., Drexhage, H.A., 1996. The prevalence of affective disorder and in particular of a rapid cycling of bipolar disorder in patients with abnormal thyroid function tests. Clinical Endocrinology 45, 215-223.
40. Prange, A.J., Jr., Loosen, P.T., 1980. Some endocrine aspects of affective disorders. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 41, 29-34.
41. Prange, A.J., Jr., Loosen, P.T., Wilson, I.C., Lipton, M.A., 1984. The therapeutic use of hormones of the thyroid axis in depression. In: Post, R.M., Ballenger, J.C. (Eds.), Neurobiology of Mood Disorders. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, pp. 311-322.
42. Roy-Byrne, P.P., Joffe, R.T., Uhde, T.W., Post, R.M., 1984. Carbamazepine and thyroid function in affectively ill patients: clinical and theoretical implications. Archives of General Psychiatry 41, 1150-1153.
43. Sack, D.A., James, S.P., Rosenthal, N.E., Wehr, T.A., 1988. Deficient nocturnal surge of TSH secretion during sleep and sleep deprivation in rapid-cycling bipolar illness. Psychiatry Research 23, 179-191.
44. Schou, M., Vestergaard, P., 1983. Lithium treatment: problems and precautions. In: Burrows, G.D., Norman, T.R., Davies, B. (Eds.), Antidepressants. Elsevier Biomedical Press, Amsterdam, pp. 269-276.
45. Shelton, R.C., Winn, S., Ekhatore, N., Loosen, P.T., 1993. The effects of antidepressants on the thyroid axis in depression. Biological Psychiatry 33, 120-126.
46. Squillace, K., Post, R.M., Savard, R., Erwin-Gorman, M., 1984. Life charting of the longitudinal course of recurrent affective illness. In: Post, R.M., Ballenger, J.C. (Eds.), Neurobiology of Mood Disorders. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, pp. 38-59.
47. Stancer, H.C., Persad, E., 1982. Treatment of intractable rapid-cycling manic-depressive disorder with levothyroxine. Archives of General Psychiatry 39, 311-312.
48. Stein, D., Avni, J., 1988. Thyroid hormones in the treatment of affective disorders. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 77, 623-636.
49. Wehr, T.A., Sack, D.A., Rosenthal, N.E., Cowdry, R.W., 1988. Rapid cycling affective disorder: contributing factors and treatment responses in 51 patients. American Journal of Psychiatry 145, 179-184.
50. Whybrow, P.C., 1994. The therapeutic use of triiodothyronine and high dose thyroxine in psychiatric disorder. Acta Medica Austriaca 21, 47-52.
51. Winokur, A., 1993. The thyroid axis and depressive disorders. In: Mann, J.J., Kupfer, D.J. (Eds.), The Biology of Depressive Disorders. Plenum Press, New York, pp. 155-170.