메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 12, Issue 5, 1997, Pages 225-238

Stress and critical illness: The integrated immune/hypothalamic- pituitary-adrenal axis response

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CORTICOTROPIN RELEASING FACTOR RECEPTOR; CYTOKINE; GLUCOCORTICOID; HYDROCORTISONE;

EID: 0030770353     PISSN: 08850666     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/088506669701200503     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (8)

References (144)
  • 3
    • 84954981008 scopus 로고
    • General adaptation syndrome and the diseases of adaptation
    • Selye H. General adaptation syndrome and the diseases of adaptation. J Clin Endocrinol 1946;6:117-230
    • (1946) J Clin Endocrinol , vol.6 , pp. 117-230
    • Selye, H.1
  • 4
    • 0000827450 scopus 로고
    • On acute ulceration of the duodenum in cases of burns
    • Curling TB. On acute ulceration of the duodenum in cases of burns. Trans Med-Chir Soc Lond 1842;25:260
    • (1842) Trans Med-Chir Soc Lond , vol.25 , pp. 260
    • Curling, T.B.1
  • 5
    • 0019435794 scopus 로고
    • A specific laboratory test for the diagnosis of melancholia. Standardization, validation and clinical utility
    • Carroll BJ, Feinberg M, Greden JF, et al. A specific laboratory test for the diagnosis of melancholia. Standardization, validation and clinical utility. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1981; 38:15-22
    • (1981) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.38 , pp. 15-22
    • Carroll, B.J.1    Feinberg, M.2    Greden, J.F.3
  • 6
    • 0021282106 scopus 로고
    • Psychiatric implications of basic and clinical studies with CRF
    • Gold P, Chrousos G, Kellner C, et al. Psychiatric implications of basic and clinical studies with CRF. Am J Psychiatry 1984;141:619-627
    • (1984) Am J Psychiatry , vol.141 , pp. 619-627
    • Gold, P.1    Chrousos, G.2    Kellner, C.3
  • 7
    • 0027433763 scopus 로고
    • Glucocorticoid therapy for immune-mediated diseases: Basic and clinical correlates
    • Boumpas DT, Chrousos GP, Wilder RL, et al. Glucocorticoid therapy for immune-mediated diseases: basic and clinical correlates. Ann Intern Med 1993;119:1198-1208
    • (1993) Ann Intern Med , vol.119 , pp. 1198-1208
    • Boumpas, D.T.1    Chrousos, G.P.2    Wilder, R.L.3
  • 8
    • 0029056558 scopus 로고
    • Glucocorticoid receptor β, a potential endogenous inhibitor of glucocorticoid action in humans
    • Bamberger CM, Bamberger A-M, de Castro M, Chrousos GP. Glucocorticoid receptor β, a potential endogenous inhibitor of glucocorticoid action in humans. J Clin Invest 1995;95:2435-2441
    • (1995) J Clin Invest , vol.95 , pp. 2435-2441
    • Bamberger, C.M.1    Bamberger, A.-M.2    De Castro, M.3    Chrousos, G.P.4
  • 9
    • 0030026713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular determinants of glucocorticoid receptor function and tissue sensitivity to glucocorticoids
    • Bamberger CM, Schulte HM, Chrousos GP. Molecular determinants of glucocorticoid receptor function and tissue sensitivity to glucocorticoids. Endocrine Rev 1996;17:245-261
    • (1996) Endocrine Rev , vol.17 , pp. 245-261
    • Bamberger, C.M.1    Schulte, H.M.2    Chrousos, G.P.3
  • 10
    • 0022550322 scopus 로고
    • Adaptation during surgical stress. A reevaluation of the role of glucocorticoids
    • Udelsman R, Ramp J, Gallucci WT, et al. Adaptation during surgical stress. A reevaluation of the role of glucocorticoids. J Clin Invest 1986;77:1377-1381
    • (1986) J Clin Invest , vol.77 , pp. 1377-1381
    • Udelsman, R.1    Ramp, J.2    Gallucci, W.T.3
  • 11
    • 0021724901 scopus 로고
    • Physiological functions of glucocorticoids in stress and their relation to pharmacological actions
    • Munck A, Guyre PM, Holbrook NJ. Physiological functions of glucocorticoids in stress and their relation to pharmacological actions. Endocrine Rev 1984;5:25-44
    • (1984) Endocrine Rev , vol.5 , pp. 25-44
    • Munck, A.1    Guyre, P.M.2    Holbrook, N.J.3
  • 12
    • 0026772425 scopus 로고
    • Circadian rhythm abnormalities in totally blind people: Incidence and clinical significance
    • Sack RL, Lewy AJ, Blood ML, et al. Circadian rhythm abnormalities in totally blind people: incidence and clinical significance. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1992;75:127-134
    • (1992) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.75 , pp. 127-134
    • Sack, R.L.1    Lewy, A.J.2    Blood, M.L.3
  • 13
    • 0019738479 scopus 로고
    • Effects of "jet-lag" on hormonal patterns. I. Procedures, variations in total plasma proteins, and disruption of adrenocorticotropin- Cortisol periodicity
    • Desir D, Van Cauter E, Fang VS, et al. Effects of "jet-lag" on hormonal patterns. I. Procedures, variations in total plasma proteins, and disruption of adrenocorticotropin- cortisol periodicity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1981;52: 628-641
    • (1981) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.52 , pp. 628-641
    • Desir, D.1    Van Cauter, E.2    Fang, V.S.3
  • 15
    • 0023879272 scopus 로고
    • Corticosterone acts on the brain to inhibit adrenalectomy-induced adrenocorticotropin secretion
    • Levin N, Shinsako J, Dallman M. Corticosterone acts on the brain to inhibit adrenalectomy-induced adrenocorticotropin secretion. Endocrinology 1988;122:694-701
    • (1988) Endocrinology , vol.122 , pp. 694-701
    • Levin, N.1    Shinsako, J.2    Dallman, M.3
  • 16
    • 0021691828 scopus 로고
    • Corticosteroid inhibition of ACTH secretion
    • Keller-Wood ME, Dallman MF. Corticosteroid inhibition of ACTH secretion. Endocrine Rev 1984;5:1-24
    • (1984) Endocrine Rev , vol.5 , pp. 1-24
    • Keller-Wood, M.E.1    Dallman, M.F.2
  • 17
    • 0027168792 scopus 로고
    • The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in critical illness: Response to dexamethasone and corticotropin-releasing homone
    • Reincke M, Allolio B, Wurth G, Winkelmann W. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in critical illness: response to dexamethasone and corticotropin-releasing homone. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1993;77:151-156
    • (1993) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.77 , pp. 151-156
    • Reincke, M.1    Allolio, B.2    Wurth, G.3    Winkelmann, W.4
  • 18
    • 84995857121 scopus 로고
    • Exercise- Induced activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis: Marked differences in the sensitivity to glucocorticoid suppression
    • Petrides JS, Mueller GP, Kalogeras KT, et al. Exercise- induced activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis: marked differences in the sensitivity to glucocorticoid suppression. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1994;79:377-383
    • (1994) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.79 , pp. 377-383
    • Petrides, J.S.1    Mueller, G.P.2    Kalogeras, K.T.3
  • 19
    • 0027179281 scopus 로고
    • The pituitary corticotroph is not the rate limiting step in the postoperative recovery of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in patients with Cushing's syndrome
    • Gomez T. Magiakou MA, Mastorakos G, Chrousos GP. The pituitary corticotroph is not the rate limiting step in the postoperative recovery of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in patients with Cushing's syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1993;77:173-177
    • (1993) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.77 , pp. 173-177
    • Gomez, T.1    Magiakou, M.A.2    Mastorakos, G.3    Chrousos, G.P.4
  • 20
    • 0023761690 scopus 로고
    • Localization of 11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase tissue-specific protector of the mineralocorticoid receptor
    • Edwards CRW, Stewart PM, Burt D. et al. Localization of 11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase tissue-specific protector of the mineralocorticoid receptor. Lancet 1988; 2:986-989
    • (1988) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 986-989
    • Edwards, C.R.W.1    Stewart, P.M.2    Burt, D.3
  • 21
    • 0022995728 scopus 로고
    • Adrenal steroid receptors and actions in the nervous system
    • McEwen BS, de Kloet ER, Rostene W. Adrenal steroid receptors and actions in the nervous system. Physiol Rev 1986; 66:1121-1118
    • (1986) Physiol Rev , vol.66 , pp. 1121-11118
    • McEwen, B.S.1    De Kloet, E.R.2    Rostene, W.3
  • 22
    • 0022383620 scopus 로고
    • Two receptor systems for corticosterone in rat brain: Microdistribution and differential occupation
    • Reul JHM, de Kloet ER. Two receptor systems for corticosterone in rat brain: microdistribution and differential occupation. Endocrinology 1985;117:2505-2411
    • (1985) Endocrinology , vol.117 , pp. 2505-12411
    • Reul, J.H.M.1    De Kloet, E.R.2
  • 23
    • 0011905624 scopus 로고
    • RU 486: A steroid with anti-glucocorticosteroid activity that only disinhibits the human pituitary-adrenal system at a specific time of day
    • Gaillard R, Riondel A, Muller AF, et al. RU 486: a steroid with anti-glucocorticosteroid activity that only disinhibits the human pituitary-adrenal system at a specific time of day. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1984;81:3879-3882
    • (1984) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.81 , pp. 3879-3882
    • Gaillard, R.1    Riondel, A.2    Muller, A.F.3
  • 24
    • 0019782980 scopus 로고
    • Characterization of a 41-residue ovine hypothalamic peptide that stimulates secretion of corticotropin and beta-endorphin
    • Vale W, Spiess J, Rivier C, Rivier J. Characterization of a 41-residue ovine hypothalamic peptide that stimulates secretion of corticotropin and beta-endorphin. Science 1981; 213:1394-1397
    • (1981) Science , vol.213 , pp. 1394-1397
    • Vale, W.1    Spiess, J.2    Rivier, C.3    Rivier, J.4
  • 25
    • 0021347816 scopus 로고
    • Arginine vasopressin potentiates adrenocorticotropin release induced by ovine corticotropin-releasing factor
    • De Bold CR, Sheldon WR, DeCherney GS, et al. Arginine vasopressin potentiates adrenocorticotropin release induced by ovine corticotropin-releasing factor. J Clin Invest 1984;73:533-538
    • (1984) J Clin Invest , vol.73 , pp. 533-538
    • De Bold, C.R.1    Sheldon, W.R.2    Decherney, G.S.3
  • 26
    • 0021718198 scopus 로고
    • Human corticotropin-releasing factor in man: Pharmacokinetic properties and dose response of plasma adrenocorticotropin and Cortisol secretion
    • Schurmeyer TH, Avgerinos PC, Gold PW, et al. Human corticotropin-releasing factor in man: pharmacokinetic properties and dose response of plasma adrenocorticotropin and Cortisol secretion. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1984; 59:1103-1108
    • (1984) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.59 , pp. 1103-1108
    • Schurmeyer, T.H.1    Avgerinos, P.C.2    Gold, P.W.3
  • 27
    • 0021972631 scopus 로고
    • Ovine corticotropin-releasing factor administration in normal men. Pituitary and adrenal responses in the morning and evening
    • Schulte HM, Chrousos GP, Oldfield DH, et al. Ovine corticotropin-releasing factor administration in normal men. Pituitary and adrenal responses in the morning and evening. Horm Res 1985;21:69-74
    • (1985) Horm Res , vol.21 , pp. 69-74
    • Schulte, H.M.1    Chrousos, G.P.2    Oldfield, D.H.3
  • 28
    • 0026042714 scopus 로고
    • Petrosal sinus sampling with and without corticotropin releasing hormone for the differential diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome
    • Oldfield EH, Doppman JL, Nieman LK, et al. Petrosal sinus sampling with and without corticotropin releasing hormone for the differential diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome. N Engl J Med 1991;325:897-905
    • (1991) N Engl J Med , vol.325 , pp. 897-905
    • Oldfield, E.H.1    Doppman, J.L.2    Nieman, L.K.3
  • 29
    • 0021245363 scopus 로고
    • The corticotropin releasing hormone stimulation test: A possible aid in the evaluation of patients with adrenal insufficiency
    • Schulte HM, Chrousos GP, Avgerinos P, et al. The corticotropin releasing hormone stimulation test: a possible aid in the evaluation of patients with adrenal insufficiency. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1984;58:1064-1067
    • (1984) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.58 , pp. 1064-1067
    • Schulte, H.M.1    Chrousos, G.P.2    Avgerinos, P.3
  • 31
    • 0023855027 scopus 로고
    • Corticotropin releasing hormone increases tonic but not sensory-evoked activity of noradrenergic locus ceruleus neurons in unanesthetized rats
    • Valentino RJ, Foote SL. Corticotropin releasing hormone increases tonic but not sensory-evoked activity of noradrenergic locus ceruleus neurons in unanesthetized rats. J Neurosci 1988;8:1016-1025
    • (1988) J Neurosci , vol.8 , pp. 1016-1025
    • Valentino, R.J.1    Foote, S.L.2
  • 32
    • 0021995208 scopus 로고
    • Behavioral effects of ovine corticotropin-releasing factor administered to rhesus monkeys
    • Kalin NH. Behavioral effects of ovine corticotropin-releasing factor administered to rhesus monkeys. Fed Proc 1985; 44:249-253
    • (1985) Fed Proc , vol.44 , pp. 249-253
    • Kalin, N.H.1
  • 33
    • 0021948245 scopus 로고
    • Corticotropin-releasing factor and behavior
    • Koob GF, Bloom FE. Corticotropin-releasing factor and behavior. Fed Proc 1991;44:259-263
    • (1991) Fed Proc , vol.44 , pp. 259-263
    • Koob, G.F.1    Bloom, F.E.2
  • 34
    • 0022597406 scopus 로고
    • Stress-induced inhibition of reproductive function: Role of endogenous corticotropin releasing factor
    • Rivier C, Rivier J, Vale W. Stress-induced inhibition of reproductive function: role of endogenous corticotropin releasing factor. Science 1986;231:607-609
    • (1986) Science , vol.231 , pp. 607-609
    • Rivier, C.1    Rivier, J.2    Vale, W.3
  • 35
    • 0020409215 scopus 로고
    • Corticotropin releasing factor produces behavioural activation in rats
    • Sutton RE, Koob GF, Le Moal M, et al. Corticotropin releasing factor produces behavioural activation in rats. Nature 1982;297:331-333
    • (1982) Nature , vol.297 , pp. 331-333
    • Sutton, R.E.1    Koob, G.F.2    Le Moal, M.3
  • 36
    • 0023634084 scopus 로고
    • Corticotropin- Releasing factor receptors: Distribution and regulation in brain and peripheral tissues
    • Aguilera G, Millan MA, Hauger RL, Catt KJ. Corticotropin- releasing factor receptors: distribution and regulation in brain and peripheral tissues. Ann NY Acad Sci 1987; 512:48-66
    • (1987) Ann NY Acad Sci , vol.512 , pp. 48-66
    • Aguilera, G.1    Millan, M.A.2    Hauger, R.L.3    Catt, K.J.4
  • 38
    • 0023259574 scopus 로고
    • Assessment of adrenal gland volume by computed tomography in depressed patients and healthy volunteers: A pilot study
    • Amsterdam J, Marinelli D, Arger P, Winokur A. Assessment of adrenal gland volume by computed tomography in depressed patients and healthy volunteers: a pilot study. Psychiatry Res 1987;21:189-197
    • (1987) Psychiatry Res , vol.21 , pp. 189-197
    • Amsterdam, J.1    Marinelli, D.2    Arger, P.3    Winokur, A.4
  • 39
    • 0023680751 scopus 로고
    • Clinical and biochemical manifestations of depression. Relation to neurobiology of stress
    • Gold PW, Goodwin FK, Chrousos GP. Clinical and biochemical manifestations of depression. Relation to neurobiology of stress. N Engl J Med 1988;319:348-353;413-420
    • (1988) N Engl J Med , vol.319 , pp. 348-353
    • Gold, P.W.1    Goodwin, F.K.2    Chrousos, G.P.3
  • 40
    • 0023927320 scopus 로고
    • Reduced corticotropin releasing factor binding sites in the frontal cortex of suicide victims
    • Nemeroff CB, Owens MJ, Bissette G, et al. Reduced corticotropin releasing factor binding sites in the frontal cortex of suicide victims. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1988;45:577-579
    • (1988) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.45 , pp. 577-579
    • Nemeroff, C.B.1    Owens, M.J.2    Bissette, G.3
  • 41
    • 0027936468 scopus 로고
    • Increased numbers of corticotropin-releasing hormone expressing neurons in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus of depressed patients
    • Raadsheer FC, Hoogendijk WJG, Stam FC, et al. Increased numbers of corticotropin-releasing hormone expressing neurons in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus of depressed patients. Neuroendocrinology 1994;60:436-444
    • (1994) Neuroendocrinology , vol.60 , pp. 436-444
    • Raadsheer, F.C.1    Hoogendijk, W.J.G.2    Stam, F.C.3
  • 42
    • 0026709874 scopus 로고
    • Corticotropin-releasing hormone in health and disease: An update
    • Ur E, Grossman A. Corticotropin-releasing hormone in health and disease: an update. Acta Endocrinol 1992; 127:193-199
    • (1992) Acta Endocrinol , vol.127 , pp. 193-199
    • Ur, E.1    Grossman, A.2
  • 43
    • 0027963203 scopus 로고
    • Effects of corticosterone on CRH mRNA and content in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis; comparison with the effects in the central nucleus of the amygdala and the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus
    • Makino S, Gold PW, Schulkin J. Effects of corticosterone on CRH mRNA and content in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis; comparison with the effects in the central nucleus of the amygdala and the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. Brain Res 1994;657:141-149
    • (1994) Brain Res , vol.657 , pp. 141-149
    • Makino, S.1    Gold, P.W.2    Schulkin, J.3
  • 44
    • 0026649885 scopus 로고
    • Serial cerebrospinal fluid corticotropin-releasing hormone concentrations in healthy and depressed humans
    • Geradoti TD Jr, Orth DN, Ekhator NN, et al. Serial cerebrospinal fluid corticotropin-releasing hormone concentrations in healthy and depressed humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1992;74:1325-1330
    • (1992) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.74 , pp. 1325-1330
    • Geradoti T.D., Jr.1    Orth, D.N.2    Ekhator, N.N.3
  • 45
    • 0027716529 scopus 로고
    • Identification of a seven transmembrane helix receptor for corticotropin-releasing factor and sauvagine in mammalian brain
    • Chang CP, Pearse R II, O'Connell S, Rosenfeld MG. Identification of a seven transmembrane helix receptor for corticotropin-releasing factor and sauvagine in mammalian brain. Neuron 1993;11:1187-1195
    • (1993) Neuron , vol.11 , pp. 1187-1195
    • Chang, C.P.1    Pearse R. II2    O'Connell, S.3    Rosenfeld, M.G.4
  • 46
    • 0027489208 scopus 로고
    • Expression cloning of a human corticotropin-releasing-factor receptor
    • Chen R, Lewis KA, Perrin MH, Vale WW. Expression cloning of a human corticotropin-releasing-factor receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1993;90:8967-8971
    • (1993) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.90 , pp. 8967-8971
    • Chen, R.1    Lewis, K.A.2    Perrin, M.H.3    Vale, W.W.4
  • 47
    • 0027131369 scopus 로고
    • Cloning and functional expression of a rat brain corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) receptor
    • Perrin MH, Donaldson CJ, Chen R, et al. Cloning and functional expression of a rat brain corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) receptor. Endocrinology 1993;133:3058-3061
    • (1993) Endocrinology , vol.133 , pp. 3058-3061
    • Perrin, M.H.1    Donaldson, C.J.2    Chen, R.3
  • 48
    • 0027376895 scopus 로고
    • Primary structure and functional expression of mouse pituitary and human brain corticotrophin releasing factor receptors
    • Vita N, Laurent P, Lefort S, et al. Primary structure and functional expression of mouse pituitary and human brain corticotrophin releasing factor receptors. FEBS Lett 1993; 335:1-5
    • (1993) FEBS Lett , vol.335 , pp. 1-5
    • Vita, N.1    Laurent, P.2    Lefort, S.3
  • 49
    • 0028557210 scopus 로고
    • Distribution of corticotropin-releasing factor receptor mRNA expression in the rat brain and pituitary
    • Potter E, Sutton S, Donaldson C, et al. Distribution of corticotropin-releasing factor receptor mRNA expression in the rat brain and pituitary. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1994;91: 8777-8781
    • (1994) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.91 , pp. 8777-8781
    • Potter, E.1    Sutton, S.2    Donaldson, C.3
  • 50
    • 0028980154 scopus 로고
    • CRF (2 alpha) and CRF (2 beta) receptor mRNAs are differentially distributed between the rat CNS and peripheral tissues
    • Lovenberg TW, Chalmers DT, Liu C, De Souza EB. CRF (2 alpha) and CRF (2 beta) receptor mRNAs are differentially distributed between the rat CNS and peripheral tissues. Endocrinology 1995;136:3351-3355
    • (1995) Endocrinology , vol.136 , pp. 3351-3355
    • Lovenberg, T.W.1    Chalmers, D.T.2    Liu, C.3    De Souza, E.B.4
  • 51
    • 0028914020 scopus 로고
    • Identification of a second corticotropin-releasing factor receptor gene and characterization of a cDNA expressed in heart
    • Perrin M, Donaldson C, Chen R, et al. Identification of a second corticotropin-releasing factor receptor gene and characterization of a cDNA expressed in heart. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1995;92:2969-2973
    • (1995) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.92 , pp. 2969-2973
    • Perrin, M.1    Donaldson, C.2    Chen, R.3
  • 52
    • 0028819695 scopus 로고
    • Urocortin, a mammalian neuropeptide related to fish urotensin I and to corticotropin-releasing factor
    • Vaughan J, Donaldson C, Bittencourt J, et al. Urocortin, a mammalian neuropeptide related to fish urotensin I and to corticotropin-releasing factor. Nature 1995;378:287-292
    • (1995) Nature , vol.378 , pp. 287-292
    • Vaughan, J.1    Donaldson, C.2    Bittencourt, J.3
  • 53
    • 0028815089 scopus 로고
    • Corticotropin- Releasing hormone deficiency reveals major fetal but not adult glucocorticoid need
    • Muglia L, Jacobson L, Dikkes P, Majzoub J. Corticotropin- releasing hormone deficiency reveals major fetal but not adult glucocorticoid need. Nature 1995;373:427-432
    • (1995) Nature , vol.373 , pp. 427-432
    • Muglia, L.1    Jacobson, L.2    Dikkes, P.3    Majzoub, J.4
  • 55
    • 0029981998 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cloning and characterization of human urocortin
    • Donaldson CJ, Sutton SW, Perrin MH, et al. Cloning and characterization of human urocortin. Endocrinology 1996; 137:2167-2170
    • (1996) Endocrinology , vol.137 , pp. 2167-2170
    • Donaldson, C.J.1    Sutton, S.W.2    Perrin, M.H.3
  • 56
    • 0028883392 scopus 로고
    • Displacement of corticotropin-releasing factor from its binding protein as a possible treatment for Alzheimers disease
    • Behan DP, Heinrichs SC, Troncosa JC, et al. Displacement of corticotropin-releasing factor from its binding protein as a possible treatment for Alzheimers disease. Nature 1995; 378:284-287
    • (1995) Nature , vol.378 , pp. 284-287
    • Behan, D.P.1    Heinrichs, S.C.2    Troncosa, J.C.3
  • 57
    • 0022764022 scopus 로고
    • Receptor-mediated peptide transport through the blood-brain barrier
    • Pardridge WM. Receptor-mediated peptide transport through the blood-brain barrier. Endocrine Rev 1986;7: 314-330
    • (1986) Endocrine Rev , vol.7 , pp. 314-330
    • Pardridge, W.M.1
  • 58
    • 0020468095 scopus 로고
    • The organization of noradrenergic pathways from the brainstem to the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei in the rat
    • Sawchenko PE, Swanson LW. The organization of noradrenergic pathways from the brainstem to the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei in the rat. Brain Res Rev 1982;4: 275-325
    • (1982) Brain Res Rev , vol.4 , pp. 275-325
    • Sawchenko, P.E.1    Swanson, L.W.2
  • 59
    • 0024313636 scopus 로고
    • Stress selectively activates the vasopressin- Containing subset of corticotropin-releasing hormone neurons
    • Whitnall MH. Stress selectively activates the vasopressin- containing subset of corticotropin-releasing hormone neurons. Neuroendocrinology 1989;50:702-707
    • (1989) Neuroendocrinology , vol.50 , pp. 702-707
    • Whitnall, M.H.1
  • 60
    • 0022657736 scopus 로고
    • Magnoeellular axons in passage through the the median eminence release vasopressin
    • Holmes MC, Antoni FA, Aguilera G, Gatt KJ. Magnoeellular axons in passage through the the median eminence release vasopressin. Nature 1986;319:326-329
    • (1986) Nature , vol.319 , pp. 326-329
    • Holmes, M.C.1    Antoni, F.A.2    Aguilera, G.3    Gatt, K.J.4
  • 61
    • 0024210421 scopus 로고
    • Corticotropin- Releasing hormone and pituitary-adrenocortical responses in chronically stressed rats
    • Hashimoto K, Suemaru S, Takao T, et al. Corticotropin- releasing hormone and pituitary-adrenocortical responses in chronically stressed rats. Regul Pept 1988;23:117- 126
    • (1988) Regul Pept , vol.23 , pp. 117-126
    • Hashimoto, K.1    Suemaru, S.2    Takao, T.3
  • 62
    • 0026786624 scopus 로고
    • Stress and the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis: Acute, chronic and immunological activation
    • Harbuz MS, Lightman SL. Stress and the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis: acute, chronic and immunological activation. J Enclocrinol 1992;134:327-339
    • (1992) J Enclocrinol , vol.134 , pp. 327-339
    • Harbuz, M.S.1    Lightman, S.L.2
  • 63
    • 0025027350 scopus 로고
    • Adaptation of the hypothalamo- Pituitary-adrenal axis to chronic ethanol stress
    • Spencer RL, McEwen BS. Adaptation of the hypothalamo- pituitary-adrenal axis to chronic ethanol stress. Neuroendocrinology 1990;52:481-489
    • (1990) Neuroendocrinology , vol.52 , pp. 481-489
    • Spencer, R.L.1    McEwen, B.S.2
  • 64
    • 0025808275 scopus 로고
    • Chronic streptozotocin diabetes in rats facilitates the acute stress response without altering pituitary or adrenal responsiveness to secretagogues
    • Scribner KA, Walker C, Cascio CS, Dallman MF. Chronic streptozotocin diabetes in rats facilitates the acute stress response without altering pituitary or adrenal responsiveness to secretagogues. Endocrinology 1991;129:99-108
    • (1991) Endocrinology , vol.129 , pp. 99-108
    • Scribner, K.A.1    Walker, C.2    Cascio, C.S.3    Dallman, M.F.4
  • 65
    • 0025979621 scopus 로고
    • Pathways to the secretion of adrenocorticotropin: A view from the portal
    • Plotsky PM. Pathways to the secretion of adrenocorticotropin: a view from the portal. J Neuroendocrinol 1991;3: 1-9
    • (1991) J Neuroendocrinol , vol.3 , pp. 1-9
    • Plotsky, P.M.1
  • 66
    • 0024466137 scopus 로고
    • Glucocorticoids regulate ovine hypophysial portal levels of corticotropin-releasing factor and arginine vasopressin in a stress specific manner
    • Canny BJ, Funder JW, Clarke IJ. Glucocorticoids regulate ovine hypophysial portal levels of corticotropin-releasing factor and arginine vasopressin in a stress specific manner. Endocrinology 1989;125:2532-2539
    • (1989) Endocrinology , vol.125 , pp. 2532-2539
    • Canny, B.J.1    Funder, J.W.2    Clarke, I.J.3
  • 67
    • 0024517312 scopus 로고
    • Studies of the secretion of corticotropin-releasing factor and arginine vasopressin into the hypophysial-portal circulation of the conscious sheep. I. Effect of an audiovisual stimulus and insulin-induced hypoglycemia
    • Engler D, Pham T, Fullerton MJ, et al. Studies of the secretion of corticotropin-releasing factor and arginine vasopressin into the hypophysial-portal circulation of the conscious sheep. I. Effect of an audiovisual stimulus and insulin-induced hypoglycemia. Neuroendocrinology 1989;49: 367-381
    • (1989) Neuroendocrinology , vol.49 , pp. 367-381
    • Engler, D.1    Pham, T.2    Fullerton, M.J.3
  • 68
    • 0025292438 scopus 로고
    • Insulin-induced hypoglycemia stimulates corticotropin-releasing factor and arginine vasopressin secretion into hypophysial portal blood of conscious rams
    • Caraty A, Grino M, Locatelli A, et al. Insulin-induced hypoglycemia stimulates corticotropin-releasing factor and arginine vasopressin secretion into hypophysial portal blood of conscious rams. J Clin Invest 1990;85:1716-1721
    • (1990) J Clin Invest , vol.85 , pp. 1716-1721
    • Caraty, A.1    Grino, M.2    Locatelli, A.3
  • 69
    • 0026092999 scopus 로고
    • Distinct classes of corticotropes mediate corticotropin-releasing hormone- And arginine vasopressin-stimulated adrenocorticotropin release
    • Jia LG, Canny BJ, Orth DN, Leong DA. Distinct classes of corticotropes mediate corticotropin-releasing hormone- and arginine vasopressin-stimulated adrenocorticotropin release. Endocrinology 1991;128:197-203
    • (1991) Endocrinology , vol.128 , pp. 197-203
    • Jia, L.G.1    Canny, B.J.2    Orth, D.N.3    Leong, D.A.4
  • 70
    • 0020583640 scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of action of corticotropin-releasing factor and other regulators of corticotropin release in rat pituitary cells
    • Aguilera G, Hardwood JP, Wilson JX, et al. Mechanisms of action of corticotropin-releasing factor and other regulators of corticotropin release in rat pituitary cells. J Biol Chem 1983;258:8039-8045
    • (1983) J Biol Chem , vol.258 , pp. 8039-8045
    • Aguilera, G.1    Hardwood, J.P.2    Wilson, J.X.3
  • 72
    • 0023146085 scopus 로고
    • Alpha adrenergic stimulation of corticotropin secretion by a specific central mechanism in man
    • Al-Damluji S, Perry L, Tomlin S, et al. Alpha adrenergic stimulation of corticotropin secretion by a specific central mechanism in man. Neuroendocrinology 1987;45:68-76
    • (1987) Neuroendocrinology , vol.45 , pp. 68-76
    • Al-Damluji, S.1    Perry, L.2    Tomlin, S.3
  • 73
    • 0027514170 scopus 로고
    • Alprazolam blocks the naloxone-stimulated hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis in man
    • Torpy DJ, Grice JE, Hockings GI, et al. Alprazolam blocks the naloxone-stimulated hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis in man. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1993;76:388-391
    • (1993) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.76 , pp. 388-391
    • Torpy, D.J.1    Grice, J.E.2    Hockings, G.I.3
  • 74
    • 0020552831 scopus 로고
    • Differential effects of opiate peptides and alkaloids on anterior pituitary hormone secretion
    • Delitala G, Grossman A, Besser GM. Differential effects of opiate peptides and alkaloids on anterior pituitary hormone secretion. Neuroendocrinology 1983;37:275-279
    • (1983) Neuroendocrinology , vol.37 , pp. 275-279
    • Delitala, G.1    Grossman, A.2    Besser, G.M.3
  • 75
    • 0343629734 scopus 로고
    • The neuroendocrine control of corticotropin secretion in normal humans and in Cushing's disease
    • Collu R, Brown GM, Van Loon GR, eds. Oxford, Blackwell Press
    • Al-Damluji S, Rees LH. The neuroendocrine control of corticotropin secretion in normal humans and in Cushing's disease. In: Collu R, Brown GM, Van Loon GR, eds. Clinical neuroendocrinology. Oxford, Blackwell Press, 1988; 251-286
    • (1988) Clinical Neuroendocrinology , pp. 251-286
    • Al-Damluji, S.1    Rees, L.H.2
  • 76
    • 0022652151 scopus 로고
    • Electron microscopic analysis of tyrosine hydroxylase, dopamine-β-hydroxylase and phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase immunoreactive innervation of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus in the rat
    • Liposits Z, Phelix C, Paull WK. Electron microscopic analysis of tyrosine hydroxylase, dopamine-β-hydroxylase and phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase immunoreactive innervation of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus in the rat. Histochemistry 1986;84:105-120
    • (1986) Histochemistry , vol.84 , pp. 105-120
    • Liposits, Z.1    Phelix, C.2    Paull, W.K.3
  • 77
    • 0020510357 scopus 로고
    • Corticotropin-releasing factor immunoreactivity is widely distributed within the central nervous system of the rat: An immunohistochemical study
    • Cummings S, Elde R, Ells J, Lindall A. Corticotropin-releasing factor immunoreactivity is widely distributed within the central nervous system of the rat: an immunohistochemical study. J Neurosci 1983;3:1355-1368
    • (1983) J Neurosci , vol.3 , pp. 1355-1368
    • Cummings, S.1    Elde, R.2    Ells, J.3    Lindall, A.4
  • 78
    • 0028179006 scopus 로고
    • Lymphocyte responses and cytokines
    • Paul WE, Seder RA. Lymphocyte responses and cytokines. Cell 1994;76:241-251
    • (1994) Cell , vol.76 , pp. 241-251
    • Paul, W.E.1    Seder, R.A.2
  • 79
    • 0029928417 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The expanding universe of T-cell subsets: Th1, Th2 and more
    • Mosmann TR, Sad S. The expanding universe of T-cell subsets: Th1, Th2 and more. Immunol Today 1996;17: 138-146
    • (1996) Immunol Today , vol.17 , pp. 138-146
    • Mosmann, T.R.1    Sad, S.2
  • 80
    • 0030227883 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of glucocorticoids and catecholamines on human interleukin-12 and interleukin-10 production: Implications for the effect of stress on immunity and the Th1/Th2 balance
    • Elenkov IJ, Papanicolaou DA, Wilder RL, Chrousos GP. Effects of glucocorticoids and catecholamines on human interleukin-12 and interleukin-10 production: implications for the effect of stress on immunity and the Th1/Th2 balance. Proc Assoc Am Physicians 1996;108:374-381
    • (1996) Proc Assoc am Physicians , vol.108 , pp. 374-381
    • Elenkov, I.J.1    Papanicolaou, D.A.2    Wilder, R.L.3    Chrousos, G.P.4
  • 81
    • 0029862676 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can stress cause disease? Revisiting the tuberculosis research of Thomas Holmes 1949-1961
    • Lemer BH. Can stress cause disease? Revisiting the tuberculosis research of Thomas Holmes 1949-1961. Ann Intern Med 1996;124;673-680
    • (1996) Ann Intern Med , vol.124 , pp. 673-680
    • Lemer, B.H.1
  • 82
    • 0025864320 scopus 로고
    • Psychological stress and the common cold
    • Cohen S, Tyrrell DA, Smith AP. Psychological stress and the common cold. N Engl J Med 1991;325:606-612
    • (1991) N Engl J Med , vol.325 , pp. 606-612
    • Cohen, S.1    Tyrrell, D.A.2    Smith, A.P.3
  • 83
    • 0028933798 scopus 로고
    • Neuroendocrine-immune system interactions and autoimmunity
    • Wilder RL. Neuroendocrine-immune system interactions and autoimmunity. Ann Rev Immunol 1995;13:307-338
    • (1995) Ann Rev Immunol , vol.13 , pp. 307-338
    • Wilder, R.L.1
  • 84
    • 0029037126 scopus 로고
    • The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and immune mediated inflammation
    • Chrousos GP. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and immune mediated inflammation. N Engl J Med 1995; 332:1351-1562
    • (1995) N Engl J Med , vol.332 , pp. 1351-1562
    • Chrousos, G.P.1
  • 85
    • 0029998964 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypothalamic corticotropin releasing hormone suppression during the postpartum period: Implications for the increase of psychiatric manifestations in this period
    • Magiakou MA, Mastorakos G, Rabin D. et al. Hypothalamic corticotropin releasing hormone suppression during the postpartum period: implications for the increase of psychiatric manifestations in this period. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1996;81:1912-1917
    • (1996) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.81 , pp. 1912-1917
    • Magiakou, M.A.1    Mastorakos, G.2    Rabin, D.3
  • 86
    • 0028401929 scopus 로고
    • Rapid increase in plasma IL-6 after hemorrhage, and posthemorrhage reduction of the IL-6 response to LPS in conscious rats: Interrelations with plasma corticosterone levels
    • Kowaki G, Gottschall PE, Somogyvari-Vigh A, et al. Rapid increase in plasma IL-6 after hemorrhage, and posthemorrhage reduction of the IL-6 response to LPS in conscious rats: interrelations with plasma corticosterone levels. Neuroimmunomodulation 1994;1:127-134
    • (1994) Neuroimmunomodulation , vol.1 , pp. 127-134
    • Kowaki, G.1    Gottschall, P.E.2    Somogyvari-Vigh, A.3
  • 87
    • 0025165342 scopus 로고
    • The relation among stress, adrenaline, interleukin 6 and acute phase proteins in the rat
    • van Gool J, van Vugt H, Helle M, Aarden LA. The relation among stress, adrenaline, interleukin 6 and acute phase proteins in the rat. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 1990;57: 200-210
    • (1990) Clin Immunol Immunopathol , vol.57 , pp. 200-210
    • Van Gool, J.1    Van Vugt, H.2    Helle, M.3    Aarden, L.A.4
  • 88
  • 89
    • 0027131202 scopus 로고
    • Recombinant interleukin-6 activates the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal axis in humans
    • Mastorakos G, Chrousos GP, Weber J. Recombinant interleukin-6 activates the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal axis in humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1993;77:1690- 1694
    • (1993) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.77 , pp. 1690-1694
    • Mastorakos, G.1    Chrousos, G.P.2    Weber, J.3
  • 90
    • 0027997814 scopus 로고
    • Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activation and stimulation of vasopressin secretion by recombinant interleukin-6 in humans: Potential implications for the syndrome of inappropriate vasopressin secretion
    • Mastorakos G, Weber JS, Magiakou MA, et al. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activation and stimulation of vasopressin secretion by recombinant interleukin-6 in humans: potential implications for the syndrome of inappropriate vasopressin secretion. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1994; 79:934-939
    • (1994) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.79 , pp. 934-939
    • Mastorakos, G.1    Weber, J.S.2    Magiakou, M.A.3
  • 91
    • 0023640247 scopus 로고
    • Release of multiple hormones by a direct effect of interleukin-1 on pituitary cells
    • Bernton EW, Beach LE, Holaday JW, et al. Release of multiple hormones by a direct effect of interleukin-1 on pituitary cells. Science 1987;238:519-521
    • (1987) Science , vol.238 , pp. 519-521
    • Bernton, E.W.1    Beach, L.E.2    Holaday, J.W.3
  • 92
    • 0024332403 scopus 로고
    • Effects of recombinant interleukin-1α, 1β, -2 and -6 on ACTH synthesis and release in the mouse pituitary tumour cell line AtT-20
    • Fukata J, Usui T, Naitoh Y, et al. Effects of recombinant interleukin-1α, 1β, -2 and -6 on ACTH synthesis and release in the mouse pituitary tumour cell line AtT-20. J Endocrinol 1988;122:33-39
    • (1988) J Endocrinol , vol.122 , pp. 33-39
    • Fukata, J.1    Usui, T.2    Naitoh, Y.3
  • 93
    • 0025016942 scopus 로고
    • Interleukin-6 and ACTH act synergistically to stimulate the release of corticosterone from adrenal gland cells
    • Salas MA, Evans SW, Levell MJ, Whicker JT. Interleukin-6 and ACTH act synergistically to stimulate the release of corticosterone from adrenal gland cells. Clin Exp Immunol 1990;79:470-473
    • (1990) Clin Exp Immunol , vol.79 , pp. 470-473
    • Salas, M.A.1    Evans, S.W.2    Levell, M.J.3    Whicker, J.T.4
  • 95
    • 0027429806 scopus 로고
    • Substance P and neurokinin A induced desensitization to cardiovascular and behavioral effects: Evidence for the involvement of different tachykinin receptors
    • Culman J, Tschope C, Jost N, et al. Substance P and neurokinin A induced desensitization to cardiovascular and behavioral effects: evidence for the involvement of different tachykinin receptors. Brain Res 1993;625:75-83
    • (1993) Brain Res , vol.625 , pp. 75-83
    • Culman, J.1    Tschope, C.2    Jost, N.3
  • 96
    • 0026514254 scopus 로고
    • Substance P: Multifunctional peptide in the hypothalamo-pituitary system?
    • Jessop DS, Chowdrey HS, Larsen PJ, Lightman S. Substance P: multifunctional peptide in the hypothalamo-pituitary system? J Endocrinol 1992;132:331-337
    • (1992) J Endocrinol , vol.132 , pp. 331-337
    • Jessop, D.S.1    Chowdrey, H.S.2    Larsen, P.J.3    Lightman, S.4
  • 97
    • 0027287439 scopus 로고
    • Substance P inhibits the release of anterior pituitary adrenocorticotrophin via a central mechanism involving corticotrophin-releasing factor-containing neurons in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus
    • Larsen PJ, Jessop D, Patel H, et al. Substance P inhibits the release of anterior pituitary adrenocorticotrophin via a central mechanism involving corticotrophin-releasing factor-containing neurons in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus. J Neuroendocrinol 1993;5:99-105
    • (1993) J Neuroendocrinol , vol.5 , pp. 99-105
    • Larsen, P.J.1    Jessop, D.2    Patel, H.3
  • 98
    • 0017358371 scopus 로고
    • Network of immune-neuroendocrine interactions
    • Besedovsky H, Sorkin E. Network of immune-neuroendocrine interactions. Clin Exp Immunol 1977;27:1-12
    • (1977) Clin Exp Immunol , vol.27 , pp. 1-12
    • Besedovsky, H.1    Sorkin, E.2
  • 99
    • 0017819983 scopus 로고
    • Corticosteroid-induced lymphopenia, immunosuppression and body defense
    • Craddock CG. Corticosteroid-induced lymphopenia, immunosuppression and body defense. Ann Intern Med 1978; 88:564-566
    • (1978) Ann Intern Med , vol.88 , pp. 564-566
    • Craddock, C.G.1
  • 100
    • 0026557538 scopus 로고
    • Neurotransmitter-induced hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis responsiveness is defective in inflammatory disease-susceptible Lewis rats: In vivo and in vitro studies suggesting globally defective hypothalamic secretion of corticotropin-releasing hormone
    • Calogero AE, Stemberg EM, Bagdy G, et al. Neurotransmitter-induced hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis responsiveness is defective in inflammatory disease-susceptible Lewis rats: in vivo and in vitro studies suggesting globally defective hypothalamic secretion of corticotropin-releasing hormone. Neuroendocrinology 1992;55:600-608
    • (1992) Neuroendocrinology , vol.55 , pp. 600-608
    • Calogero, A.E.1    Stemberg, E.M.2    Bagdy, G.3
  • 101
    • 0026787379 scopus 로고
    • Increased plasma concentrations, hypothalamic output, and in vivo release of arginine vasopressin in inflammatory disease- Prone, hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing hormone- deficient Lewis rats
    • Patchev VK, Kalogeras KT, Zelazowski P, et al. Increased plasma concentrations, hypothalamic output, and in vivo release of arginine vasopressin in inflammatory disease- prone, hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing hormone- deficient Lewis rats. Endocrinology 1992;131:1453-1457
    • (1992) Endocrinology , vol.131 , pp. 1453-1457
    • Patchev, V.K.1    Kalogeras, K.T.2    Zelazowski, P.3
  • 102
    • 0027427524 scopus 로고
    • Immunoendocrine communication via the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis in autoimmune diseases
    • Wick G, Hu Y, Schwarz S, Kroemer G. Immunoendocrine communication via the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis in autoimmune diseases. Endocrine Rev 1993;14:539-563
    • (1993) Endocrine Rev , vol.14 , pp. 539-563
    • Wick, G.1    Hu, Y.2    Schwarz, S.3    Kroemer, G.4
  • 103
    • 0025056550 scopus 로고
    • Adrenal secretion of cortisol in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
    • Neeck G, Federlin K, Graef V, et al. Adrenal secretion of cortisol in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol 1990;17:24-29
    • (1990) J Rheumatol , vol.17 , pp. 24-29
    • Neeck, G.1    Federlin, K.2    Graef, V.3
  • 104
    • 0026591848 scopus 로고
    • Defective hypothalamic response to immune and inflammatory stimuli in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
    • Chikanza IC, Petrou P, Kingsley G. et al. Defective hypothalamic response to immune and inflammatory stimuli in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 1992; 35:1281-1288
    • (1992) Arthritis Rheum , vol.35 , pp. 1281-1288
    • Chikanza, I.C.1    Petrou, P.2    Kingsley, G.3
  • 105
    • 0027267958 scopus 로고
    • Corticotropin-releasing hormone in synovial fluids and tissues of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis
    • Crofford LJ, Sano H, Karalis K, et al. Corticotropin-releasing hormone in synovial fluids and tissues of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. J Immunol 1993; 151:1587-1596
    • (1993) J Immunol , vol.151 , pp. 1587-1596
    • Crofford, L.J.1    Sano, H.2    Karalis, K.3
  • 106
    • 0027096803 scopus 로고
    • Local secretion of corticotropin-releasing hormone in the joints of Lewis rats with inflammatory arthritis
    • Crofford LJ, Sano H, Karalis K, et al. Local secretion of corticotropin-releasing hormone in the joints of Lewis rats with inflammatory arthritis. J Clin Invest 1992;90:2555-2564
    • (1992) J Clin Invest , vol.90 , pp. 2555-2564
    • Crofford, L.J.1    Sano, H.2    Karalis, K.3
  • 107
    • 0029007040 scopus 로고
    • Glucocorticoid and/or glucocorticoid antagonist effects in inflammatory disease-susceptible Lewis rats and inflammatory disease-resistant Fischer rats
    • Karalis K, Crofford L, Wilder RL, Chrousos GP. Glucocorticoid and/or glucocorticoid antagonist effects in inflammatory disease-susceptible Lewis rats and inflammatory disease-resistant Fischer rats. Endocrinology 1995;136: 3107-3112
    • (1995) Endocrinology , vol.136 , pp. 3107-3112
    • Karalis, K.1    Crofford, L.2    Wilder, R.L.3    Chrousos, G.P.4
  • 108
    • 0029127990 scopus 로고
    • Immune corticotropin-releasing hormone is present in the eyes of and promotes experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis in rodents
    • Mastorakos G, Bouzas EA, Silver PB, et al. Immune corticotropin-releasing hormone is present in the eyes of and promotes experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis in rodents. Endocrinology 1995;136:4650-4658
    • (1995) Endocrinology , vol.136 , pp. 4650-4658
    • Mastorakos, G.1    Bouzas, E.A.2    Silver, P.B.3
  • 109
    • 0025934715 scopus 로고
    • Autocrine or paracrine inflammatory actions of corticotropin-releasing hormone in vivo
    • Karalis K, Sano H, Redwine J. Autocrine or paracrine inflammatory actions of corticotropin-releasing hormone in vivo. Science 1991;254:421-423
    • (1991) Science , vol.254 , pp. 421-423
    • Karalis, K.1    Sano, H.2    Redwine, J.3
  • 110
    • 0028080802 scopus 로고
    • Presence of immunoreactive corticotropin releasing hormone in thyroid lesions
    • Scopa CD, Mastorakos G, Friedman TC, et al. Presence of immunoreactive corticotropin releasing hormone in thyroid lesions. Am J Pathol 1994;145:1159-1167
    • (1994) Am J Pathol , vol.145 , pp. 1159-1167
    • Scopa, C.D.1    Mastorakos, G.2    Friedman, T.C.3
  • 111
    • 0020533349 scopus 로고
    • Sex hormone effects on the severity of streptococcal wall-induced polyarthritis in the rat
    • Allen JB, Blatter D, Calandra GB, Wilder RL. Sex hormone effects on the severity of streptococcal wall-induced polyarthritis in the rat. Arth Rheum 1983;26:560-563
    • (1983) Arth Rheum , vol.26 , pp. 560-563
    • Allen, J.B.1    Blatter, D.2    Calandra, G.B.3    Wilder, R.L.4
  • 112
    • 0028800904 scopus 로고
    • From stress to cognition
    • Lightman SL. From stress to cognition. Nature 1995; 378:233-234
    • (1995) Nature , vol.378 , pp. 233-234
    • Lightman, S.L.1
  • 113
    • 0027931453 scopus 로고
    • Hormonal regulation of human corticotropin-releasing hormone gene expression: Implications for the stress response and immune/inflammatory reaction
    • Vamvakopoulos NC, Chrousos GP. Hormonal regulation of human corticotropin-releasing hormone gene expression: implications for the stress response and immune/inflammatory reaction. Endocrine Rev 1994;15:409-420
    • (1994) Endocrine Rev , vol.15 , pp. 409-420
    • Vamvakopoulos, N.C.1    Chrousos, G.P.2
  • 114
    • 0024160631 scopus 로고
    • Gonadal regulation of corticotropin releasing factor in hypothalamus
    • Haas DA, George SR. Gonadal regulation of corticotropin releasing factor in hypothalamus. Brain Res Bull 1988; 20:361-367
    • (1988) Brain Res Bull , vol.20 , pp. 361-367
    • Haas, D.A.1    George, S.R.2
  • 115
    • 0025287054 scopus 로고
    • Corticotropin releasing hormone mRNA is elevated in the afternoon of proestrus in the paravocellular paraventricular nuclei of the female rat
    • Bohler HC Jr, Zoeller RT, King JC, et al. Corticotropin releasing hormone mRNA is elevated in the afternoon of proestrus in the paravocellular paraventricular nuclei of the female rat. Mol Brain Res 1990;8:259-262
    • (1990) Mol Brain Res , vol.8 , pp. 259-262
    • Bohler H.C., Jr.1    Zoeller, R.T.2    King, J.C.3
  • 116
    • 84991030492 scopus 로고
    • Estrogen-induced decrease of glucocorticoid receptor messenger ribonucleic acid concentration in rat anterior pituitary gland
    • Peiffer A, Barden N. Estrogen-induced decrease of glucocorticoid receptor messenger ribonucleic acid concentration in rat anterior pituitary gland. Mol Endocrinol 1987;1: 435-440
    • (1987) Mol Endocrinol , vol.1 , pp. 435-440
    • Peiffer, A.1    Barden, N.2
  • 117
    • 0025316257 scopus 로고
    • Sex difference in glucocorticoid binding in rat pituitary is estrogen dependent
    • Turner BB. Sex difference in glucocorticoid binding in rat pituitary is estrogen dependent. Life Sci 1990;46:1399-1406
    • (1990) Life Sci , vol.46 , pp. 1399-1406
    • Turner, B.B.1
  • 118
    • 0026645220 scopus 로고
    • Sex differences in the binding of type I and type II corticosteroid receptors in rat hippocampus
    • Turner BB. Sex differences in the binding of type I and type II corticosteroid receptors in rat hippocampus. Brain Res 1992;581:229-136
    • (1992) Brain Res , vol.581 , pp. 229-1136
    • Turner, B.B.1
  • 119
    • 0027167672 scopus 로고
    • Reproductive axis suppression in acute illness is related to disease severity
    • Spratt DI, Cox P, Orav J, et al. Reproductive axis suppression in acute illness is related to disease severity. J Clin Endrocrinol Metab 1993;76:1548-1554
    • (1993) J Clin Endrocrinol Metab , vol.76 , pp. 1548-1554
    • Spratt, D.I.1    Cox, P.2    Orav, J.3
  • 120
    • 0021223345 scopus 로고
    • The hypothalamic control of the menstrual cycle and the role of endogenous opioid peptides
    • Ferin M, Van Vugt DA, Wardlaw SL. The hypothalamic control of the menstrual cycle and the role of endogenous opioid peptides. Rec Prog Horm Res 1984;40:441-485
    • (1984) Rec Prog Horm Res , vol.40 , pp. 441-485
    • Ferin, M.1    Van Vugt, D.A.2    Wardlaw, S.L.3
  • 121
    • 0026536665 scopus 로고
    • The concepts of stress and stress system disorders. Overview of physical and behavioral homeostasis
    • Chrousos GP, Gold PW. The concepts of stress and stress system disorders. Overview of physical and behavioral homeostasis. J Am Med Assoc 1992;267:1244-1252
    • (1992) J am Med Assoc , vol.267 , pp. 1244-1252
    • Chrousos, G.P.1    Gold, P.W.2
  • 122
    • 0020580616 scopus 로고
    • Absence of estradiol concentration in cell nuclei of LHRH-immunoreactive neurons
    • Shivers BD, Harlan RE, Morrell JI, Pfaff DW. Absence of estradiol concentration in cell nuclei of LHRH-immunoreactive neurons. Nature 1983;304:345-347
    • (1983) Nature , vol.304 , pp. 345-347
    • Shivers, B.D.1    Harlan, R.E.2    Morrell, J.I.3    Pfaff, D.W.4
  • 123
    • 0000650883 scopus 로고
    • Neuroendocrinology
    • Wilson JD, Foster DW, eds. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders
    • Reichlin S. Neuroendocrinology. In: Wilson JD, Foster DW, eds. Williams textbook of endocrinology, ed. 8. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders, 1992:135-219
    • (1992) Williams Textbook of Endocrinology, Ed. 8 , pp. 135-219
    • Reichlin, S.1
  • 124
    • 0029062892 scopus 로고
    • Changes in adrenal status affect hypothalamic thyrotropin-releasing hormone gene expression in parallel with corticotropin-releasing hormone
    • Kakucska I, Yanping Q, Lechan RM. Changes in adrenal status affect hypothalamic thyrotropin-releasing hormone gene expression in parallel with corticotropin-releasing hormone. Endocrinology 1995;136:2795-2802
    • (1995) Endocrinology , vol.136 , pp. 2795-2802
    • Kakucska, I.1    Yanping, Q.2    Lechan, R.M.3
  • 125
    • 0023796126 scopus 로고
    • Structure of the gene encoding thyrotropin releasing hormone
    • Lee SL, Stewart K, Goodman RH. Structure of the gene encoding thyrotropin releasing hormone. J Biol Chem 1988; 263:16604-16609
    • (1988) J Biol Chem , vol.263 , pp. 16604-16609
    • Lee, S.L.1    Stewart, K.2    Goodman, R.H.3
  • 126
    • 0024532757 scopus 로고
    • A molecular basis for bidirectional communication between the immune and neuroendocrine systems
    • Blalock JE. A molecular basis for bidirectional communication between the immune and neuroendocrine systems. Physiol Rev 1989;69:1-32
    • (1989) Physiol Rev , vol.69 , pp. 1-32
    • Blalock, J.E.1
  • 127
    • 0023695475 scopus 로고
    • Upon-admission adrenal steroidogenesis is adapted to the degree of illness in intensive care unit patients
    • Wade CE, Lindberg JS, Cockrell JI. et al. Upon-admission adrenal steroidogenesis is adapted to the degree of illness in intensive care unit patients. J Clin Endrocrinol Metab 1988;67:223-227
    • (1988) J Clin Endrocrinol Metab , vol.67 , pp. 223-227
    • Wade, C.E.1    Lindberg, J.S.2    Cockrell, J.I.3
  • 128
    • 0029554928 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Severe illness. Neuroendocrinology
    • Reincke M, Lehmann R, Karl M, et al. Severe illness. Neuroendocrinology. Ann NY Acad Sci 1996;771:556-569
    • (1996) Ann NY Acad Sci , vol.771 , pp. 556-569
    • Reincke, M.1    Lehmann, R.2    Karl, M.3
  • 129
    • 0023263030 scopus 로고
    • Spectrum of serum coScarletrtisol response to ACTH in ICU patients: Correlation with degree of illness and mortality
    • Jurney TH, Cockrell JL. Lindherg JS, et al. Spectrum of serum coScarletrtisol response to ACTH in ICU patients: correlation with degree of illness and mortality. Chest 1987;92:292-295
    • (1987) Chest , vol.92 , pp. 292-295
    • Jurney, T.H.1    Cockrell, J.L.2    Lindherg, J.S.3
  • 130
    • 0025674144 scopus 로고
    • The adrenocortical response to brain injury: Correlation with the seventy of neurological dysfunction, effects of intoxication, and patient outcome
    • Woolf PD, Cox C, Nichols D, et al. The adrenocortical response to brain injury: correlation with the seventy of neurological dysfunction, effects of intoxication, and patient outcome. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1990;14:917-921
    • (1990) Alcohol Clin Exp Res , vol.14 , pp. 917-921
    • Woolf, P.D.1    Cox, C.2    Nichols, D.3
  • 132
    • 0023144793 scopus 로고
    • Effect of burn trauma on adrenal and testicular steroid hormone production
    • Lephart ED, Baxter CR, Parker CR, Effect of burn trauma on adrenal and testicular steroid hormone production. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1987;64:842-848
    • (1987) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.64 , pp. 842-848
    • Lephart, E.D.1    Baxter, C.R.2    Parker, C.R.3
  • 133
    • 0025974325 scopus 로고
    • Cortisol response to corticotropin and survival in septic shock
    • Rothwell PM, Uwadia ZF, Lawle PG. Cortisol response to corticotropin and survival in septic shock. Lancet 1991;337: 582-583
    • (1991) Lancet , vol.337 , pp. 582-583
    • Rothwell, P.M.1    Uwadia, Z.F.2    Lawle, P.G.3
  • 134
    • 0023619875 scopus 로고
    • 1987 The cellular actions of vasopressin in corticotrophs of the anterior pituitary: Resistance to glucocorticoid actions
    • Bilezikjian VM, Blount AL, Vale WW. 1987 The cellular actions of vasopressin in corticotrophs of the anterior pituitary: resistance to glucocorticoid actions. Mol Endocrinol 1977;1:451-458
    • (1977) Mol Endocrinol , vol.1 , pp. 451-458
    • Bilezikjian, V.M.1    Blount, A.L.2    Vale, W.W.3
  • 135
    • 0027968587 scopus 로고
    • Multiple sclerosis is associated with alterations in hypothalamic-pituitary- Adrenal function
    • Michelson D, Stone L, Galliven E, et al. Multiple sclerosis is associated with alterations in hypothalamic-pituitary- adrenal function. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1994;79:848-853
    • (1994) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.79 , pp. 848-853
    • Michelson, D.1    Stone, L.2    Galliven, E.3
  • 136
    • 0029090390 scopus 로고
    • Corticosteroid treatment for sepsis: A critical appraisal and meta-analysis of the literature
    • Cronin L, Cook DJ, Carlet J, et al. Corticosteroid treatment for sepsis: a critical appraisal and meta-analysis of the literature. Crit Care Med 1995;23:1430-1439
    • (1995) Crit Care Med , vol.23 , pp. 1430-1439
    • Cronin, L.1    Cook, D.J.2    Carlet, J.3
  • 137
    • 0027299949 scopus 로고
    • Occult hypoadrenalism in critically ill patients
    • Baldwin WA. Allo M. Occult hypoadrenalism in critically ill patients. Arch Surg 1993;128:673-676
    • (1993) Arch Surg , vol.128 , pp. 673-676
    • Baldwin, W.A.1    Allo, M.2
  • 138
    • 0027192931 scopus 로고
    • Transient corticotropin deficiency in critical illness
    • Kidess A, Caplan R, Reynertson R, et al. Transient corticotropin deficiency in critical illness. Mayo Clin Proc 1993;68: 435-441
    • (1993) Mayo Clin Proc , vol.68 , pp. 435-441
    • Kidess, A.1    Caplan, R.2    Reynertson, R.3
  • 139
    • 0027997648 scopus 로고
    • Postoperative acute adrenal failure caused by transient corticotropin deficiency
    • Merry W, Caplan R, Wickus G, et al. Postoperative acute adrenal failure caused by transient corticotropin deficiency. Surgery 1994;116:1095-1100
    • (1994) Surgery , vol.116 , pp. 1095-1100
    • Merry, W.1    Caplan, R.2    Wickus, G.3
  • 140
    • 0027228290 scopus 로고
    • A characterization of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function during and after human cardiac arrest
    • Schultz CH, Rivers EP, Feldkamp CS, et al. A characterization of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function during and after human cardiac arrest. Crit Care Med 1993;21: 1339-1347
    • (1993) Crit Care Med , vol.21 , pp. 1339-1347
    • Schultz, C.H.1    Rivers, E.P.2    Feldkamp, C.S.3
  • 141
    • 0025922666 scopus 로고
    • Abrogation of glucocorticosteroid-mediated inhibition of T cell proliferation by the synergistic action of II-1, 11-6, and IFN-γ
    • Almawi WY, Lipman ML, Stevens AC, et al. Abrogation of glucocorticosteroid-mediated inhibition of T cell proliferation by the synergistic action of II-1, 11-6, and IFN-γ. J Immunol 1991;146:3523-3527
    • (1991) J Immunol , vol.146 , pp. 3523-3527
    • Almawi, W.Y.1    Lipman, M.L.2    Stevens, A.C.3
  • 142
    • 0027242280 scopus 로고
    • Combination IL-2 and IL-4 reduces glucocorticoid receptor binding affinity and T cell response to glucocorticoids
    • Kam JC, Szefler SJ, Surs W, et al. Combination IL-2 and IL-4 reduces glucocorticoid receptor binding affinity and T cell response to glucocorticoids. J Immunol 1993; 151:3460-3466
    • (1993) J Immunol , vol.151 , pp. 3460-3466
    • Kam, J.C.1    Szefler, S.J.2    Surs, W.3
  • 143
    • 0029166231 scopus 로고
    • Temperature- Induced down regulation of the glucocorticoid receptor in peripheral blood mononuclear leucocytes in patients with sepsis or septic shock
    • Molijn GJ, Koper JW, van Uffelen CJ, et al. Temperature- induced down regulation of the glucocorticoid receptor in peripheral blood mononuclear leucocytes in patients with sepsis or septic shock. Clin Endocrinol (Oxford) 1995;43: 197-203
    • (1995) Clin Endocrinol (Oxford) , vol.43 , pp. 197-203
    • Molijn, G.J.1    Koper, J.W.2    Van Uffelen, C.J.3
  • 144
    • 0026586578 scopus 로고
    • Cortisol resistance in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
    • Norbiato G, Bevilacqua M, Vago T, et al. Cortisol resistance in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1992;74:608-613
    • (1992) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.74 , pp. 608-613
    • Norbiato, G.1    Bevilacqua, M.2    Vago, T.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.