Thermal observations of degassing open conduits and fumaroles at Stromboli and Vulcano using remotely sensed data

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research

Volumn 76, Issue 3-4, 1997, Pages 175-198

  Harris, Andrew J L ^a,c   Stevenson, David S ^b  

^a OPEN UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^b MET OFFICE   (United Kingdom)

^c UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII   (United States)

Author keywords

Fumarole; Open conduit; Remote sensing; Stromboli; Vulcano

Indexed keywords

DEGASSING; FUMAROLE; REMOTE SENSING;

ITALY, SICILY, LIPARI ISLANDS, STROMBOLI;

EID: 0030769251     PISSN: 03770273     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0377-0273(96)00097-2     Document Type: Article

References (118)

1. Abbruzzese, D., 1937. L'attivita dello Stromboli dal 1934 al 1936. Bull Volcanol., 2: 205-210.
2. Abbruzzese, D., 1940. L'attivita dello Stromboli dal 1937 al giugno 1939. Bull. Volcanol., 7: 57-66.
3. Abrams, M., Buongiorno, F., Realmuto, V. and Pieri, D., 1994. Mt. Etna lava flows analyzed with remote sensing. EOS, 75: 548-551.
4. Allard, P., Carbonelle, J., Metrich, N., Loyer, H. and Zettwoog, P., 1994. Sulphur output and magma degassing budget of Stromboli volcano. Nature, 368: 326-330.
5. Andres, R.J. and Rose, W.I., 1995. Description of thermal anomalies in two active Guatemalan volcanoes using Landsat thematic mapper imagery. Photogram. Eng. Remote Sensing, 61: 775-782.
6. Arnaud, N.D., 1988. Stromboli: a morphological study 1984-1988. In: Proc. Kagoshima International Conference on Volcanoes, Kagoshima, 19-23 July 1988.
7. Barberi, F., Neri, G., Valenza, M. and Villari, L., 1991. 1987-1990 unrest at Vulcano. Acta Vulcanol., 1: 95-106.
8. Barberi, F., Rosi, M. and Sodi, A., 1993. Volcanic hazard assessment at Stromboli based on review of historical data. Acta Vulcanol., 3: 173-187.
9. Bianchi, R., Casacchia, R., Coradini, A., Duncan, A.M., Guest, J.E., Kahle, A., Lanciano, P., Pieri, D.C. and Poscolieri, M., 1990. Remote sensing of Italian volcanoes. EOS, 71: 1780-1791.
10. Birnie, R.W., 1973. Infrared radiation thermometry of Guatemalan volcanoes. Bull. Volcanol., 37: 1-36.
11. Bolognesi, L. and D'Amore, F., 1993. Isotopic variation of the hydrothermal system on Vulcano Island, Italy. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 57: 2069-2082.
12. Bonneville, A., Vasseur, G. and Kerr, Y., 1985. Satellite thermal infrared observations of Mt. Etna after the 17th March 1981 eruption. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 24: 293-313.
13. Brivio, P.A. and Tomasoni, R., 1980. Thermal infrared continuous ground measurements in severe environment: a working data collection system. In: Proc. 14th Int. Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment, Ann Arbor, MI, 23-30 April 1980, Vol. 3, pp. 1731-1740.
14. 2 flux COSPEC measurements (Vulcano). Acta Vulcanol., 6: 32.
15. Bullard, F.M., 1954. Activity of Stromboli in June and December 1952. Bull. Volcanol., 15: 91-98.
16. Capaldi, G., Guerra, I., Lo Bascio, A., Luongo, G., Pece, R., Rapolla, A., Scarpa, R., Del Pezzo, E., Martini, M., Ghiara, M.R., Lirer, L., Munno, R. and La Volpe, L., 1978. Stromboli and its 1975 eruption. Bull Volcanol., 41: 259-285.
17. Capasso, G., Inguaggiato, S., Nuccio, P.M., Pecoraino, G. and Sortino, F., 1994. Chemical variations in the fumarolic gases of La Fossa di Vulcano crater. Acta Vulcanol., 6: 41-43.
18. Carapezza, M., Nuccio, P.M. and Valenza, M., 1981. Genesis and evolution of the fumaroles of Vulcano (Aeolian Islands, Italy): a geochemical model. Bull. Volcanol., 44: 547-563.
19. Chiodini, G., Cioni, R., Falsaperla, S., Monalto, A., Guidi, M. and Marini, L., 1992. Geochemical and seismological investigations at Vulcano (Aeolian Islands) during 1978-1989. J. Geophys. Res., 97: 11,025-11,032.
20. Chiodini, G., Cioni, R., Marini, L., Panichi, C., Raco, B. and Taddeucci, G., 1994. Fumarolic gases geochemistry (Vulcano). Acta Vulcanol., 6: 43-46.
21. Chiodini, G., Cioni, R., Marini, L. and Panichi, C., 1995. Origin of the fumarolic fluids of Vulcano Island, Italy, and implications for volcano surveillance. Bull. Volcanol., 57: 99-110.
22. Chouet, B., Hamisevicz, N. and McGetchin, T.R., 1974. Photoballistics of volcanic jet activity at Stromboli, Italy. J. Geophys. Res., 79: 4961-4976.
23. Cioni, R. and D'Amore, F., 1984. A genetic model for the crater fumaroles of Vulcano Island (Sicily, Italy). Geothermics, 13: 375-384.
24. Clocchiatti, R., Del Moro, A., Giocada, A., Joron, J.L., Mosbah, M., Pinarelli, L. and Sbrana, A., 1994. Assessment of a shallow magmatic system: the 1880-90 eruption, Vulcano Island, Italy. Bull. Volcanol., 56: 466-486.
25. Coniglio, S. and Dobran, F., 1995. Simulations of magma ascent and pyroclast dispersal at Vulcano (Aeolian Islands, Italy). J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 65: 297-317.
26. Connor, C.B., Clement, B.M., Xiaodan, S., Lane, S.B. and West-Thomas, J., 1993. Continuous monitoring of high-temperature fumaroles on an active lava dome, Volcan Colima, Mexico: evidence of mass flow variation in response to atmospheric forcing. J. Geophys. Res., 98: 19,713-19,722.
27. De Quervain, F. and Streckeisen, A., 1927. Observations sur le Stromboli. Bull. Volcanol., 1: 74-82.
28. Dozier, J., 1981. A method for satellite identification of surface temperature fields of subpixel resolution. Remote Sensing of Environment, 11: 221-229.
29. Falsaperla, S., Frazzetta, G., Neri, G., Velardita, R. and Villari, L., 1989. Volcano monitoring in the Aeolian Islands (southern Tyrrhenian Sea): The Lipari-Vulcano eruptive complex. In: J.H. Latter (Editor), IAVCEI Proceedings in Volcanology 1: Volcanic Hazards. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 337-356.
30. Faraone, D., Silvano, A. and Verdiani, G., 1986. The monzogabbroic intrusion in the island of Vulcano, Aeolian Archipelago, Italy. Bull. Volcanol., 48: 299-307.
31. Flynn, L.P., Mouginis-Mark, P.J., Gradie, J.C. and Lucey, P.G., 1993. Radiative temperature measurements at Kupaianaha lava lake, Kilauea volcano, Hawaii. J. Geophys. Res., 98: 6461-6476.
32. Flynn, L.P., Mouginis-Mark, P.J. and Horton, K.A., 1994. Distribution of thermal areas on an active lava flow field: Landsat observations of Kilauea, Hawaii, July 1991. Bull. Volcanol., 56: 284-296.
33. Francis, P.W., 1979. Infra-red techniques for volcano monitoring and predication - a review. J. Geol. Soc. Lond., 136: 355-359.
34. Francis, P., Oppenheimer, C. and Stevenson, D., 1993. Endogenous growth of persistently active volcanoes. Nature, 366: 554-557.
35. Frazzetta, G. and La Volpe, L., 1991. Volcanic history and maximum expected eruption at La Fossa di Vulcano (Aeolian Islands, Italy). Acta Vulcanol., 1: 107-113.
36. Frazzetta, G., Gilot, P.Y., La Volpe, L. and Sheridan, M.F., 1984. Volcanic hazards at Fossa of Vulcano: data from the last 6000 years. Bull. Volcanol., 47: 105-124.
37. Frazzetta, G., La Volpe, L. and Sheridan, M.F., 1983. Evolution of the Fossa cone, Vulcano. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 17: 329-360.
38. Gaonac'h, H., Vandemeulebrouck, J., Stix, J. and Halbwachs, M., 1994. Thermal infrared satellite measurements of volcanic activity at Stromboli and Vulcano. J. Geophys. Res., 99: 9477-9485.
39. Gawarecki, S.J., Moxham, R.M. and Morgan, J.O., 1980. An infrared survey of Irazu volcano and vicinity, Costa Rica. In: Proc. 14th Int. Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment, Ann Arbor, MI, 23-30 April 1980, 3: 1901-1906.
40. Giberti, G., Jaupart, C. and Sartoris, G., 1992. Steady-state operation of Stromboli volcano, Italy: constraints on the feeding system. Bull. Volcanol., 54: 535-541.
41. GVN, 1990a. Kelut. Smithsonian Institution Global Volcanism Network Bull., 15(1): 2-3.
42. GVN, 1990b. Stromboli. Smithsonian Institution Global Volcanism Network Bull., 15(4): 16.
43. GVN, 1991a. Stromboli. Smithsonian Institution Global Volcanism Network Bull., 16(6): 14.
44. GVN, 1991b. Stromboli. Smithsonian Institution Global Volcanism Network Bull., 16(7): 18.
45. GVN, 1991c. Stromboli. Smithsonian Institution Global Volcanism Network Bull., 16(8): 13.
46. GVN, 1991d. Stromboli. Smithsonian Institution Global Volcanism Network Bull., 16(9): 10-11.
47. GVN, 1993a. Stromboli, Smithsonian Institution Global Volcanism Network Bull., 18(4): 13-14.
48. GVN, 1993b. Stromboli. Smithsonian Institution Global Volcanism Network Bull., 18(10): 6-7.
49. GVN, 1994a. Stromboli. Smithsonian Institution Global Volcanism Network Bull., 19(3): 5-7.
50. GVN, 1994b. Stromboli. Smithsonian Institution Global Volcanism Network Bull., 19(6): 3-4.
51. GVN, 1994c. Stromboli. Smithsonian Institution Global Volcanism Network Bull., 19(10): 13-16.
52. GVN, 1995a. Stromboli. Smithsonian Institution Global Volcanism Network Bull., 20(4).
53. GVN, 1995b. Stromboli. Smithsonian Institution Global Volcanism Network Bull., 20(5).
54. GVN, 1995c. Stromboli. Smithsonian Institution Global Volcanism Network Bull., 20(11/12).
55. Harris, A.J.L. and Stevenson D.S., 1996. Defining the magmatic systems at Vulcano and Stromboli volcanoes. In: A.J.L. Harris (Editor), Low Resolution Thermal Monitoring of Volcanoes from Space. PhD thesis (Open University, UK): 305-315.
56. Harris, A.J.L., Rothery, D.A., Carlton, R.W., Langaas, S. and Mannstein, M., 1995a. Non-zero saturation of AVHRR thermal channels over high temperature targets: evidence from volcano data and a possible explanation. Int. J. Remote Sensing, 16, 189-196.
57. Harris, A.J.L., Swabey, S.E.J. and Higgins, J., 1995b. Automated thresholding of active lavas using AVHRR data. Int. J. Remote Sensing, 16: 3681-3686.
58. Harris, A.J.L., Vaughan, R.A. and Rothery, D.A., 1995c. Volcano detection and monitoring using AVHRR data: the Krafla eruption, 1984. Int. J. Remote Sensing, 16: 1001-1020.
59. Harris, A.J.L., Stevens, N.F., Maciejewski, A.J.H. and Röllin, P.J., 1996. Thermal evidence for linked vents at Stromboli. Acta Vulcanol., 8: 57-61.
60. Holman, J.P., 1992. Heat Transfer. McGraw-Hill, London, 713 pp.
61. Italiano, F. and Nuccio, P.M., 1992. Volcanic steam output directly measured in fumaroles: the observed variations at Vulcano Island, Italy, between 1983 and 1987. Bull. Volcanol., 54: 623-630.
62. Italiano, F., Nuccio, P.M. and Valenza, M., 1984. Geothermal energy and mass release at Vulcano, Aeolian Island, Italy. Rend. Soc. Ital. Min. Petrol., 39: 379-386.
63. Italiano, F., Nuccio, P.M. and Pecoraino, G., 1994. Fumarolic gas output at La Fossa di Vulcano crater. Acta Vulcanol., 6: 39-40.
64. Kays, W.M. and Crawford, M.E., 1980. Convective Heat and Mass Transfer. McGraw-Hill, London, 420 pp.
65. Keller, J., 1980. The island of Vulcano. Rend. Soc. Ital. Min. Petrol., 36: 369-414.
66. Kidwell, K.B., 1995. NOAA polar orbiter data users guide. NOAA/NESDIS, Washington D.C.
67. Kieffer, H.H., Frank, D. and Friedman, J.D., 1981. Thermal infrared surveys of Mount St. Helens - observations prior to the eruption of May 18. In: P.W. Lipman and D.R. Mullineaux (Editors), The 1980 Eruptions of Mount St. Helens, Washington. U.S. Geol. Surv., Prof. Pap., 1250: 257-277.
68. Kneizys, F.X., Shettle, E.P., Gallery, W.O., Chetwynd, Jr., J.H., Abreu, L.W., Selby, J.E.A., Clough, S.A. and Fenn, R.W., 1983. Atmospheric transmittance/radiance: computer code LOWTRAN 6. Air Force Geophysics Laboratory, Environmental Research Paper 846, Hanscom AFB, MA.
69. Kokelaar, P. and Romagnoli, C., 1995. Sector collapse, sedimentation and clast population evolution at an active island-arc volcano: Stromboli, Italy. Bull. Volcanol., 57: 240-262.
70. Korzhinsky, M.A., Tkachenko, S.I., Shmulovich, K.I., Taran, Y.A. and Steinberg, G.S., 1994. Discovery of a pure rhenium mineral at Kudriavy volcano. Nature, 369: 51-52.
71. Lauritson, L., Nelson, G.J. and Porto, F.W., 1988. Data extraction and calibration of TIROS-N/NOAA radiometers. NOAA Tech. Memo NESS 107, Washington D.C.
72. Markham, B.L. and Barker, J.L., 1986. Landsat MSS and TM post-calibration dynamic ranges, exoatmosphere reflectances and at-satellite temperatures. EOSAT Landsat Tech. Note, Lanham, August 1986, pp. 3-8.
73. Markham, B.L. and Barker, J.L., 1987. Thematic Mapper band-pass solar exoatmospheric irradiances. Int. J. Remote Sensing, 8: 517-523.
74. Martini, M., 1986. Thermal activity and ground deformation at Phlegrean Fields, Italy: precursors of eruptions or fluctuations of quiescent volcanism? A contribution of geochemical studies. J. Geophys. Res., 91: 12,255-12,260.
75. Martini, M., Piccardi, G. and Legittimo, P.C., 1980. Geochemical surveillance of active volcanoes: data on the fumaroles of Vulcano (Aeolian Islands, Italy). Bull. Volcanol., 43: 255-263.
76. Mazor, E., Cioni, R., Corazza, E., Fratta, M., Magro, G., Matsuo, S., Hirabayashi, J., Shinohara, H., Martini, M., Paccardi, G. and Cellini-Legittimo, P., 1988. Evolution of fumarolic gases - boundary conditions set by measured parameters: case study at Vulcano, Italy. Bull. Volcanol., 50: 71-85.
77. McGetchin, T.R. and Chouet, B.A., 1979. Energy budget of the volcano Stromboli, Italy. Geophys. Res. Lett., 6: 317-320.
78. Menyailov, I.A., 1975. Prediction of eruptions using changes in composition of volcanic gases. Bull. Volcanol., 39: 112-125.
79. Menyailov, I.A., Nikitina, L.P., Shapar, V.N. and Pilipenko, V.P., 1986. Temperature increase and chemical change of fumarolic gases at Momotombo volcano, Nicaragua, in 1982-1985: are these indicators of a possible eruption? J. Geophys. Res., 91: 12,199-12,214.
80. Mongillo, M.A. and Wood, C.P., 1995. Thermal infrared mapping of White Island volcano, New Zealand. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 69: 59-71.
81. Moxham, R.M., 1967. Changes in surface temperature at Taal volcano, Philippines, 1965-1966. Bull. Volcanol., 31: 215-234.
82. Moxham, R.M., 1971. Thermal surveillance of volcanoes. In: The Surveillance and Prediction of Volcanic Activity. UNESCO, Paris, pp. 103-124.
83. Moxham, R.M., Boynton, G.R. and Cote, C.E., 1972. Satellite telemetry of fumarole temperatures, Mount Rainier, Washington. Bull. Volcanol., 36: 191-199.
84. Naboko, S.I., 1960. Change in the fumarole regime of Kliuchevsky volcano. Bull. Volcanol., 23: 135-140.
85. Nappi, G., 1976. Recent activity at Stromboli. Nature, 261: 119-120.
86. Nappi, G. and Renzulli, A., 1989. Stromboli. Bull. Volcanic Eruptions, 26: 1-3.
87. NASA, 1976. U.S. standard atmosphere, 1976. US Government Printing Office, Washington DC.
88. NASA/AMES, 1991. Airborne Thematic Mapper Simulator tape format. NASA/AMES Tech. Note, Moffett Field, CA, September 1991.
89. Neuberg, J., Luckett, R., Ripepe, M. and Braun, T., 1994. Highlights from a seismic broadband array on Stromboli volcano. Geophys. Res. Lett., 21: 749-752.
90. Ntepe, N. and Dorel, J., 1990. Observations of seismic volcanic signals at Stromboli volcano (Italy). J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 43: 235-251.
91. Oppenheimer, C., 1993. Thermal distributions of hot volcanic surfaces constrained using three infrared bands of remote sensing data. Geophys. Res. Lett., 20: 431-434.
92. Oppenheimer, C.M.M. and Rothery, D.A., 1989. Infrared remote sensing of hot volcanoes assessed by field observations. In: Proc. 15th Annual Conference of the Remote Sensing Society, Bristol, U.K., 13-15 September 1989, pp. 317-322.
93. Oppenheimer, C.M.M. and Rothery, D.A., 1991. Infrared monitoring of volcanoes by satellite. J. Geol. Soc. Lond., 148: 563-569.
94. Oppenheimer, C., Rothery, D.A., Pieri, D.C., Abrams, M.J. and Carrere, V., 1993. Analysis of Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) data of volcanic hot spots. Int. J. Remote Sensing, 14: 2919-2934.
95. Pieri, D.C., Glaze, L.S. and Abrams, M.J., 1990. Thermal raidance observations of an active lava flow during the June 1984 eruption of Mount Etna. Geology, 18: 1018-1022.
96. Rothery, D.A., Borgia, A., Carlton, R.W. and Oppenheimer, C., 1992. The 1992 Etna lava flow imaged by Landsat TM. Int. J. Remote Sensing, 13: 2759-2763.
97. Rothery, D.A., Oppenheimer, C. and Bonneville, A., 1995. Infrared thermal monitoring. In: B. Mcquire, C.R.J. Kilburn and J. Murray (Editors), Monitoring Active Volcanoes. UCL Press, London, pp. 184-216.
98. Ripepe, M. and Braun, T., 1994. Air-wave phases in Strombolian explosion-quake seismographs: a possible indicator for the magma level? Acta Vulcanol., 5: 201-206.
99. Rosi, M., 1980. The island of Stromboli. Rend. Soc. Ital. Min. Petrol., 36: 345-368.
100. Rosi, M. and Sbrana, A., 1988. Stromboli. Bull. Volcanic Eruptions, 25: 7-8.
101. Salisbury, J.W. and D'Aria, D.M., 1992. Emissivity of terrestrial materials in the 8-14 μm atmospheric window. Remote Sensing of Environment, 42: 83-106.
102. Schick, R. and Mueller, W., 1988. Volcanic activity and eruption sequences at Stromboli during 1983-1984. In: C.-Y. King and R. Scarpa (Editors), Modelling of Volcanic Processes. Fr. Vieweg and Son, Wiesbaden, pp. 120-139.
103. SEAN, 1989. Stromboli. Smithsonian Institution Scientific Alert Network Bull., 14(3): 4.
104. Sekioka, M. and Yuhara, K., 1974. Heat flux estimation in geothermal areas based on the heat balance of the ground surface. J. Geophys. Res., 79: 2053-2058.
105. Settle, M. and McGetchin, T.R., 1980. Statistical analysis of persistent explosive activity at Stromboli, 1971: implications for eruption prediction. J. Volcano!. Geotherm. Res., 8: 45-58.
106. Sheridan, M.F. and Malin, M.C., 1983. Application of computer-assisted mapping to volcanic hazard evaluation of surge eruptions: Vulcano, Lipari, and Vesuvius. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 17: 187-202.
107. Sicardi, L., 1940. Il recente ciclo dell' attivita fumarolica dell' isola di Vulcano. Bull. Volcanol., 7: 85-139.
108. Singh, S.M., 1984. Removal of atmospheric effects on a pixel by pixel basis from the thermal infrared data from instruments on satellites. The Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR). Int. J. Remote Sensing, 5: 161-183.
109. Singh, S.M. and Warren, D.E., 1983. Sea surface temperatures from infrared measurements. In: A.P. Cracknell (Editor), Remote Sensing Applications in Marine Science and Technology. D. Reidel, Dordrecht, pp. 231-261.
110. Stevenson, D.S., 1993. Physical models of fumarolic flow. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 57: 139-156.
111. Suwa, A. and Tanaka, Y., 1959. The changes in the temperatures of the fumaroles in the crater of Miharayama, Oshima, in connection with the activities of the volcano. Bull. Volcanol. Soc. Jpn., 3: 107-118.
112. Tabbagh, A., Tabbagh, J. and Dechambenoy, C., 1987. Mapping of the surface temperature of Mount Etna and Vulcano using an airborne scanner radiometer. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 34: 79-88.
113. Taran, Y.A., Hedenquist, J.W., Korzhinsky, M.A., Tkachenko, S.I. and Shmulovich, 1995. Geochemistry of magmatic gases from Kudriavy volcano, Kuril Islands. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 59: 1749-1761.
114. Tedesco, D., Toutain, J.P., Allard, P. and Losno, R., 1991. Chemical variations in fumarolic gases at Vulcano Island (Southern Italy): seasonal and volcanic effects. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 45: 325-334.
115. Tedesco, D., Miele, G., Sano, Y. and Toutain, J.P., 1995. Helium isotopic ratio in Vulcano island fumaroles: temporal variations in shallow level mixing and deep magmatic supply. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 64: 117-128.
116. Washington, H.S., 1917. Persistence of vents at Stromboli and its bearing on volcanic mechanism. Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., 28: 249-278.
117. Weinreb, M.P., Hamilton, G., Brown, S. and Koczor, R.J., 1990. Nonlinearity corrections in calibration of Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer infrared channels. J. Geophys. Res., 95: 7381-7388.
118. Zettwoog, P. and Tazieff, H., 1972. Instrumentation for measuring and recording mass and energy transfer from volcanoes to atmosphere. Bull. Volcanol., 26: 1-19.