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Volumn 278, Issue 5335, 1997, Pages 47-52

Interpreting dutch cannabis policy: Reasoning by analogy in the legalization debate

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; CANNABIS ADDICTION; DENMARK; DRUG LEGISLATION; GERMANY; HUMAN; LEGAL ASPECT; NETHERLANDS; NORWAY; POLICY; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; UNITED STATES;

EID: 0030768101     PISSN: 00368075     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1126/science.278.5335.47     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (115)

References (58)
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    • Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse (Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD, various years). See also http://www. health.org/pubs/95hhs/app5.htm.
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  • 8
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    • General Accounting Office (GAO), Drug Control, T-GGD-97-7 (GAO, Washington, DC, 1997).
    • (1997) Drug Control
  • 23
    • 0006180747 scopus 로고
    • Rijswijk, Netherlands
    • Ministry of Foreign Affairs; Ministry of Health, Welfare, and Sport; Ministry of Justice; Ministry of the Interior, Drugs Policy in the Netherlands: Continuity and Change (Rijswijk, Netherlands, 1995). See also Ministry of Justice fact sheet, Dutch Drugs Policy (http://www.minjust.nl:8080/a_beleid/fact/cfact7.htm).
    • (1995) Drugs Policy in the Netherlands: Continuity and Change
  • 24
    • 1842314809 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ministry of Foreign Affairs; Ministry of Health, Welfare, and Sport; Ministry of Justice; Ministry of the Interior, Drugs Policy in the Netherlands: Continuity and Change (Rijswijk, Netherlands, 1995). See also Ministry of Justice fact sheet, Dutch Drugs Policy (http://www.minjust.nl:8080/a_beleid/fact/cfact7.htm).
    • Dutch Drugs Policy
  • 26
    • 0003916599 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CEDRO, Amsterdam
    • E. Leuw, in Between Prohibition and Legalization: The Dutch Experiment in Drug Policy, E. Leuw and I. H. Marshall, Eds. (Kugler, Amsterdam, 1994), p. 23; P. Cohen and A. Sas, Cannabis Use in Amsterdam (CEDRO, Amsterdam, 1997).
    • (1997) Cannabis Use in Amsterdam
    • Cohen, P.1    Sas, A.2
  • 27
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    • The 1995 revisions to the policy were announced in a press release on 18 September 1996 by the Public Prosecution Service; see http://www.om.nl.com/ OM/engels/pressreleases/pres1809.htm.
  • 30
    • 1842310996 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • D. J. Kraan, in (24), p. 283
    • D. J. Kraan, in (24), p. 283; P. Cohen, University of Amsterdam, personal communication.
  • 31
    • 1842351346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • University of Amsterdam, personal communication
    • D. J. Kraan, in (24), p. 283; P. Cohen, University of Amsterdam, personal communication.
    • Cohen, P.1
  • 32
    • 1842282314 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • D. Korf and H. Riper, Eds. (SISWO, Amsterdam, in press)
    • M. P. S. Langemeijer, in Illicit Drugs in Europe, D. Korf and H. Riper, Eds. (SISWO, Amsterdam, in press).
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    • Langemeijer, M.P.S.1
  • 33
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    • note
    • Past month or past year prevalence estimates would be more informative but are scarce, especially before 1986.
  • 39
    • 1842278399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • This impression is attenuated rather than enhanced by the multivariate analysis that produced the trend line in Fig. 1. If anything, the individual survey points depict a more dramatic decline, apparently attributable in part to methodological differences across surveys over time.
  • 40
    • 1842310073 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • In the Second United Nations Survey of Crime Trends, the Dutch government reported 2782 drug arrests in 1975, 3643 in 1976, and 3585 in 1977 (Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Branch, United Nations, Vienna, 1981). These figures do not distinguish among type of arrests (cannabis versus other drugs, possession versus distribution) and reflect both changes in enforcement and changes in drug prevalence.
  • 41
    • 1842391058 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Norwegian Directorate for the Prevention of Alcohol and Drug Problems, May
    • Norwegian Ministry of Health and Social Affairs, New Trends in Drug Abuse in Norway (Norwegian Directorate for the Prevention of Alcohol and Drug Problems, May 1997). See http://odin.dep.no/shd/publ/ drugs/drugs.html#1.
    • (1997) New Trends in Drug Abuse in Norway
  • 44
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    • L. D. Johnston, P. M. O'Malley, J. G. Bachman, Marijuana Decriminalization: The Impact on Youth, 1975-1980 (Institute for Social Research, Ann Arbor, MI, 1981); E. Single, J. Public Health Policy 10, 456 (1989).
    • (1989) J. Public Health Policy , vol.10 , pp. 456
    • Single, E.1
  • 47
    • 1842320565 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • Unpublished estimate from analysis of the 1993 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, provided by S. Everingham and E. Chen of the RAND Corporation.
  • 48
    • 1842394020 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • Specifically, P(cocaine|∼marijuana) = [P(cocaine) -P(cocaine|marijuana) × P(marijuana)]/P(∼marijuana) = (0.06 - 0.22 × 0.28)/0.72 = 0.00 within rounding error.
  • 58
    • 1842284289 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • The research reported here was supported by a grant from the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation to RAND's Drug Policy Research Center. Our arguments are developed in greater detail (46). We thank J. Caulkins, P. Cohen, P. Cook, M. Farrell, M. Feinleib, M. Kleiman, and F. Zimring for helpful comments, and B. Kilmer for research assistance.


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.