Experimental simulations of sulfide formation in the solar nebula

Science

Volumn 277, Issue 5324, 1997, Pages 358-360

  Lauretta, Dante S ^a   Lodders, Katharina ^a   Fegley Jr , Bruce ^a  

^a WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

METAL; SULFIDE;

METEORITE; SOLAR NEBULA; SULPHIDE;

ARTICLE; ASTRONOMY; METALLURGY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SULFATION;

FERROUS COMPOUNDS; HYDROGEN; IRON; METEOROIDS; NICKEL; SOLAR SYSTEM; SULFIDES; TEMPERATURE;

EID: 0030764952     PISSN: 00368075     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1126/science.277.5324.358     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. P. Ramdohr, J. Geophys. Res. 68, 2011 (1963); R. E. Folinsbee, J. A. V. Douglas, J. A. Maxwell, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 31, 1625 (1967); J. F. Kerridge, J. D. MacDougall, J. Carlson, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 43, 1 (1979); G. R. Huss, K. Keil, G. J. Taylor, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 45, 33 (1981).
2. P. Ramdohr, J. Geophys. Res. 68, 2011 (1963); R. E. Folinsbee, J. A. V. Douglas, J. A. Maxwell, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 31, 1625 (1967); J. F. Kerridge, J. D. MacDougall, J. Carlson, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 43, 1 (1979); G. R. Huss, K. Keil, G. J. Taylor, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 45, 33 (1981).
3. P. Ramdohr, J. Geophys. Res. 68, 2011 (1963); R. E. Folinsbee, J. A. V. Douglas, J. A. Maxwell, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 31, 1625 (1967); J. F. Kerridge, J. D. MacDougall, J. Carlson, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 43, 1 (1979); G. R. Huss, K. Keil, G. J. Taylor, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 45, 33 (1981).
4. P. Ramdohr, J. Geophys. Res. 68, 2011 (1963); R. E. Folinsbee, J. A. V. Douglas, J. A. Maxwell, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 31, 1625 (1967); J. F. Kerridge, J. D. MacDougall, J. Carlson, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 43, 1 (1979); G. R. Huss, K. Keil, G. J. Taylor, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 45, 33 (1981).
5. M. A. Nazarov, F. Brandstaetter, G. Kurat, Lunar Planet Sci. XXVII, 939 (1996).
6. B. Devouard and P. R. Buseck, Meteorit. Planet Sci., in preparation.
7. 2 at ambient atmospheric pressure.
8. D. S. Lauretta, D. T. Kremser, B. Fegley Jr., Icarus 122, 288 (1996).
9. _, Proc. NIPR Symp. on Antarctic Meteorites 9, 97 (1996); D. S. Lauretta, B. Fegley Jr., K. Lodders, D. T. Kremser, ibid., p. 111.
10. _, Proc. NIPR Symp. on Antarctic Meteorites 9, 97 (1996); D. S. Lauretta, B. Fegley Jr., K. Lodders, D. T. Kremser, ibid., p. 111.
11. H. C. Urey, The Planets (Yale Univ. Press, New Haven, CT, 1952); J. W. Larimer, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 31, 1215 (1967); J. S. Lewis, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 15, 286 (1972).
12. H. C. Urey, The Planets (Yale Univ. Press, New Haven, CT, 1952); J. W. Larimer, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 31, 1215 (1967); J. S. Lewis, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 15, 286 (1972).
13. H. C. Urey, The Planets (Yale Univ. Press, New Haven, CT, 1952); J. W. Larimer, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 31, 1215 (1967); J. S. Lewis, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 15, 286 (1972).
14. Iron-nickel alloys containing less than 7.5% Ni are kamacite (α). Iron metal with more than 25% Ni is taenite (γ). Intermediate compositions are in the α-γ two-phase field.
15. See the review by B. D. Bastow, G. C. Wood, D. P. Whittle, Corros. Sci. 25, 253 (1985), and references therein.
16. The conventions for plotting the diffusion path on isothermal ternary phase diagrams are outlined by J. B. Clark, Trans. AIME 227, 1250 (1963).
17. The Ni content of the sulfide in equilibrium with metal depends on temperature and metal composition. This relation is discussed in D. S. Lauretta, D. T. Kremser, B. Fegley Jr., Lunar Planet. Sci. XXVI, 831 (1995).
18. -1 (13). Thus, sulfide formation is ∼10 orders of magnitude faster than cation diffusion in the metal. This difference in diffusion rate is the main reason that Ni-bearing Sulfides form.
19. J. P. Orchard and D. J. Young, J. Electrochem. Soc. 136, 545 (1989); Oxid. Met. 31, 105 (1989); T. Narita and K. Nishida, Denki Kagaku 43, 443 (1975).
20. J. P. Orchard and D. J. Young, J. Electrochem. Soc. 136, 545 (1989); Oxid. Met. 31, 105 (1989); T. Narita and K. Nishida, Denki Kagaku 43, 443 (1975).
21. J. P. Orchard and D. J. Young, J. Electrochem. Soc. 136, 545 (1989); Oxid. Met. 31, 105 (1989); T. Narita and K. Nishida, Denki Kagaku 43, 443 (1975).
22. R. H. Condit, R. R. Hobbins, C. E. Birchenall, Oxid. Met. 8, 409 (1974).
23. Following Kerridge et al. (17), we used the Fe-Ni-S phase diagram (in weight %) of R. W. Shewman and L. A. Clark, Can. J. Earth Sci. 7, 67 (1970).
24. The composition of the P-rich inner layer is given in D. S. Lauretta, K. Lodders, B. Fegley Jr., Meteorit. Planet. Sci., in preparation.
25. J. F. Kerridge, J. D. MacDougall, K. Marti, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 43, 359 (1979).
26. E. Anders and N. Grevesse, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 53, 197 (1989).
27. G. Dreibus, H. Palme, B. Spettel, J. Zipfel, H. Wänke, Meteoritics 30, 439 (1995).
28. R. S. Lewis and E. Anders, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 72, 268 (1975).
29. N. P. Hanowski and A. J. Brearly, Meteorit. Planet. Sci. 31 (suppl.), A57 (1996).
30. B. Million, J. Ruzickova, J. Velisek, J. Vrestal, Mater. Sci. Eng. 50, 43 (1981); D. C. Dean and J. I. Goldstein, Metall. Trans. A 17, 1131 (1986).
31. B. Million, J. Ruzickova, J. Velisek, J. Vrestal, Mater. Sci. Eng. 50, 43 (1981); D. C. Dean and J. I. Goldstein, Metall. Trans. A 17, 1131 (1986).
32. This work was supported by NASA grant NAGW-3070. We thank the Field Museum in Chicago for providing the samples of Canyon Diablo, M. K. Crombie for helpful discussions, and D. T. Kremser for technical assistance. J. I. Goldstein and an anonymous referee provided constructive reviews.