Rheological properties of natrocarbonatite lavas from Oldoinyo Lengai, Tanzania

European Journal of Mineralogy

Volumn 9, Issue 2, 1997, Pages 351-364

  Norton, Gill ^a   Pinkerton, Harry ^b  

^a BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY   (United Kingdom)

^b LANCASTER UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Carbonatite; Lavas; Oldoinyo Lengai; Rheology; Viscosity

Indexed keywords

CRYSTALLINITY; CRYSTALS; MELTING; NON NEWTONIAN FLOW; RESEARCH LABORATORIES; RHEOLOGY;

APPARENT VISCOSITY; CARBONATITES; LABORATORY MEASUREMENTS; LAVAS; OLDOINYO LENGAI; RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTY; ROTATIONAL VISCOMETER; VISCO-ELASTIC FLUID;

VISCOSITY;

CARBONATITE; RHEOLOGY; VISCOSITY;

TANZANIA, OLDOINYO LENGAI;

EID: 0030762092     PISSN: 09351221     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1127/ejm/9/2/0351     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. Bailey, D.K. (1989): Carbonate melts from the mantle in the volcanoes of South-East Zambia. Nature, 338, 415-418.
2. 3 at 1 bar and its significance in carbonatite petrogenesis. Amer. J. Sci., 275, 534-560.
3. Dawson, J.B. (1989): Sodium carbonatite extrusions from Oldoinyo Lengai, Tanzania: Implications for carbonatite complex genesis, in "Carbonatites: Genesis and evolution", K. Bell (ed.), Unwin Hyman, London, 255-277.
4. Dawson, J.B., Pinkerton, H., Norton, G.E., Pyle, D.M. (1990): Viscosities, temperatures and composition of alkali carbonate lavas: data from the 1988 eruption of Oldoinyo Lengai, Tanzania. Geology, 18, 260-263.
5. Dawson, J.B., Pinkerton, H., Pyle, D.M., Nyamweru, C. (1994): June 1993 eruption of Oldoinyo Lengai, Tanzania: exceptionally viscous and large carbonatite lava flows and evidence for co-existing silicate and carbonate magmas. Geology, 22, 799-802.
6. Dawson, J.B., Keller, J., Krafft, M., Krafft, K., Nyamweru, C. (1995a): Historic and recent activity of Oldoinyo Lengai. in "IAVCEI Proceedings in Volcanology 4. Carbonatite volcanism of Oldoinyo Lengai - petrogenesis of natrocarbonatite", K. Bell & J.Keller, eds. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 4-22.
7. Dawson, J.B., Pinkerton, H., Norton, G.E., Pyle, D.M., Browning, P., Jackson, D., Fallik A.E. (1995b): Petrology and geochemistry of Oldoinyo Lengai lavas extruded November 1988: magma source, ascent and crystallisation, in "IAVCEI Proceedings in Volcanology 4. Carbonatite volcanism of Oldoinyo Lengai - petrogenesis of natrocarbonatite", K. Bell & J.Keller, eds. Springer-Verlag. Berlin, 47-69.
8. Dawson, J.B., Pyle, D.M., Pinkerton, H. (1996): Evolution of natrocarbonatite from a wollastonite nephelinite parent: evidence from the June 1993 eruption of Oldoinyo Lengai, Tanzania. J. Geol., 104, 41-54.
9. Jago, B.C. & Gittins, J. (1991): The role of fluorine in Carbonatite magma evolution. Nature. 349, 56-58.
10. Janz, G.J. (1988): Thermodynamic and transport properties for molten salts: Correlation equations for critically evaluated density, surface tension, electrical conductance and viscosity data. J. Physical and Chemical Reference Data no. 17, suppl. 2, 309 p.
11. Janz, G.J., Allen, C.B., Bansal, N.P., Murphy, R.M., Tomkins, R.P.T. (1979): Physical properties: data compilations relevant to energy storage.II. Molten salts: data on single and multi-component salt systems. NSRDS-NBS 61, Part II, U.S. Government Printing Office, 432 p.
12. Kargel, J.S., Kirk, R.L., Fegley, B., Treiman, A.H. (1994): Carbonate Sulfate Volcanism On Venus. Icarus, 112, 219-252.
13. Keller, J. & Krafft. M. (1990): Effusive natrocarbonatite activity of Oldoinyo Lengai, June 1988. Bull. Volcanol., 52, 629-645.
14. Krafft, M. & Keller, J. (1989): Temperature measurements in Carbonatite lava lakes and flows from Oldoinyo Lengai, Tanzania. Science, 245, 168-170.
15. Krieger, I.M. (1968): Shear rate in the Couette viscometer. Trans. Soc. Rheol., 12, 5-11.
16. Krieger, I.M. & Elrod, H. (1953): Direct determination of the flow curves of non-newtonian fluids II. Shearing rate in the concentric cylinder viscometer. J. Appl. Phys., 24, 134-136.
17. Lejeune, A.M. & Richet, P. (1995): Rheology of crystal-bearing silicate melts - an experimental-study at high viscosities. J. Geophys. Res., 100 (B3), 4215-4229.
18. McKie, D. & Frankis, E.J. (1977): Nyerereite: A new volcanic carbonate mineral from Oldoinyo Lengai, Tanzania. Z. Kristall., 145, 73-95.
19. Marsh, B.D. (1987): Magmatic processes. Rev. Geophys., 25, 1043-1053.
20. Norton, G.E. (1991): The physical properties of silicate and carbonatite magmas. PhD Thesis. Lancaster University, 330 p.
21. Norton, G.E. & Pinkerton, H. (1992): The physical properties of carbonatite lavas: implications for planetary volcanism. Lunar and Planetary Science, XXIII, 1001-1002.
22. Norton, G.E., Pinkerton, H., Dawson, J.B. (1990): New measurements of the physico-chemical properties of natrocarbonatite lavas. Lunar and Planetary Science, XXI, 901-902.
23. Nyamweru, C. (1989a): Report on activity in the northern crater of Oldoinyo Lengai, 24th June to 1st July 1988. J. E. A. N. H. S. & Na. Mus., 79 (186), 1-15.
24. _ (1989b): Report on activity in the northern crater of Oldoinyo Lengai, July 1988 to August 1989. J. E. A. N. H. S. & Na. Mus., 79 (194), 1-15.
25. Pinkerton, H., Dawson, J.B., Pyle, D.M. (1994): Lava flow morphology and chemistry. Lunar and Planetary Science, XXV, 1089-1090.
26. Pinkerton, H., Herd, R.A., Kent, R.M., Wilson L. (1995a): Field measurements of the rheological properties of basaltic lavas. Lunar and Planetary Science, XXVI, 1127-1128.
27. Pinkerton, H. & Norton, G.E. (1995): Rheological properties of basaltic lavas at sub-liquidus temperatures: laboratory and field measurements on lavas from Mount Etna. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 68, 307-323
28. Pinkerton, H., Norton, G.E., Dawson, J.B., Pyle D.M. (1995b): Field observations and measurements of the physical properties of Oldoinyo Lengai alkali carbonatite lavas, November 1988. in "IAVCEI Proceedings in Volcanology 4. Carbonatite volcanism of Oldoinyo Lengai - petrogenesis of natrocarbonatite", K. Bell & J.Keller, eds. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 23-36.
29. Pinkerton, H. & Stevenson, R.J. (1992): Methods of determining the rheological properties of lavas from their physico-chemical properties. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 53, 47-66.
30. Pyle, D.M., Pinkerton, H., Norton, G.E., Dawson J.B (1995): The dynamics of degassing at Oldoinyo Lengai. in "IAVCEI Proceedings in Volcanology 4. Carbonatite volcanism of Oldoinyo Lengai - petrogenesis of natrocarbonatite", K. Bell & J.Keller, eds. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 37-46.
31. Shaw, H.R. (1969): Rheology of basalt in the melting range. J. Petrol 10, 510-535.
32. Spera, F.J., Borgia, A., Strimple, J., Feigenson, M. (1988): Rheology of melts and magmatic suspensions I. Design and calibration of concentric cylinder viscometer with application to rhyolitic magma. J. Geophys. Res., 93, B9, 10723-10294
33. Sykes, D., Baker, M.B., Wyllie, P.J. (1992): Viscous properties of carbonate melts at high pressure. EOS, 73, 372.
34. Treiman, A.H. (1989): Carbonatite magma: Properties and processes, in "Carbonatites: Genesis and evolution", K. Bell, ed. Unwin Hyman, London, 89-104.
35. Treiman, A.M. & Schedl, A. (1983): Properties of carbonatite magma and processes in Carbonatite magma chambers. J. Geol., 91, 437-447
36. Van Wazer, J.R., Lyons, J.W., Kim, K.Y., Colwell, R.E. (1963): Viscosity and flow measurement: a laboratory handbook of rheology. Interscience Publishers (John Wiley & Sons), New York, 406 p.
37. Wallace, M.E. & Green, D.H. (1988): An experimental determination of primary carbonatite magma composition. Nature, 335, 343-346
38. Williams, H. & McBirney, A.R. (1979): Volcanology. Freeman, Cooper & Co, San Francisco, 397 p.
39. Woolf, J.A. (1994): Physical properties of carbonatite magmas inferred from molten salt data, and application to extraction patterns from carbonatite-silicate magma chambers. Geol. Mag., 131 (2), 145-153.
40. Yang, T.M.T. & Krieger, I.M. (1978): Comparison of methods for calculating shear rates in coaxial viscometers. J. Rheol., 22, 413-421.