Pathogenesis of idiopathic macular holes

Current Opinion in Ophthalmology

Volumn 8, Issue 3, 1997, Pages 87-93

  Ferris, John D ^a  

^a ADDENBROOKE S HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

PATHOGENESIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RETINA MACULA HOLE; REVIEW; VITREOUS BODY; VITREOUS BODY DETACHMENT;

HUMANS; MACULA LUTEA; RETINAL PERFORATIONS; VITRECTOMY;

EID: 0030761602     PISSN: 10408738     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00055735-199706000-00015     Document Type: Review

References (48)

1. Aaberg TM: Macular holes: a review. Surv Ophthalmol 1970, 15:139-162.
2. Bronstein MA, Trempe CL, Freeman HM: Fellow eyes of eyes with macular holes. Am J Ophthalmol 1981, 92:757-761.
3. Gass JDM: Idiopathic senile macular hole. Arch Ophthalmol 1988, 106:629-639.
4. Johnson RN, Gass JDM: Idiopathic macular holes: observations, stages of formation, and implications for surgical intervention. Ophthalmology 1988, 95:917-924.
5. Lister W: Holes in the retina and their clinical significance. Br J Ophthalmol 1924, 8:1-20.
6. McDonnell PJ, Fine SL, Hillis Al: Clinical features of idiopathic macular cysts and holes. Am J Ophthalmol 1982, 93:777-786.
7. Morgan CM, Schatz H: Involutional macular thinning: a premacular hole condition. Ophthalmology 1986, 93:153-161.
8. Schepens CL: Clinical aspects of pathological changes in the vitreous body. Am J Ophthalmol 1954, 38:8-21.
9. Reddy CV, Folk JC, Feist RM: Microholes of the macula. Arch Ophthal• mol 1996, 114:413-416. The development of macular microholes is described in 14 patients. The authors discuss how macular microholes may be differentiated from stage 2 macular holes according to pathophysiology, natural history, and clinical appearance.
10. Akiba J, Quiroz MA, Trempe CL: Role of posterior vitreous detachment in idiopathic macular holes. Ophthalmology 1990, 97:1610-1613.
11. Guyer DR. Green WR: Idiopathic macular holes and precursor lesions. Symposium on vitreous and retinal disease. Proceedings of the 1992 New Orleans Academy of Ophthalmology, New York: Kugler; 1993.
12. Gass JDM: Reappraisal of biomicroscopic classification of stages of development of a macular hole. Am J Ophthalmol 1995, 119:752-759.
13. Hikichi T, Yoshida A, Akiba J, Trempe CL: Natural outcomes of stage 1, 2, 3, and 4 macular holes. Br J Ophthalmol 1995, 79:517-520.
14. Hikichi T, Yoshida A, Akiba J, Konno S, Trempe CL: Prognosis of stage 2 macular holes. Am J Ophthalmol 1995, 119:571-575.
15. Hikichi T, Akiba J, Trempe CL: Effect of the vitreous on the prognosis of full thickness idiopathic macular holes. Am J Ophthalmol 1993, 116:273-278.
16. Kim JW, Freeman WR, El-Haig W, Maguire AM, Arevalo JF, Azen SP: Baseline characteristics, natural history, and risk factors to progression in eyes with stage 2 macular holes. Ophthalmology 1995, 102:1818-1829.
17. Bishop P: The biochemical structure of mammalian vitreous. Eye 1996, 10:664-670.
18. Balazs EA, Toth LZ, Eckl EA, Mitchell AP: Studies on the structure of the vitreous body: XII. cytological and histochemical studies on the cortical tissue layer. Exp Eye Res 1964, 3:57-71.
19. Foos RY: Vitreoretinal juncture: topographical variations. Invest Ophthalmol 1972, 11:801-808.
20. Duke-Elder S: Diseases of the vitreous body. In System of Ophthalmology: Diseases of the Lens and Vitreous, Glaucoma and Hypotony. Edited by Sir Stewart Duke Elder. London: Henry Kimpton; 1969:340-347.
21. Jerdan JA, Pepose JS, Michels RG, Hayashi H, de Bustros S, Glaser BM: Proliferative vitreoretinopathy membranes: an immunohistochemical study. Ophthalmology 1989, 96:801-810.
22. Kefalides NA: The biology and chemistry of basement membranes. Proceedings of the First International Symposium on the Biology and Chemistry of Basement Membranes. New York: Academic Press; 1978:215-228.
23. Yurchenco PD: Assembly of basement membranes. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1990, 580:195-213.
24. Kuhn K, Glanvile RW, Babel W, Quin R, Dieringer H, Voss T: The structure of type IV collagen. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1985, 460:14-24.
25. Constable IJ, Home R, Slater DH, Chester GH, Cooper RL: Regeneration of retinal limiting membranes after chorioretinal biopsy in dogs. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1981, 20:246-251.
26. Zimmerman LE, Straatsma BR: Anatomic relationships of the retina to the vitreous body and to the pigment epithelium. In Importance of the Vitreous Body in Retina Surgery with Special Emphasis on Reoperation. Edited by Schepens CL. St, Louis: CV Mosby; 1960:15-28.
27. Sebag J: Age-related differences in the human Vitreoretinal interface. Arch Ophthalmol 1991, 109:960-971.
28. Balazs EA: Molecular morphology of the vitreous body. In The Structure of the Eye. Edited by Smelser GK. New York: Academic Press; 1961:293-310.
29. Fisher YL, Slakter JS, Friedman RA, Yanuzzi LA: Kinetic ultrasound evaluation of the posterior Vitreoretinal interface. Ophthalmology 1991, 98:1135-1138.
30. Fisher YL, Slakter JS, Yanuzzi LA, Guyer DR: A prospective natural history study and kinetic ultrasound evaluation of idiopathic macular holes. Ophthalmology 1994, 101:5-11.
31. Kokame GT: Clinical correlation of ultrasonographic findings in macular holes. Am J Ophthalmol 1995, 119:441-451.
32. Kiryu J, Shahidi M, Ogura Y, Blair NP, Zeimer R: Illustration of the stages • of idiopathic macular holes by laser biomicroscopy. Arch Ophthalmol 1995, 113:1156-1160. Laser biomicroscopy is reported to provide excellent visualization of macular lesions, facilitating the recognition of early stages of macular holes.
33. Smiddy WE: Atypical presentations of macular holes. Arch Ophthalmol 1993, 111:626-633.
34. Gordon LW, Glaser BM, le D, Thompson JT, Sjaarda RN: Full thickness • macular hole formation in eyes with a pre-existing complete posterior vitreous detachment. Ophthalmology 1995, 102:1702-1705. The development of full-thickness macular holes is described in five eyes with a previously documented Weiss ring. Alternative mechanisms of macular hole formation are discussed.
35. Schepens CL: Macular holes and PVD [letter]. Ophthalmology 1996, 103:349-350.
36. Kakehashi A, Schepens CL. Trempe CL: Vitreomacular adhesion and hole in the premacular hyaloid. Ophthalmology 1994, 101:966-971.
37. Snead MP, Snead DRJ, Mahmood AS, Scott JD: Vitreous detachment and the posterior hyaloid membrane: a clinicopathological study. Eye 1994, 8:204-209.
38. Funata M, Wendel RT, de La Cruz ZC, Green WR: Clinicopathological study of bilateral macular holes treated wtih pars plana vitrectomy and gas tamponade. Retina 1992, 12:289-298.
39. Smiddy WE, Michels RG, de Bustros S, de La Cruz ZC, Green WR: Histopathology of tissue removed during vitrectomy for impending idiopathic macular holes. Am J Ophthalmol 1989, 108:360-364.
40. Yoon H, Brooks HL, Capone AJ, L'Hernault NL, Grossniklaus HE: Ultra-• structural features of tissue removed during idiopathic macular hole surgery. Am J Ophthalmol 1996, 122:67-75. Transmission electron microscopic studies of tissue removed from 12 eyes with macular holes demonstrated internal limiting membrane in 10 samples. Myofibroblasts, fibrocytes, and fibrous astrocyles were also identified.
41. Grierson I, Mazure A, Hogg P, Hiscott P, Sheridan C, Wong D: Non-vas• cular vitreoretinopathy: the cells and the cellular basis of contraction. Eye 1996, 10:671-684. This is a concise review of the cell types involved in contraction and the chemical mediators that control their migration and aggregation. The differing roles of gliosis and fibrosis in the development of epiretinal membranes are also discussed.
42. Kelly NE, Wendel RT: Vitreous surgery for idiopathic macular holes: results of a pilot study. Arch Ophthalmol 1991, 109:654-659.
43. Wendel RT, Patel AC, Kelly NE, Saizano TC, Wells JW, Novak GD: Vitreous surgery for macular holes. Ophthalmology 1993, 100:1671-1676.
44. Ruby AJ, Williams DF, Grand MG, Thomas MA, Meredith TA, Boniuk I, Oik RJ: Pars plana vitrectomy for treatment of stage 2 macular holes. Arch Ophthalmol 1994, 112:359-364.
45. Ryan EHJ, Gilbert HD: Results of surgical treatment of recent-onset full-thickness idiopathic macular holes. Arch Ophthalmol 1994, 112:1545-1553.
46. Akiba J, Ishiko S, Hikichi T, Ogasawara H, Yanagiya N, Yoshida A: Imag• ing of epiretinal membranes in macular holes by scanning laser ophthalmoscope. Am J Ophthalmol 1996, 121:177-180. The scanning laser ophthalmoscope identified epiretinal membranes associated with stage 2, 3, and 4 macular holes. The incidence of epiretinal membranes in stage 4 holes was 25% less than that observed in stage 2 and 3 holes.
47. Madreperla SA, McCuen BW, Hickinbotham D, Green WR: Clinicopathological correlation of surgically removed macular hole opercula. Am J Ophthalmol 1995, 120:197-207.
48. Snead MP, et al.: Vitreous detachment and the posterior hyaloid membrane [abstract #4330]. ARVO May, 1997.