Posture and movement: Coordination and control

Archives Italiennes de Biologie

Volumn 135, Issue 4, 1997, Pages 353-367

  Lacquaniti, F ^a,b   Maioli, C ^c   Borghese, N A ^a   Bianchi, L ^a  

^a CNR   (Italy)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CAGLIARI   (Italy)

^c Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche   (Italy)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ARTICLE; BODY MOVEMENT; BODY POSTURE; CAT; HUMAN; LIMB MOVEMENT; NEUROPHYSIOLOGY; NONHUMAN; REFLEX; VISUOMOTOR COORDINATION;

ANIMALS; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM; EXTREMITIES; GRAVITATION; HUMANS; MOVEMENT; POSTURE; PSYCHOMOTOR PERFORMANCE; REFLEX;

ANIMALIA; FELIS CATUS;

EID: 0030756157     PISSN: 00039829     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (85)

1. AMOS, A., ARMSTRONG, D.M. and MARPLE-HORVAT, D.E Changes in the discharge patterns of motor cortical neurons associated with volitional changes in stepping in the cat. Neuroscience Lett., 109:107-112, 1990.
2. ANDERSON, J.H., SOECHTING, J.F. and TERZUOLO, C.A. Role of vestibular inputs in the organization of motor output to forelimb extensors. Pp. 413-421. In: GRANIT, R. and POMPEIANO, O. (Eds.), Reflex Control of Posture and Movement. Progress in Brain Research. Vol. 50. Amsterdam, Elsevier, 1979.
3. ANDRE, P., D'ASCANIO, P., IOFFE, M. and POMPEIANO, O. Microinjections of vasopressin in the locus coeruleus complex affect posture and vestibulospinal reflexes in decerebrate cats. Pflügers Arch., 420: 376-388, 1992.
4. ARSHAVSKY, Yu. I., BERKINBLIT, M.B., FUKSON, O.I. and GEL'FAND, I.M. Recordings of neurons of the dorsal spinocerebellar tract during evoked locomotion. Brain Res., 43: 272-275, 1972.
5. BAKER, J., GOLDBERG, J. and PETERSON, B. Spatial and temporal responses of the vestibulocollic reflex in decerebrate cats. J. Neurophysiol., 54: 735-756, 1985.
6. BERKINBLIT, M.B., FELDMAN, A.G. and FUKSON, O.I. Adaptability of innate motor patterns and motor control mechanisms. Behav. Brain Sci., 9: 585-638, 1986.
7. BERTHOZ, A., LACOUR, M., SOECHTING. J.F. and VIDAL, P.P. The role of vision in the control of posture during linear motion. Pp. 197-209. In: GRANIT, R. and POMPEIANO, O. (Eds.), Reflex Control of Posture and Movement. Progress in Brain Research. Vol. 50. Amsterdam, Elsevier, 1979.
8. BIZZI, E., HOGAN, N., MUSSA-IVALDI, F.A. and GISZTER, S. Does the nervous system use equilibrium-point control to guide single and multiple joint movements? Behav. Brain Sci., 15: 603-613, 1992.
9. BOLTON, P.S., GOTO, T. SCHOR, R.H., WILSON, V.J., YAMAGATA, Y. and YATES, B.J. Response of pontomedullary reticulospinal neurons to vestibular stimuli in vertical planes. Role in vertical vestibulospinal reflexes of the decerebrate cat. J. Neurophysiol., 67: 637-647, 1992.
10. BORGHESE, N.A., BIANCHI, L. and LACQUANITI, F. Kinematic determinants of human locomotion. J. Physiol., Lond., 494: 863-879, 1996.
11. Bosco, G. and POPPELE, R.E. Broad directional tuning in spinal projections to the cerebellum. J. Neurophysiol., 70: 863-866, 1993.
12. BOYLE, R. and POMPEIANO, O. Convergence and interaction of neck and macular vestibular inputs of vestibulospinal neurons. J. Neurophysiol., 45: 852-868, 1981.
13. BROOKHART, J.M., PARMEGGIANI, P.L., PETERSEN, W.A. and STONE, S.A. Postural stability in the dog. Amer. J. Physiol., 208: 1047-1057, 1965.
14. BROWN, J.L. Orientation to the vertical during water immersion. Aerosp. Med., 32: 209-217, 1961.
15. CLEMENT, G., GURFINKEL, V.S., LESTIENNE, F., LIPSHITS, M.I. and POPOV, K.E. Adaptation of postural control to weightlessness. Exp. Brain Res., 57: 61-72, 1984.
16. 16a. D'ASCANIO, P., BETTINI, E., POMPEIANO, O. and STAMPACCHIA, G. Effects of passive flexions of forepaw on the response gains of limb extensors to sinusoidal stimulation of labyrinth receptors. Arch. Ital. Biol., 123: 195-221, 1985.
17. 16b. D'ASCANIO, P., GAHÉRY, Y., POMPEIANO, O. and STAMPACCHIA, G. Effects of pressure stimulation of the body surface on posture and vestibulospinal reflexes. Arch. Ital. Biol., 124: 43-63, 1986.
18. DIETZ, V., GOLLHOFER, A., KLEIBER, M. and TRIPPEL, M. Regulation of bipedal stance: dependency on "load" receptors. Exp. Brain Res., 89: 229-231, 1992.
19. DIETZ, V., QUINTERN, J. and SILLEM, M. Stumbling reactions in man: significance of proprioceptive and pre-programmed mechanisms. J. Physiol., Lond., 368: 149-163, 1987.
20. EZURE, K. and WILSON, V.J. Interaction of tonic neck and vestibular reflexes in the forelimb of the decerebrate cat. Exp. Brain Res., 54: 289-292, 1984.
21. GEORGOPOULOS, A.P. Higher order motor control. Annu. Rev. Neurosci., 14: 361-377, 1991.
22. GEORGOPOULOS, A.P. and GRILLNER, S. Visuomotor coordination in reaching and locomotion. Science, 245: 1209-1210, 1989.
23. GRILLNER, S. Control of locomotion in bipeds, tetrapods, and fish. Pp. 1179-1236. In: BROOKHART, J.M. and MOUNTCASTLE, V.B. (Eds.), Handbook of Physiology. The Nervous System. Motor Control. Sect. 1. Vol. 2. Part 1. Bethesda, MD, Amer. Physiol. Soc., 1981.
24. GURFINKEL, V.S., LEVIK, Y.S., POPOV, K.E., SMETANIN, B.N. and SHLIKOV, V.Y. Body scheme in the control of postural activity. Pp. 185-193. In: GURFINKEL, V.S., IOFFE, M.E., MASSION, J. and ROLL, J.P. (Eds.), Stance and Motion: Facts and Concepts. New York, Plenum, 1988.
25. HIRSCHFELD, H. and FORSSBERG, H. Phase-dependent modulations of anticipatory postural activity during human locomotion. J. Neurophysiol., 66: 12-19, 1991.
26. HOGAN, N. Planning and execution of multijoint movements. Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol., 66: 508-517, 1988.
27. HORAK, F.B. and NASHNER, L.M. Central programming of postural movements: adaptation to altered support-surface configurations. J. Neurophysiol., 55: 1369-1381, 1986.
28. JEANNEROD, M. and BIGUER, B. The directional coding of reaching movements. A visuomotor conception of spatial neglect. Pp. 87-113. In: JEANNEROD, M. (Ed.), Neurophysiological and Neuropsychological Aspects of Spatial Neglect. Amsterdam, Elsevier, 1987.
29. JOHANSSON, R.S. How is grasping modified by somatosensory input? Pp. 331-355. In: HUMPHREY, D.R. and FREUND, H.-J. (Eds.), Motor Control: Concepts and Issues. New York, Wiley, 1991.
30. KASPER, J., SCHOR, R.H. and WILSON, V.J. Response of vestibular neurons to head rotations in vertical planes. II. Response to neck stimulation and vestibular-neck interaction. J. Neurophysiol., 60: 1765-1778, 1988.
31. KELLY, T.M. and CHAPPLE, W.D. Kinematic analysis of the defense response in crayfish. J. Neurophysiol., 64: 64-76, 1990.
32. LACQUANITI, F. Central representations of human limb movements as revealed by studies on drawing and handwriting. Trends Neurosci., 12: 287-291, 1989.
33. LACQUANITI, F. Automatic control of limb movement and posture. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol., 2: 807-814, 1992.
34. LACQUANITI, F., BORGHESE, N.A. and CARROZZO, M. Transient reversal of the stretch reflex in human armmuscles. J. Neurophysiol., 66: 939-954, 1991.
35. LACQUANITI, F., BORGHESE, N.A. and CARROZZO, M. Internal models of limb geometry in the control of hand compliance. J. Neurosci., 12: 1750-1762, 1992.
36. LACQUANITI, F., CARROZZO, M. and BORGHESE, N.A. Time-varying mechanical behavior of multi-jointed arm in man. J. Neurophysiol., 69: 1443-1464, 1993.
37. LACQUANITI, F., GUIGON, E., BIANCHI, L., FERRAINA, S. and CAMINITI, R. Representing spatial information for limb movement: role of area 5 in the monkey. Cereb. Cortex, 5: 391-409, 1995.
38. LACQUANITI, F., LETAILLANTER, M., LOPIANO, L. and MAIOLI, C. The control of limb geometry in cat posture. J. Physiol., Lond., 426: 177-192, 1990.
39. LACQUANITI, F. and MAIOLI, C. Distributed control of limb position and force. Pp.31-54. In: STELMACH, G.E. and REQUIN, J. (Eds.), Tutorials in Motor Behavior II. Amsterdam, Elsevier, 1992.
40. LACQUANITI, F. and MAIOLI, C. Independent control of limb position and contact forces in cat posture. J. Neurophysiol., 72: 1476-1495, 1994.
41. LACQUANITI, F. and MAIOLI, C. Coordinate transformations in the control of cat posture. J. Neurophysiol., 72: 1496-1515, 1994.
42. LACQUANITI, F. and MAIOLI, C. Limb geometry: neural control. Pp. 543-546. In: ARBIB, M.A. (Ed.), The Handbook of Brain Theory and Neural Networks. Cambridge, Mass., MIT Press, 1995.
43. LACQUANITI, F., MAIOLI, C. and FAVA, E. Cat posture on a tilted platform. Exp. Brain Res., 57: 82-88, 1984.
44. LACQUANITI, F., SOECHTING, J.F. and TERZUOLO, C. Path constraints on point-to-point arm movements in three-dimensional space. Neuroscience, 17: 313-324, 1986.
45. Lindsay, K.W., Roberts, T.D.M. and ROSENBERG, J.R. Asymmetric tonic labyrinthine reflexes and their interaction with neck reflexes in the decerebrate cat. J. Physiol., Lond., 261: 583-601, 1976.
46. MACPHERSON, J.M. Strategies that simplify the control of quadrupedal stance. I. Forces at the ground. J. Neurophysiol., 60: 204-217, 1988.
47. MACPHERSON, J.M. Changes in a postural strategy with inter-paw distance. J. Neurophysiol., 71: 931-940, 1994.
48. MAGNUS, R. Der Korperstellung. Berlin, Springer, 1924.
49. MAIOLI, C. and LACQUANITI, F. Determinants of postural control in cats: a biomechanical study. Pp.371-379. In: AMBLARD, B., BERTHOZ, A. and CLARAC, F. (Eds.), Posture and Gait: Development, Adaptation and Modulation. Amsterdam, Elsevier, 1988.
50. MAIOLI, C. and POPPELE, R.E. Parallel processing of multisensory information concerning self-motion. Exp. Brain Res., 87:119-125, 1991.
51. 50a. MANZONI, D., POMPEIANO, O., BARNES, C.D., STAMPACCHIA, G. and D'ASCANIO, P. Convergence and interaction of neck and macular vestibular inputs on locus coeruleus and subcoeruleus neurons. Pflügers Arch., 413: 580-598, 1989.
52. 50b. MANZONI, D., POMPEIANO, O., SRIVASTAVA, U.C. and STAMPACCHIA, G. Responses of forelimb extensors to sinusoidal stimulation of macular labyrinth and neck receptors. Arch. Ital. Biol., 121: 205-214, 1983.
53. MASSION, J. Movement, posture and equilibrium: interaction and coordination. Progr. Neurobiol., 38: 35-56, 1992.
54. MASSION, J., GURFINKEL, V., LIPSHITS, M., OBADIA, A. and POPOV, K. Axial synergies under microgravity conditions. J. Vest. Res., 3: 275-287, 1993.
55. MITTELSTAEDT, H. Basic control patterns of orientational homeostasis. Symp. Soc. Exp. Biol., 18: 365-385, 1964.
56. MITTELSTAEDT, H. A new solution to the problem of the subjective vertical. Naturwissenschaften, 70: 272-281, 1983.
57. MORUZZI, G. Fisiologia della Vita di Relazione. Torino, UTET, Pp. 633, 1975.
58. MORUZZI, G., and POMPEIANO, O. Inhibitory mechanisms underlying the collapse of decerebrate rigidity after unilateral fastigial lesions. J. Comp. Neurol., 107: 1-25, 1957.
59. MOUCHNINO, L., AURENTY, R., MASSION, J. and PEDOTTI, A. Coordination between equilibrium and head-trunk orientation during leg movement: a new strategy built up by trainining. J. Neurophysiol., 67: 1587-1598, 1992.
60. NASHNER, L.M. Adapting reflexes controlling the human posture. Exp. Brain Res., 26: 59-72, 1976.
61. NASHNER, L.M. and MCCOLLUM, G. The organization of human postural movements: a formal basis and experimental synthesis. Behav. Brain Sci., 8: 135-172, 1985.
62. PEDOTTI, A. A study of motor coordination and neuromuscular activities in human locomotion. Biol. Cybern., 26: 53-62, 1977.
63. PELLIONISZ, A. and PETERSON, B.W. A tensorial model of neck motor activation. Pp. 178-186. In: PETERSON, B.W. and RICHMOND, F. (Eds.), Control of Head Movement. Oxford, Oxford Univ. Press, 1988.
64. 61a. POMPEIANO, O., HORN, E. and D'ASCANIO P. Locus coeruleus and dorsal pontine reticular influences on the gain of vestibulospinal reflexes. In: BARNES, C.D. and POMPEIANO, O. (Eds.), Neurobiology of the Locus Coeruleus. Progress in Brain Research. Vol. 88. Amsterdam, Elsevier, 1994.
65. 61b. POMPEIANO, O., MANZONI, D., BARNES, C.D. STAMPACCHIA, G. and D'ASCANIO, P. Responses of locus coeruleus and subcoeruleus neurons to sinusoidal stimulation of labyrinth receptors. Neuroscience, 35: 227-248, 1990.
66. 61c. POMPEIANO, O., MANZONI, D., SRIVASTAVA, U.C. and STAMPACCHIA, G. Convergence and interaction of neck and vestibular inputs on reticulospinal neurons. Neuroscience, 12: 111-128, 1984.
67. POPPELE, R.E. and TERZUOLO, C.A. Myotatic reflex: its input-output relation. Science, 159: 743-746, 1968.
68. POZZO, T., BERTHOZ, A. and LEFORT, L. Head stabilization during various locomotor tasks in humans. Exp. Brain Res., 82: 97-106, 1990.
69. RADEMAKER, G.G.J. Das Stehen. Berlin, Springer 1931.
70. ROBERTS, T.D.M. Reflex balance. Nature, 244: 156-158, 1973.
71. ROBERTS, T.D.M. Neurophysiology of Postural Mechanisms. London, Butterworths, Pp. 415, 1978.
72. ROSENTHAL, N.P., MCKEAN, T.A., ROBERTS, W.J. and TERZUOLO, C.A. Frequency analysis of stretch reflex and its main subsystems in triceps surae muscles of the cat. J. Neurophysiol., 33: 713-749, 1970.
73. SHERRINGTON, C.S. The Integrative Action of the Nervous System. London, Constable, 1906.
74. SOECHTING, J.F. and FLANDERS, M. Errors in pointing are due to approximations in sensorimotor transformations. J. Neurophysiol., 62: 595-608, 1989.
75. SOECHTING, J.F., LACQUANITI, F. and TERZUOLO, C. Coordination of arm movements in three-dimensional space. Sensorimotor mapping during drawing movement. Neuroscience, 17: 295-311, 1986.
76. SOECHTING, J.F. and ROSS, B. Psychophysical determination of coordinate representation of human arm orientation. Neuroscience, 13: 595-604, 1984.
77. TERZUOLO, C. Cerebellar inhibitory and excitatory actions upon spinal extensor motorneurons. Arch. Ital. Biol., 97: 316-339, 1959.
78. TERZUOLO, C., SOECHTING, J.F. and DUFRESNE, J.R. Operational characteristics of reflex responses to changes in muscle length during different motor tasks and their functional utility. Pp. 183-209. In: POMPEIANO, O. and AJMONE MARSAN, C. (Eds.), Brain Mechanisms and Perceptual Awareness. New York, Raven Press, 1981.
79. TERZUOLO, C. and TERZIAN, H. Cerebellar increase of postural tonus after de-afferentation and labyrinthectomy. J. Neurophysiol., 16: 551-561, 1953.
80. TWITCHELL, T.E. Posture control. J. Am. Phys. Ther. Assoc., 45: 415, 1965.
81. UNO, Y., KAWATO, M. and SUZUKI, R. Formation and control of optimal trajectory in human multijoint arm movement. Minimum torque-change model. Biol. Cybern., 61: 89-101, 1989.
82. WILSON, V.J. Vestibulospinal and neck reflexes: interaction in the vestibular nuclei. Arch. Ital. Biol., 129: 43-52, 1991.
83. WILSON, V.J., SCHOR, R.H., SUZUKI, I. and PARK, B.R. Spatial organization of neck and vestibular reflexes acting on the forelimbs of the decerebrate cat. J. Neurophysiol., 55: 514-526, 1986.
84. Winter D.A. Biomechanics and Motor Control of Human Movement. New York, Wiley, Pp. 277, 1990.
85. YOUNG, L.R. Perception of the body in space: mechanisms. Pp. 1023-1066 In: BROOKHART, J.M. and MOUNTCASTLE, V.B. (Eds.), Handbook of Physiology. The Nervous System. Motor Control. Sect. 1. Vol. 3. Part 2. Bethesda, MD, Amer. Physiol. Soc., 1984.