Genetic studies and molecular markers of bladder cancer

Seminars in Surgical Oncology

Volumn 13, Issue 5, 1997, Pages 319-327

  Cordon Cardo, Carlos ^a   Sheinfeld, Joel ^a   Dalbagni, Guido ^a  

^a MEMORIAL SLOAN KETTERING CANCER CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Biological tumor markers; Bladder neoplasms; Chromosome aberrations; Gene deletion; Immunohistochemistry; Neoplasm staging; P53 genes; Prognosis; Proto oncogenes; Ras genes; Transitional cell carcinoma; Tumor suppressor genes

Indexed keywords

PROTEIN P53;

BLADDER CANCER; CANCER GROWTH; CHROMOSOME ABERRATION; CYTOGENETICS; HUMAN; POINT MUTATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTO ONCOGENE; REVIEW; TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENE;

ALLELES; CELL TRANSFORMATION, NEOPLASTIC; CLINICAL PROTOCOLS; DISEASE PROGRESSION; FORECASTING; GENE AMPLIFICATION; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION, NEOPLASTIC; GENES, P53; GENES, RETINOBLASTOMA; GENES, TUMOR SUPPRESSOR; HUMANS; MUTATION; ONCOGENES; PATIENT CARE PLANNING; PHENOTYPE; POINT MUTATION; PREVALENCE; PROGNOSIS; PROTO-ONCOGENES; TRANSLOCATION, GENETIC; TUMOR MARKERS, BIOLOGICAL; URINARY BLADDER NEOPLASMS;

EID: 0030753184     PISSN: 87560437     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2388(199709/10)13:5<319::AID-SSU5>3.0.CO;2-G     Document Type: Review

References (73)

1. Bishop JM: Molecular themes in oncogenesis. [Review] Cell 1991;64:235-248
2. Parsons JT, Parsons SJ: Protein-tyrosine kinases, oncogenes, and cancer. In DeVita VT, Hellman S, Rosenberg SA (eds): "Important Advances in Oncology." Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1993, 3-17.
3. Marshall CJ: Tumor suppressor genes. [Review] Cell 1991;64: 313-326.
4. Levine AJ: The tumor suppressor gene. [Review] Ann Rev Biochem 1993;62:623-651.
5. Koss LG: "Atlas of Tumor Pathology: Tumors of the Urinary Bladder." (Facsicle 11). 2nd series. Washington, DC: Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, 1975.
6. Koss L: "Diagnostic Cytology and its Histopathologic Bases." 4th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1992: 934.
7. Prout GR Jr: Bladder carcinoma and a TNM system of classification J Urol 1977;117:583-590.
8. Althausen AF, Prout GR Jr, Daly JJ: Non-invasive papillary carcinoma of the bladder associated with carcinoma in situ. J Urol 1976;116:575-580
9. Reuter VE, Melamed MR: The lower urinary tract. In Sternberg SS (ed): "Diagnostic Surgical Pathology." New York: Raven Press, 1989: 1355.
10. Gibas Z, Prout GR Jr, Connolly JG, et al: Nonrandom chromosomal changes in transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. Cancer Res 1984;44:1257-1264.
11. Smeets, W, Pauwels R, Laarakkers L, et al: Chromosomal analysis of bladder cancer. III. Nonrandom alterations. [Review] Cancer Genet Cytogenet 1987;29:29-41.
12. Atkin NB, Baker MC: Cytogenetic study of ten carcinomas of the bladder: Involvement of chromosomes 1 and 11. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 1985;15:253-268.
13. Babu VR, Lutz MD, Miles BJ, et al: Tumor behavior in transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder in relation to chromosomal markers and histopathology. Cancer Res 1987;47(24 Pt 1):6800-6805.
14. Vanni R, Scarpa RM, Nieddu M, Usai E: Cytogenetic investigation on 30 bladder carcinomas. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 1988;30:35-42.
15. Tyrkus M, Powell I, Fakr W: Cytogenetic studies of carcinoma in situ of the bladder. Prognostic implications. J Urol 1992;148: 44-46.
16. Poddighe PJ, Ramaekers FC, Smeets AW, et al: Structural chromosome 1 aberrations in transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder: Interphase cytogenetics combining a centromeric, telomeric, and library DNA probe. Cancer Res 1992;52:4929-4934.
17. Hopman AH, Moesker O, Smeets AW, et al: Numerical chromosome 1, 7, 9, and 11 aberrations in bladder cancer detected by in situ hybridization. Cancer Res 1991;51:644-651.
18. Waldman FM, Carroll PR, Kerschmann R, et al: Centromeric copy number of chromosome 7 is strongly correlated with tumor grade and labeling index in human bladder cancer. Cancer Res 1991;51:3807-3813.
19. Sauter G, Moch H, Moore D, et al: Heterogeneity of erbB-2 gene amplification in bladder cancer. Cancer Res 1993;53 (10 Suppl):2199-2203.
20. Sauter G, Carroll P, Moch H, et al: c-myc copy number gains in bladder cancer detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Am J Pathol 1995;146:1131-1139.
21. Sauter G, Deng G, Moch H, et al: Physical deletion of the p53 gene in bladder cancer. Detection by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Am J Pathol 1994;144:756-766.
22. Wheeless LL, Reeder JE, Han R, et al: Bladder irrigation specimens assayed by fluorescence in situ hybridization to interphase nuclei. Cytometry 1994;17:319-326.
23. Reddy EP, Reynolds RK, Santos E, Barbacid M: A point mutation is responsible for the acquisition of transforming properties by the T24 bladder carcinoma oncogene. Nature 1982; 300 (5888):149-152.
24. Fujita J, Srivastava SK, Kraus MH, et al: Frequency of molecular alterations affecting ras protooncogenes in human urinary tract tumors. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1985;82:3849-3853.
25. Visvanathan KV, Pocock RD, Summerhayes IC: Preferential and novel activation of Ha-ras in human bladder carcinoma. Oncogene Res 1988;3:77-86.
26. Czerniak B, Deitch D, Simmons H, et al: Ha-ras gene codon 12 mutations and DNA ploidy in urinary bladder carcinomas. Br J Cancer 1990;62:762-763.
27. Czerniak B, Cohen GL, Etkind P, et al: Concurrent mutations of coding and regulatory sequences of the Ha-ras gene in urinary bladder carcinomas. Human Pathol 1992;23:1199-1204.
28. Ooi A, Herz F, Setsuko I, et al: Ha-ras codon 12 mutation in papillary tumors of the urinary bladder. A retrospective study. Int J Oncol 1994;4:85-90.
29. Fitzgerald JM, Ramchurren N, Rieger K, et al: Identification of H-ras mutations in urine sediments complements cytology in the detection of bladder tumors. J Natl Cancer Inst 1995;87:129-133.
30. Neal DE, Marsh C, Bennet MK, et al: Epidermal-growth-factor receptors in human bladder cancer: Comparison of invasive and superficial tumors. Lancet 1985;1(8425):366-368.
31. Neal DE, Sharples L, Smith K, et al: The epidermal growth factor receptor and the prognosis of bladder cancer. Cancer 1990; 65:1619-1625.
32. Nguyen PL, Swanson PE, Jaszcz W, et al: Expression of epidermal growth factor receptor in invasive transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder. A multivariate survival analysis. Am J Clin Pathol 1994;101:166-176.
33. Wood DP Jr, Wartinger DD, Reuter V, et al: DNA, RNA and immunohistochemical characterization of the HER-2/neu oncogene in transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. J Urol 1991;146:1398-1401.
34. Sato K, Moriyama M, Mori S, et al. An immunohistologic evaluation of c-erbB-2 gene product in patients with urinary bladder carcinoma Cancer 1992;70:2493-2498.
35. Underwood M, Bartlett J, Reeves J, et al: C-erbB-2 gene amplification: A molecular marker in recurrent bladder tumors? Cancer Res 1995;55:2422-2430.
36. Momand J, Zambetti GP, Olson DC, et al: The mdm-2 oncogene product forms a complex with the p53 protein and inhibits p53-mediated transactivation. Cell 1992;69:1237-1245.
37. Oliner JD, Kinzler KW, Meltzer PS, et al: Amplification of a gene encoding a p53-associated protein in human sarcomas. [comment in: Nature 1992; 358 (6381): 15-16] Nature 1992; 358 (6381):80-83.
38. Lianes P, Orlow I, Zhang ZF, et al: Altered patterns of MDM2 and TP53 expression in human bladder cancer. [comment in: J Natl Cancer Inst 1994; 86:1265-1266] J Natl Cancer Inst 1994; 86:1325-1330.
39. Fearon ER, Feinberg AP, Hamilton SH, Vogelstein B: Loss of genes on the short arm of chromosome 11 in bladder cancer. Nature 1985;318 (6044):377-380.
40. Tsai YC, Nichols PW, Hiti AL, et al: Allelic losses of chromosome 9, 11, and 17 in human bladder cancer. Cancer Res 1990;50:44-17
41. Olumi AF, Tsai YC, Nichols PW, et al: Allelic loss of chromosome 17p distinguishes high grade from low grade transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. Cancer Res 1990;50:7081-7083.
42. Presti JC Jr, Reuter VE, Galan T, et al: Molecular genetic alterations in superficial and locally advanced human bladder cancer. Cancer Res 1991;51:5405-5409.
43. Dalbagni G, Presti J, Reuter V, et al: Genetic alterations in bladder cancer. [comment in: Lancet 1993; 342 (8880): 1184; comment in: Lancet 1993; 342 (8880); 1184-1185] Lancet 1993; 324 (8869):469-471.
44. Habuchi T, Ogawa O, Kakehi Y, et al: Accumulated allelic losses in the development of invasive urothelial cancer. Int J Cancer 1993;53:579-584.
45. Ishikawa J, Xu HJ, Hu SX, et al: Inactivation of the retinoblastoma gene in human bladder and renal cell carcinomas. Cancer Res 1991;51:5736-5743.
46. Cairns P, Proctor AJ, Knowles MA: Loss of heterozygosity at the RB locus is frequent and correlates with muscle invasion in bladder carcinoma. Oncogene 1991;6:2305-2309.
47. Cordon-Cardo C, Wartinger D, Petrylak D, et al: Altered expression of the retinoblastoma gene product: prognostic indicator in bladder cancer. [comment in: J Natl Cancer Inst 1992; 84:1226-1227] J Natl Cancer Inst 1992; 84:1251-1256.
48. Logothetis CJ, Xu HJ, Ro JY, et al: Altered expression of retinoblastoma protein and known prognostic variables in locally advanced bladder cancer. [comment in: J Natl Cancer Inst 1992; 84: 1226-1227] J Natl Cancer Inst 1992;84:1256-1261.
49. Sidransky D, Von Eschenbach A, Tsai YC, et al: Identification of p53 gene mutations in bladder cancers and urine samples. Science 1991;252 (5006):706-709.
50. Fujimoto K, Yamada Y, Okajima E, et al: Frequent association of p53 gene mutation in invasive bladder cancer. Cancer Res 1992;52:1393-1398.
51. Dalbagni G, Presti JC Jr, Reuter VE, et al: Molecular genetic alterations of chromosome 17 and p53 nuclear overexpression in human bladder cancer. Diag Mol Pathol 1993;2:4-13.
52. Cordon-Cardo C, Dalbagni D, Saez GT, et al: p53 mutations in human bladder cancer: Genotypic versus phenotypic patterns. Int J Cancer 1994;56:347-353.
53. Sarkis AS, Dalbagni G, Cordon-Cardo C, et al: Nuclear overexpression of p53 protein in transitional cell bladder carcinoma: a marker for disease progression. J Natl Cancer Inst 1993;85:53-59.
54. Sarkis AS, Zhang ZF, Cordon-Cardo C, et al: p53 nuclear overexpression and disease progression in Ta bladder carcinoma. Int J Oncol 1993;3:355-360.
55. Sarkis AS, Dalbagni G, Cordon-Cardo C, et al: Association of p53 nuclear overexpression and tumor progression in carcinoma in situ of the bladder. J Urol 1994; 152 (2 Pt 1):388-392.
56. Lipponen PK: Over-expression of p53 nuclear oncoprotein in transitional-cell bladder cancer and its prognostic value. Int J Cancer 1993;53:365-370
57. Esrig D, Elmajian D, Groshen S, et al: Accumulation of nuclear p53 and tumor progression in bladder cancer. [comment in: N Engl J Med 1995; 332:957-958] N Engl J Med 1994; 331:1259-1264.
58. Sarkis AS, Bajorin DF, Reuter VE, et al: The prognostic value of p53 nuclear overexpression in patients with invasive bladder cancer treated with neoadjuvant MVAC. J Clin Oncol 1995;13:1384-1390.
59. Cairns P, Shaw ME, Knowles MA: Preliminary mapping of the deleted region of chromosome 9 in bladder cancer. Cancer Res 1993;53:1230-1232.
60. Ruppert JM, Tokino K, Sidransky D: Evidence for two bladder cancer suppressor loci on human chromosome 9. Cancer Res 1994;53:5093-5095.
61. Orlow I, Lianes P, Lacombe L, et al: Chromosome 9 allelic losses and microsatellite alterations in human bladder tumors. Cancer Res 1994;54:2848-2851.
62. Kamb A, Gruis NA, Weaver-Feldhaus J, et al: A cell cycle regulator potentially involved in genesis of many tumor types. [comment in: Science 1994; 264 (5157):344-345; comment in: Science 1994; 265 (5170):415-417; comment in: Science 1995; 267 (5194): 15-16] Science 1994; 264 (5157):436-440.
63. Serrano M, Hannon GJ, Beach D: A new regulatory motif in cell-cycle control causing specific inhibition of cyclin D/CDK4. [comment in: Nature 1993; 366 (6456):634] Nature 1994 366 (6456): 704-707.
64. INK4B is a potential effector of TGF-beta-induced cell cycle arrest. [comment in: Nature 1994; 371 (6494): 204] Nature 1994; 371 (6494):257-261.
65. Cordon-Cardo C: Mutation of cell cycle regulators. Biological and clinical implications for human neoplasm. [Review] Am J Pathol 1995; 147:545-560.
66. Cairns P, Mao L, Merlo A, et al: Rates of p 16 (MTS1) mutations in primary tumors with 9p loss. [letter] [comment in: Science 1994; 264 (5157): 436-440] Science 1994;265 (5170):416-417.
67. rd, Gonzalez-Zulueta M, Shibata A, et al: p16 gene in uncultured tumours. [letter] [comment in: Nature 1994; 370 (6486): 180] Nature 1994; 370 (6486): 183-184.
68. Williamson MP, Elder PA, Shaw, ME, et al: p16(CDKN2) is a major deletion target at 9p21 in bladder cancer. Hum Mol Genet 1995;4:1569-1577.
69. Cairns P, Polascik TJ, Eby Y, et al: Frequency of homozygous deletion at p16/CDKN2 in primary human tumours. Nature Genet 1995;11:210-212.
70. Gruis NA, Weaver-Feldhaus J, Liu Q, et al: Genetic evidence in melanoma and bladder cancers that p16 and p53 function in separate pathways of tumor suppression. Am J Pathol 1995;146:1199-1206.
71. Orlow I, Lacombe L, Hannon GJ, et al: Deletion of the p16 and p15 genes in human bladder tumors. [comment in: J Natl Cancer Inst 1995; 87:1499-1501] J Natl Cancer Inst 1995;87:1524-1529.
72. rd, Ohneseit PF, Gonzalez-Zulueta M, et al: Two molecular pathways to transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. Cancer Res 1994;54:784-788.
73. Cordon-Cardo C, Dalbagni D, Sarkis A, Reuter VE: Genetic alterations associated with bladder cancer. In DeVita VT, Hellman S, Rosenberg SA (eds): "Important Advances in Oncology." Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1994, 71-84.