Mixed-species Plasmodium infections of humans

Journal of Parasitology

Volumn 83, Issue 4, 1997, Pages 593-600

  McKenzie, F Ellis ^a   Bossert, William H ^a  

^a HARVARD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; EVOLUTION; MALARIA; MALARIA CONTROL; NONHUMAN; PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PLASMODIUM MALARIAE; PLASMODIUM VIVAX; PREVALENCE;

ANIMALS; HUMANS; MALARIA; MALARIA, FALCIPARUM; MALARIA, VIVAX; PLASMODIUM MALARIAE; PREVALENCE;

PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PLASMODIUM MALARIAE; PLASMODIUM VIVAX;

EID: 0030747715     PISSN: 00223395     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/3284229     Document Type: Article

References (85)

1. ADAK, T., C. P. BATRA, R K. MITTAL, AND V. P. SHARMA. 1994. Epidemiological study of malaria outbreak in a hotel construction site of Delhi. Indian Journal of Malariology 31: 126-131.
2. ANSARI, M. A., V. P. SHARMA, R. K. RAZDAN, AND C. P. BATRA. 1986. Malaria situation in Meerut district villages (U.P). Indian Journal of Malariology 23: 147-150.
3. ARAI, M., C. MIZUKOSHI, F. KUBOCHI, T. KAKUTANI, AND Y. WATAYA. 1994. Detection of Plasmodium falciparum in human blood by a nested polymerase chain reaction. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 51: 617-626.
4. BARKER, R. H. JR., L. SUEBSAENG, W. ROONEY, AND D. F. WIRTH. 1989. Detection of Plasmodium falciparum infection in human patients: A comparison of the DNA probe method to microscopic diagnosis. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 41: 266-272.
5. BLACK, J., M. HOMMEL, G. SNOUNOU, AND M. PINDER. 1994. Mixed infections with Plasmodium falciparum and P. malariae and fever in malaria. Lancet i: 1095.
6. BOOTH, M., AND D. A. P. BUNDY. 1992. Comparative prevalences of Ascaris lumbricoides. Trichuris trichiura and hookworm infections and the prospects for combined control. Parasitology 105: 151-157.
7. BOYD, M. F., AND S. H KITCHEN. 1937. Simultaneous inoculation with Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax. American Journal of Tropical Medicine 17: 855-861.
8. BROWN, A. E., K. C. KAIN, J. PIPITHKUL, AND H. K. WEBSTER. 1992. Demonstration by the polymerase chain reaction of mixed Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax infections undetected by conventional microscopy. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 86: 609-612.
9. CHOUDHURY, D. S., V. R SHARMA, S. C. BHALLA, S. S. AGGARWAL, AND S. K. DAS. 1987. Malaria prevalence in patients attending primary health centres in ten districts of Uttar Pradesh. Indian Journal of Malariology 24: 79-83.
10. COHEN, J. E. 1971. Estimation and interaction in a censored 2 × 2 × 2 contingency table. Biometrics 27: 379-386.
11. _. 1973. Heterologous immunity in human malaria. Quarterly Review of Biology 48: 467-489.
12. DE ARRUDA, M., M. B. CARVALHO, R. S. NUSSENZWEIG, M. MARACIC, A. W. FERREIRA, AND A. H. COCHRANE. 1986. Potential vectors of malaria and their different susceptibility to Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax in northern Brazil identified by immunoassay. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 35: 873-881.
13. DOBSON, A. P. 1985. The population dynamics of competition between parasites. Parasitology 91: 317-347.
14. _. 1990. Models for multi-species parasite-host communities. In Parasite communities: Patterns and processes, G. W. Esch, A. O. Bush, and J. M. Aho (eds.). Chapman and Hall, London, U.K., p. 261-288.
15. _, AND M. ROBERTS. 1994. The population dynamics of parasitic helminth communities. Parasitology 109: s97-s108.
16. DOSSOU-YOVO, J., A. OUATTARA, J. M. C. DOANNIO, F. RIVIERE, G. CHAUVANCY, AND J. Y. MEUNIER. 1994. Aspects du paludisme dans un village de savane humide de Cote d'Ivoire. Medecine Tropicale 54: 331-336.
17. DUTTA, P., AND D. R. BHATTACHARYYA. 1990. Malaria survey in some parts of Namsang circle of Tirap district, Arunachal Pradesh. Journal of Communicable Diseases 22: 92-97.
18. _, _, AND L. P. DUTTA. 1991. Epidemiological observations on malaria in some parts of Tengakhat PHC, Dibrugarh district, Assam. Indian Journal of Malariology 28: 121-128.
19. _, _, S. A. KHAN, C. K. SHARMA, AND B. K. GOSWAMI. 1994. Some observations on malaria in Boko PHC of Kamrup district, Assam. Journal of Communicable Diseases 26: 52-55.
20. EJEZIE, G. C., E. N. U. EZEDINACHI, E. A. USANGA, E. I. I. GEMADE, N. W. IKPATT, AND A. A. A. ALARIBE. 1991. Malaria and its treatment in rural villages of Aboh Mbaise, Imo state, Nigeria. Acta Tropica 48: 17-24.
21. ESCH, G. W., A. O. BUSH, AND J. M. AHO. 1990. Parasite communities: Patterns and processes. Chapman and Hall, London, U.K., 335 p.
22. FERNANDEZ, J., AND G. W. ESCH. 1991. Guild structure of larval trematodes in the snail Helisoma anceps: Patterns and processes at the individual host level. Journal of Parasitology 77: 528-539.
23. Fox, E., AND G. T. STRICKLAND. 1989. The interrelationship of Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax in the Punjab. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 83: 471-473.
24. _, _, M. SARWAR, M. SHAMIM, A. ZAFAR-LATIF, AND A. A. KHALIQ. 1987. Reliable assessment of malaria prevalence through village clinics. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 81: 115-117.
25. FRIEDENREICH, C. M. 1993. Methods for pooled analyses of epidemiologic studies. Epidemiology 4: 295-302.
26. GAZIN, P., F. BOILLOT, J. B. OUEDRAOGO, P. CARNEVALE, AND P. AMBROISE-THOMAS. 1987. Effectiveness of single dose treatment with chloroquine of malaria in West Africa and measurement of chloroquine urinary excretion. Annales de la Societe Belge de Medecine Tropicale 67: 329-334.
27. GENTON, B., T. SMITH, K. BAEA, A. NARARA, F. AL-YAMAN, H.-P. BECK, J. HII, AND M. ALPERS. 1994. Malaria: How useful arc clinical criteria for improving the diagnosis in a highly endemic area? Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 88: 537-541.
28. GOPINATHAN, V. P., AND A. R. SUBRAMANIAN. 1982. Pernicious syndromes in Plasmodium infections. Medical Journal of Australia 2: 568-572.
29. _, AND _. 1986. Vivax and falciparum malaria seen at an Indian service hospital. Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 89: 51-55.
30. GRAVES, P. M., T. R. BURKOT, R. CARTER, J. A. CATTANI, M. LAGOG, J. PARKER, B. J. BRABIN, F. D. GIBSON, D. J. BRADLEY, AND M. P. ALPERS. 1988. Measurement of malarial infectivity of human populations to mosquitoes in the Madang area, Papua New Guinea. Parasitology 96: 251-263.
31. HEDGES, L. V., AND I. OLKIN. 1985. Statistical methods for meta-analysis. Academic Press, Orlando, Florida, 369 p.
32. HEDMAN, P., L. ROMBO, A. BJORKMAN, J. BROHULT, C. M. KIHAMIA, J. POTTER, AND J. STENBECK. 1986. Sensitivity in vivo of Plasmodium falciparum to chloroquine and pyrimethamine/sulfadoxine in a coastal area of Tanzania. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology 80: 7-11.
33. KENNEDY, C. R. 1975. Ecological animal parasitology. Blackwell Scientific Publishers, Oxford, U.K., 163 p.
34. _, AND A. O. BUSH. 1992. Species richness in helminth communities: The importance of multiple congeners. Parasitology 104: 189-197.
35. KNOWLES, R., AND R. S. WHITE. 1930. Studies in the parasitology of malaria. Indian Medical Research Memoirs, No. 18, Calcutta, India, 436 p.
36. KREMSNER, P. G., G. M. ZOTTER, W. GRANINGER, R. M. ROCHA, U. BIENZLE, AND H. FELDMEIER, 1989. Clindamycin is effective against Plasmodium falciparum but not against P. vivax in mixed infections. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 83: 332-333.
37. LASERSON, K. F., I. PETRALANDA, D. M. HAMLIN, R. ALMERA, M. FUENTES, A. CARRASQUEL, AND R. H. BARKER JR. 1994. Use of the polymerase chain reaction to directly detect malaria parasites in blood samples from the Venezuelan Amazon. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 50: 169-180.
38. LOOAREESUWAN, S., N. J. WHITE, S. CHITTAMAS, D. BUNNAG, AND T. HARINASUTA. 1987. High rate of Plasmodium vivax relapse following treatment of falciparum malaria in Thailand. Lancet ii: 1052-1054.
39. LOTZ, J. M., A. O. BUSH, AND W. F FONT. 1995. Recruitment-driven, spatially discontinuous communities: A null model for transferred patterns in target communities of intestinal helminths. Journal of Parasitology 81: 12-24.
40. _, AND W. F. FONT. 1991. The role of positive and negative associations in the organization of communities of intestinal helminths of bats. Parasitology 103: 127-138.
41. _, AND _. 1994. Excess positive associations in communities of intestinal helminths of bats: A refined null hypothesis and a test of the facilitation hypothesis. Journal of Parasitology 80: 398-413.
42. MALHOTRA, M. S., R. P. SHUKLA, AND V. P. SHARMA. 1985a. Studies on the incidence of malaria in Gadarpur town of Terai, distt. Nainital, U.P. Indian Journal of Malariology 22: 57-60.
43. _, _, AND _. 1985b. A three year report of the malaria clinic in Haldwani, district Nainital, U.P. Indian Journal of Malariology 22: 123-126.
44. MATHUR, K. K., G. HARPALANI, N. L. KALRA, G. G. K. MURTHY, AND M. V. V. L. NARASIMHAM. 1992. Epidemic of malaria in Barmer district (Thar desert) of Rajasthan during 1990. Indian Journal of Malariology 29: 1-10.
45. MAYNE, B., AND M. D. YOUNG. 1938. Antagonism between species of malaria parasites in induced mixed infections. Public Health Reports 53: 1289-1291.
46. MOLINEAUX, L. 1988. The epidemiology of human malaria as an explanation of its distribution, including some implications for its control, In Malaria, W. H. Wernsdorfer and I. McGregor (eds.). Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh, U.K., p. 913-998.
47. _, AND G. GRAMICCIA. 1980. The Garki Project. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, 311 p.
48. _, J. STOREY, J. E. COHEN, AND A. THOMAS. 1980. A longitudinal study of human malaria in the West African savanna in the absence of control measures: Relationships between different Plasmodium species, in particular P. falciparum and P. malariae. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 29: 725-737.
49. NALIN, D. R., F. MAHOOD, H. RATHOR, A. MUTTALIB, R. SAKAI, M. A. CHOWDHKY, G. SAFDAR, I. UL HAQ, M. MUNIR, M. SULEIMAN, M. BASHIR, AND S. M. MUJTABA. 1985. A point survey of periurban and urban malaria in Karachi. Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 88: 7-15.
50. NGUYEN, C. D., AND J. S. KEYSTONE. 1989. Mixed falciparum and vivax malaria in Canadian travellers. Canadian Medical Association Journal 141: 101-104.
51. NOBLE, E. R. 1960. Fishes and their parasite-mix as objects for ecological studies. Ecology 41: 593-596.
52. NOSTEN, F., S. IMVITHAYA, M. VINCENTI, G. DELMAS, G. LEBIHAN, B. HAUSLER, AND N. WHITE. 1987. Malaria on the Thai-Burmese border: Treatment of 5192 patients with mefloquine-sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 65: 891-896.
53. _, F. TER KUILE, L. MAELANKIRRI, B. DECLUDT, AND N. J. WHITE. 1991. Malaria during pregnancy in an area of unstable endemicity. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 85: 425-429.
54. PAGANO, M., AND K. GAUVREAU. 1993. Principles of biostatistics. Duxbury Press, Belmont, California, 524 p.
55. PETERS, W., AND H. STANDFAST. 1957. Report on a malaria survey in the Sepik district. Medical Journal of Australia 1: 861-868.
56. PRASAD, R. N., AND S. N. SHARMA, 1990. Outbreak of malaria in Banda PHC of district Shahjahanpur (U.P.). Indian Journal of Malariology 27: 47-50.
57. RACCURT, C. P., C. BOURIANNE, M. T. LAMBERT, J. TRIBOULEY, O. MANDJI, A. AMADOU, J. BOULOMIE, AND C. RIPERT. 1993. Indices paludometriques, ecologie larvaire et activite trophique des Anopheles a Djohong (Adamaoua, Cameroun) en saison des pluies. Medecine Tropicale 53: 355-361.
58. RAY, P., M. A. ANSARI, AND Y. D. SHARMA. 1994. Plasmodium vivax: Immune responses in a cross-section of the population in the Delhi area of India. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 51: 436-443.
59. RELF, W. A., R. E. BOREHAM, P. TAPCHAISRI, S. KHUSMITH, A. HEALEY, P. UPCROFT, S. THARAVANIJ, AND C. KIDSON. 1990. Diagnosis of Plasmodium vivax malaria using a specific deoxyribonucleic acid probe. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 84: 630-634.
60. RICHIE, T. L. 1988. Interactions between malaria parasites infecting the same vertebrate host. Parasitology 96: 607-639.
61. ROCHE, J., J. A. DE DIEGO, P. PENIN, M. SANTOS, AND J. DEL REY. 1991. An epidemiological study of malaria in Bioko and Annobon islands (Equatorial Guinea). Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology 85: 477-487.
62. ROSENBERG, R., R. G. ANDRE, S. NGAMPATOM, C. HATZ, AND R. BURGE. 1990. A stable, oligosymptomatic malaria focus in Thailand. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 84: 14-21.
63. SCHAD, G. A. 1963. Niche diversification in a parasitic species flock. Nature 198: 404-406.
64. SCHAPIRA, A., AND F. DA COSTA. 1988. Studies on malaria prophylaxis with chlorproguanil or chloroquine in Mozambique. Central African Journal of Medicine 34: 44-49.
65. SCHUURKAMP, G. J. T. 1992. The epidemiology of malaria and filariasis in the Ok Tedi region of Western province, Papua New Guinea. Ph.D. thesis. University of Papua New Guinea, Port Moresby, 341 p.
66. SCOTT, M. E., AND H. C. GIBBS. 1986. Long-term population dynamics of pinworms (Syphacia obvelata and Aspiculuris tetraptera) in mice. Journal of Parasitology 72: 652-662.
67. SHARMA, V. P., H. C. UPRETY, P. K. SRIVASTAVA, AND R. K. CHANDRAHAS. 1985. Studies on malaria transmission in hutments of Delhi. Indian Journal of Malariology 22: 77-84.
68. SHUTE, P. G. 1946. Latency and long-term relapses in benign tertian malaria. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 40: 189-200.
69. SINGH, N., V. P. SHARMA, M. M. SHUKLA, AND G. CHAND. 1988. Malaria outbreak in Kundam block, district Jabalpur (M.P.). Indian Journal of Malariology 25: 41-49.
70. _, _, A. K. MISHRA, AND O. P. SINGH. 1989. Bio-environmental control of malaria in a tribal area of Mandla district, Madhya Pradesh, India. Indian Journal of Malariology 26: 103-120.
71. _, M. M. SHUKLA, R. SRIVASTAVA AND V. P. SHARMA. 1995. Prevalence of malaria among pregnant and non-pregnant women of district Jabalpur. Madhya Pradesh. Indian Journal of Malariology 32: 6-13.
72. SNOUNOU, G., L. PISHEIRO, A. GONCALVES, L. FONSECA, F. DIAS, K. N. BROWN, AND V. E. DO ROSARIO. 1993. The importance of sensitive detection of malaria parasites in the human and insect hosts in epidemiological studies, as shown by the analysis of field samples from Guinea Bissau. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 87: 649-653.
73. _, S. VIRIYAKOSOL, W. JARRA, S. THAITHONG, AND K. N. BROWN. 1993. Identification of the four human malaria parasite species in field samples by the polymerase chain reaction and detection of a high prevalence of mixed infections. Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology 58: 283-292.
74. SOKAL, R. R., AND F. J. ROHLF. 1981. Biometry. W. H. Freeman Co., New York, New York, 859 p.
75. SORO, B., C. E. DAVIS, F. M. PEYRON, F. YAO, Z. M. SAKI, P. NGUYEN-DINH, AND J. G. BREMAN. 1989. Formulation of malaria treatment policy for children in Cote d'Ivoire as chloroquine resistant Plasmodium falciparum spreads into West Africa. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology 83: 101-106.
76. STOCK, T. M., AND J. C. HOLMES. 1988. Functional relationships and microhabitat distributions of enteric helminths of grebes (Podicipedidae): The evidence for interactive communities. Journal of Parasitology 74: 214-227.
77. STRICKLAND, G. T., E. FOX, AND H. HADI. 1988. Malaria and splenomegaly in the Punjab. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 82: 667-670.
78. _, A. ZAFIR-LATIF, E. FOX, A. A. KHALIQ, AND M. A. CHOWDHRY. 1987. Endemic malaria in four villages of the Pakistani province of Punjab. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 81: 36-41.
79. SULZER, A. J., R. CANTELLA, A. COLICHON, N. N. GLEASON, AND K. W. WALLS. 1975. A focus of hyperendemic Plasmodium malariae-P. vivax with no P. falciparum in a primitive population in the Peruvian Amazon jungle. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 52: 273-278.
80. TAKAGI, T., S. KANO, G. MASUDA, AND M. SUZUKI. 1988. Submicroscopic double infection of Plasmodium falciparum in P. vivax malaria. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 82: 384.
81. THAYER, W. S., AND J. HEWETSON. 1895. The malarial fevers of Baltimore. The Johns Hopkins Press, Baltimore, Maryland, 218 p.
82. THOMSON, J. G. 1934. Malaria in Nyasaland. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine 28: 391-404.
83. WARSAME, M., H. PERLMANN, S. ALI, H. HAGI, S. FARAH, M. LEBBAD, AND A. BJORKMAN. 1989. The seroreactivity against Pf155 (RESA) antigen in villagers from a mesoendemic area in Somalia. Tropical Medicine and Parasitology 40: 412-414.
84. WILSON, D. B. 1936. Rural hyper-endemic malaria in Tanganyika territory. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 29: 583-619.
85. YADAV, R. N., S. N. TIWARI, P. K. TYAGI, A. K. KULSHRESTHA, AND A. PRAKASH. 1993. Malaria in Shankargarh PHC, Allahabad district (U.P.): a clinical report. Indian Journal of Malariology 30: 9-16.