Immuno-electron microscopy of the thymic epithelial microenvironment

Microscopy Research and Technique

Volumn 38, Issue 3, 1997, Pages 237-249

  Von Gaudecker, Brita ^a   Kendall, Marion D ^b   Ritter, Mary A ^c  

^a Kiel and Lungen Clinic Grosshansdorf   (Germany)

^b BABRAHAM INSTITUTE   (United Kingdom)

^c IMPERIAL COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Immuno electron microscopy; Monoclonal antibodies; Thymus epithelium

Indexed keywords

CELL CULTURE; CELL MEMBRANES; CELL PROLIFERATION; ELECTRON MICROSCOPES; ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; ENZYME ACTIVITY; MOLECULES; T-CELLS; THYMUS;

CELL DEVELOPMENT; CELLULAR DISTRIBUTIONS; CLASS II; CORTEXES; CYTOKERATINS; EPITHELIAL CELLS; IMMUNO-ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; MICROENVIRONMENTS; PROGENITOR CELL; THYMUS EPITHELIUM;

MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES;

MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGEN CLASS 2; THYMULIN;

ANTIGEN EXPRESSION; ARTICLE; CELL ULTRASTRUCTURE; EPITHELIUM CELL; HUMAN; IMMUNOELECTRON MICROSCOPY; LYMPHOBLAST; MACROPHAGE; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; THYMOCYTE; THYMUS; TISSUE FIXATION;

EID: 0030742876     PISSN: 1059910X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0029(19970801)38:3<237::AID-JEMT5>3.0.CO;2-J     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. Auger, C., Monier, J.C., Dardenne, M., Pleau, J.M., and Bach, J.F. (1982) Identification of FTS (facteur thymique serique) on thymus ultrathin sections using monoclonal antibodies. Immunol. Lett., 5:213-216.
2. Bhattacharya, A., Dorf, M.E., and Springer, T.A. (1981) A shared alloantigenic determinant on Ia antigens encoded by the I-A and I-E subregions: Evidence for I region duplication. J. Immunol., 127:2488-2495.
3. Boyd, R.L., Tucek, C.L., Godfrey, D.I., Izon, D.J., Wilson, T.J., Davidson, N.J., Bean, A.G.D., Ladyman, H.M., Ritter, M.A., and Hugo, P. (1993) The thymic microenvironment. Immunol. Today, 14:445-449.
4. Dardenne, M., and Bach, J.-F. (1988) Functional biology of thymic hormones. Thymus Update, 1:101-116.
5. de Maagd, R.A., Mackenzie, W.A., Schuurman, H.-J., Ritter, M.A., Price, K.M., Broekhuizen, R., and Kater, L. (1985) The human thymus microenvironment: Heterogeneity detected by monoclonal anti-epithelial cell antibodies. Immunology, 54:745-754.
6. Fabien, N., Auger, C., and Monier, J.-C. (1988) Immunolocalisation of thymosin alpha 1, thymopoietin and thymulin in mouse thymic epithelial cells at different stages of culture: A light and electron microscopic study. Immunology, 63:721-727.
7. Farr, A.G., and Nakane, P.K. (1983) Cells bearing Ia antigens in the murine thymus: An ultrastructural study. Am. J. Pathol., 111:88-97.
8. Fathman, C.G., Cove, J.L., Sharrow, S.W., Tryrer, H., and Sachs, D.H. (1975) Ia alloantigen(s) detected on thymocytes by use of a fluorescence-activated cell sorter. J. Immunol., 115:584-589.
9. Galy, A.H., Hadden, E.M., Touraine, J.L., and Hadden, J.W. (1989) Effects of cytokines on human thymic epithelial cells in culture: IL-1 induces thymic epithelial cell proliferation and change in morphology. Cell. Immunol., 124:13-27.
10. Hodgkin, P.D., Bond, M.W., O'Garra, A., Frank, G., Lee, F., Coffman, R.L., Zlotnik, A., and Howard, M. (1988) Identification of IL-6 as a T cell-derived factor that enhances the proliferative response of thymocytes to IL-4 and phorbol myristate acetate. J. Immunol., 141:151-157.
11. Imami, N., Ladyman, H.M., Spanopoulou, E., and Ritter, M.A. (1992) A novel adhesion molecule in the murine thymic microenvironment: functional and biochemical analysis. Dev. Immunol., 2:161-173.
12. Imami, N., Larché, M., and Ritter, M.A. (1994) Inhibition of alloreactivity by mAb MR6: Differential effects on IL-2-and IL-4-producing human T cells. Int. Immunol., 10:1575-1584.
13. Kampinga, J., Bergers, S., Boyd, R., Brekelmans, P., Colic, M., van Ewijk, W., Kendall, M.D., Ladyman, H.M., Nieuwenhuis, P., Ritter, M.A., Schuurman, H.-J., and Tournefier, A. (1989) Thymic epithelial antibodies: Immunohistological analysis and introduction of nomenclature. Thymus, 13:165-173.
14. Kanariou, M., Huby, R., Ladyman, H.M., Colic, M., Sivolapenko, G., Lampert, I.A., and Ritter, M.A. (1989) Immunosuppression with cyclosporin A alters the thymic microenvironment. Clin. Exp. Immunol., 78:263-270.
15. Kendall, M.D. (1991) Functional anatomy of the thymic microenvironment. J. Anat., 177:1-29.
16. Kendall, M.D., and Stebbings, R. (1994) Review: The endocrine thymus. Endocr. J., 2:333-339.
17. Kendall, M.D., Morgan, G., Billingsley, S.A., and Clarke, A. (1991) An immuno-EM study of epithelial cells, macrophages and phagocytosis in the mouse thymus. In: Lymphatic Tissues and In Vivo Immune Responses. S. Ezine, S. Berrih-Aknin, and B. Imhof, eds. Marcel Dekker Inc., New York, pp. 95-99.
18. Ladyman, H., Boyd, R., Brekelmans, P., Colic, M., van Ewijk, W., von Gaudecker, B., Kampinga, J., Kendall, M., Nieuwenhuis, P., Schuurman, H.-J., Tournefier, A. and Ritter, M.A. (1991) Monoclonal anti-epithelial antibody workshop II: Flow cytometric and biochemical analysis of thymic epithelial cell heterogeneity. In: Lymphatic Tissues and In Vivo Immune Responses. S. Ezine, S. Berrih-Aknin, and B. Imhof, eds. Marcel Dekker Inc., New York, pp. 15-20.
19. Lampert, I.A., and Ritter, M.A. (1988) The origin of the diverse epithelial cells of the thymus: Is there a common stem cell? Thymus Update, 1:2-25.
20. Larché, M., Lamb, J.R., O'Hehir, R.E., Imami-Shita, N., Zanders, E.D., Quint, D.E., Moqbel, R., and Ritter, M.A. (1988) Functional evidence for a monoclonal antibody that binds to the human interleukin-4 receptor. Immunology, 65:617-622.
21. Mat, I., Larché, M., Melcher, D., and Ritter, M.A. (1990) Tumour-associated upregulation of the IL-4 receptor complex. Br. J. Cancer, 62(Suppl. 10):96-98.
22. Mat, I., Melcher, D., and Ritter, M.A. (1991) Epithelial cell expression of IL-4 receptor complex. In: Lymphatic Tissues and In Vivo Immune Responses. S. Ezine, S. Berrih-Aknin, and B. Imhof, eds. Marcel Dekker Inc., New York, pp. 27-32.
23. Monier, J.C., Dardenne, M., Pleau, J.M., Schmitt, D., Deschaux, P., and Bach, J.F. (1980) Characterization of the facteur thymique serique (FTS) in the thymus. I. Fixation of the anti-FTS antibodies on thymic reticulo-epithelial cells. Clin. Exp. Immunol., 42:470-476.
24. Palmer, D.B., Viney, J.L., Ritter, M.A., Hayday, A.C., and Owen, M.J. (1993) Expression of the αβ T-cell receptor is necessary for the generation of the thymic medulla. Dev. Immunol., 3:175-179.
25. Paul, W.E., and Seder, R.A. (1994) Lymphocyte responses and cytokines. Cell, 76:241-251.
26. Perry, M.E., Brown, K.A., von Gaudecker, B. (1992) Ultrastructural identification and distribution of the adhesion molecules ICAM-1 and LFA-1 in the vascular and extravascular compartments of the human palatime tousil. Cell Tissue Res., 268:317-326.
27. Ritter, M.A., and Boyd, R.L. (1993) Development in the thymus: It takes two to tango. Immunol. Today, 14:462-469.
28. Ritter, M.A., and Crispe, I.N. (1992) The Thymus. IRL In Focus series. Oxford University Press.
29. Ritter, M.A., and Haynes, B.F. (1987) Summary of thymic epithelium workshop. In: Leucocyte Typing, Vol. 3. A. McMichael, eds: A.J. McMichael, P.C.L. Beverley, S. Cobbold, M.J. Crumpton, W. Gilks, F.M. Gotch, N. Hogg, M. Horton, N. Ling, I.C.M. Mac Lennan, D.Y. Mason, C. Milstein, D. Spiegelhalter, and H. Waldmann. Oxford University Press, pp. 247-248.
30. Ritter, M.A., Sauvage, C.A., and Cotmore, S.F. (1981) The human thymus microenvironment: In vitro identification of the thymic nurse cells and other antigenically-distinct subpopulations of epithelial cells. Immunology, 44:439-446.
31. Ritter, M.A., Zylstra, J., Kaminski, A., Sareen, A., and Ladyman, H.M. (1991) Molecular heterogeneity within the subcapsular/medullary epithelial subpopulation of thymic epithelium. In: Lymphatic Tissues and In Vivo Immune Responses. S. Ezine, S. Berrih-Aknin, and B. Imhof, eds. Marcel Dekker, New York, pp. 21-25.
32. Röpke, C., van Soest, P., Platenburg, P.P., and van Ewijk, W. (1995) A common stem cell for murine cortical and medullary thymic epitheliai cells. Dev. Immunol. 4:149-156.
33. Schmitt, D., Monier, J.C., Dardenne, M., Pleau, J.M., Deschaux, P., and Bach, J.F. (1980) Cytoplasmic localisation of FTS (facteur thymique serique) in thymic epithelial cells. An immuno-electronmicroscopical study. Thymus, 2:177-186.
34. Schmitt, D., Monier, J.C., Dardenne, M., Pleau, J.M., and Bach, J.F. (1982) Location of FTS (facteur thymique serique) in the thymus of normal and auto-immune mice. Thymus, 4:221-231.
35. Schuurman, H.-J., Ritter, M.A., Broekhuizen, R., Ladyman, H., and Larché, M. (1987) The thymic epithelium panel of antibodies. Histologic analysis of human tissues. In: Leucocyte Typing, Vol. 3. A. McMichael, P.C.L. Beverley, S. Cobbold, M.J. Crumpton, W. Gilks, F.M. Gotch, N. Hogg, M. Horton, N. Ling, I.C.M. Mac Lennan, D.Y. Mason, C. Milstein, D. Spiegelhalter, and H. Waldmann (eds). Oxford. Oxford University Press, pp. 259-262.
36. Sideras, P., Funa, K., Zalcbere-Quintana, I., Xanthopoulos, K.G., Kisielow, P., and Palacios, R. (1988) Analysis by in situ hybridization of cells expressing mRNA for interleukin 4 in their developing thymus and in peripheral lymphocytes from mice. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 85:218-221.
37. Stefanini, M., de Martino, C., and Zamboni, L. (1967) Fixation of ejaculated spermatozoa for electron microscopy. Nature, 216:173-174.
38. van de Wijngaert, F.P., Rademakers, L.P.H.M., Schuurman, H.J., de Weger, R.A., and Kater, L. (1983) Identification and in situ localisation of the "thymic nurse cell" in man. J. Immunol., 130:2348-2351.
39. van de Wijngaert, F.P., Kendall, M.D., Schuurman, H.-J., Rademakers, L.P.H.M., and Kater, L. (1984) Heterogeneity of epithelial cells in the human thymus. An ultrastructural study. Cell Tissue Res., 237:227-237.
40. van Ewijk, W. (1988) Cell surface topography of thymic microenvironments. Lab. Invest., 59:579-590.
41. van Ewijk, W., Rouse, R.V., and Weissman, I.L. (1980) Distribution of H-2 microenvironments in the mouse thymus. J. Histochem. Cytochem., 28:1089-1099.
42. van Ewijk, W., Shores, E.W., and Singer, A. (1994) Cross talk in the mouse thymus. Immunol. Today, 15:214-217.
43. van Vliet, E., Melis, M., and van Ewijk, W. (1984) Monoclonal antibodies to stromal cell types in the mouse. Eur. J. Immunol., 14:524-529.
44. von Gaudecker, B. (1986) The development of the human thymus microenvironment. In: The Human Thymus: Histophysiology and Pathology. Current Topics of Pathology, Vol. 75. H.K. Müller-Hermelink, ed. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, pp. 1-41.
45. von Gaudecker, B. (1991) Review article: Functional histology of the human thymus. Anat. Embryol., 183:1-5.
46. von Gaudecker, B., Steinman, G.G., Hansmann, M.L., Harpprecht, J., Milicevic, N.M., and Müller-Hermelink, H.K. (1986) Immunohistochemical characterisation of the thymic microenvironment - a light-microscopic and ultrastructural immunocytochemical study. Cell Tissue Res., 244:403-412.
47. von Gaudecker, B., Larché, M., Schuurman, H.-J., and Ritter, M.A. (1989a) Analysis of the fine distribution of thymic epithelial microenvironmental molecules by immuno-electron microscopy. Thymus, 13:187-194.
48. von Gaudecker, B., Ulrichs, K., and Müller-Ruchhlotz, W. (1989b) Immuno-electron microscopic localisation of MHC structures in isolated pancreatic rat islets. Diabetes, 38:150-153.
49. Willcox, N., Schleup, M., Ritter, M.A., Schuurman, H.-J., Newsom-Davis, J., and Christensson, B. (1987) Myasthenic and nonmyasthenic thymoma. An expansion of a minor cortical epithelial cell subset. Am. J. Pathol., 127:447-460.