Plasma and tissue concentrations of fluconazole and their correlation to breakpoints

Mycoses

Volumn 40, Issue 1-2, 1997, Pages 25-32

  Pittrow, L ^a   Penk, A ^a  

^a PFIZER INC   (United States)

Author keywords

Antifungal susceptibility testing; Antimycotic chemotherapy; Breakpoints; Clinical outcome; Fluconazole; Immunostatus; NCCLS M27 T standard; Plasma concentrations; Tissue concentrations

Indexed keywords

FLUCONAZOLE;

ARTICLE; CANDIDA; CRYPTOCOCCUS NEOFORMANS; DRUG BLOOD LEVEL; DRUG TISSUE LEVEL; HUMAN; IN VITRO STUDY; MINIMUM INHIBITORY CONCENTRATION; MYCOSIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

CANDIDA; FILOBASIDIELLA NEOFORMANS; FUNGI;

EID: 0030742392     PISSN: 09337407     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0507.1997.tb00167.x     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. Drusano, G. L. (1988) Role of pharmacokinetics in the outcome of infections. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 32, 289-297.
2. Boyle, F. T., Ryley, J. F. & Wilson, R. G. (1987) In in vitro-in vivo correlations with azole antifungals. In: Fromtling R. A. (ed) Recent Trends in the Discovery, Development and Evaluation of Antifungal Agents. Barcelona: JR Prous Science Publishers, pp. 31-41.
3. Greenwood, D. (1981) In vitro veritas? Antimicrobial susceptibility tests and their clinical relevance. J. Infect. Dis. 144, 380-385.
4. In: Rex, J. H., Pfaller, M. A., Barry, A. L., Nelson, P. W. & Webb, C. D. for the NIAID Mycoses Study Group and the Candidemia Study Group. (1995) Antifungal susceptibility testing of isolates from a randomized, multicenter trial of fluconazole versus amphotericin B as a treatment of nonneutropenic patients with candidemia. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 39, 40-44.
5. Troke, P. F., Andrews, R. J., Pye, G. W. & Richardson, K. (1990) Fluconazole and other azoles: translation of in vitro activity to in vivo and clinical efficacy. Rev. Infect. Dis. 12 (Suppl. 3), S276-S280.
6. Pfaller, M. A. & Rinaldi, M. G. (1993) Antifungal susceptibility testing. Infect. Dis. Clin. North Am. 7, 435-444.
7. Sanders, W. E. Jr. & Sanders, C. C. (1982) Do in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility tests accurately predict therapeutic responsiveness in infected patients? In: Lorian V. (ed.) Significance of Medical Microbiology in the Care of Patients. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 2nd edn., pp. 325-340.
8. Stratton, C. W. IV. (1991) In vitro testing: correlations between bacterial susceptibility, body fluid levels and effectiveness of antibacterial therapy. In: Lorian V. (ed.) Antibiotics in Laboratory Medicine, 3rd edn. Baltimore: William & Wilkins, pp. 849-879.
9. Kobayashi, G. S. & Spitzer, E. D. (1989) Testing of organisms for susceptibility to triazoles: is it justified? Eur. J. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 8, 387-389.
10. Odds, F. C. (1988) Candida and candidosis.
11. In: Kobayashi, G. S. & Spitzer, E. D. (1989) Testing of organisms for susceptibility to triazoles: is it justified? Eur. J. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 8, 387-389.
12. Ghannoum, M. A., Rex, J. H. & Galgiani, J. N. (1996) Susceptibility testing of fungi: current status of correlation of in vitro data with clinical outcome. J. Clin. Microbiol. 34, 489-495.
13. Rex, J. H., Pfaller, M. A., Barry, A. L., Nelson, P. W. & Webb, C. D. for the NIAID Mycoses Study Group and the Candidemia Study Group. (1995) Antifungal susceptibility testing of isolates from a randomized, multicenter trial of fluconazole versus amphotericin B as a treatment of nonneutropenic patients with candidemia. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 39, 40-44.
14. Witt, M. D., Lewis, R. J Larsen, R. A. et al. (1996) Identification of patients with acute AIDS-associated cryptococcal meningitis suitable for fluconazole therapy: the role of antifungal susceptibility testing. Clin. Infect. Dis. (in press).
15. In: Ghannoum, M. A., Rex, J. H. & Galgiani, J. N. (eds) Susceptibility testing of fungi: current status of correlation of in vitro data with clinical outcome. J. Clin. Microbiol. 34, 489-495.
16. Witt, M. D., Mortara, R. A., Larsen, R. A., Lewis, R. J., Edwards, J. E. jr. & Ghannoum, M. A. (1993) In vitro susceptibility of Cryptococcus neoformans predicts failure of primary therapy with fluconazole in patients with cryptococcal meningitis and AIDS. Abstract WS-B12-4. In: Proceedings of the IXth International Conference on AIDS. London: Wellcome Foundation.
17. Galgiani, J. N., Reiser, J., Brass, C., Espinel-Ingroff, A., Gordon, M. A. & Kerkering, T. M. (1987) Comparison of relative susceptibilities of Candida species to three antifungal agents as determined by unstandardized methods. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 31, 1343-1347.
18. Wanger, A., Mills, K., Nelson, P. W. & Rex, J. H. (1995) Comparison of E-test and National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards broth macrodilution method for antifungal susceptibility testing: enhanced ability to detect amphotericin B-resistant Candida isolates. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 39, 2520-2522.
19. National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (1995) Reference method for broth dilution antifungal susceptibility testing of yeasts; proposed standard. M27-T. In: National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. Wayne, Philadelphia.
20. Rex, J. H., Pfaller, M. A., Galgiani, J. N. et al. for the Subcommittee on Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (1997) Development of interpretive breakpoints for antifungal susceptibility testing: conceptual framework and analysis of in Vitro-in Vivo, correlation data for fluconazole, itraconazole, and Candida infections. Clin. Infect. Dis. 24, 235-247.
21. NCCLS Subcommittee on Antifungal Susceptibility Tests. Summary minutes on the Open meeting held June 1, 1996 in Reston, VA (unpublished).
22. Bille, J., Glauser, M. & The Fluconazole Global Susceptibility Study Group. (1996) Evaluation of the susceptibility of pathogenic Candida species to fluconazole. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. (to be published).
23. Barry, A. L. & Brown, S. D.. (1996) Fluconazole disc diffusion procedure for determining susceptibility of Candida species. J. Clin. Microbiol. 34, 2154-2157.
24. Graybill, J. R. (1994) Is there a correlation between serum antifungal drug concentration and clinical outcome? J. Infect. 28, (Suppl. I), 17-24.
25. Brammer, K. W., Farrow, P. R. & Faulkner, J. K. (1990) Pharmacokinetics and tissue penetration of fluconazole in humans. Rev. Infect. Dis. 12 (Suppl. 3), S318-S326.
26. Lee, J. W., Seibel, N. I., Amantea, M. A., Withcomb, P., Pizzo, P. A. & Walsh, T. J. (1992) Safety, tolerance, and pharmacokinetics of fluconazole in children with neoplastic diseases. J. Pediatr. 120, 987-993.
27. Anaissie, E. J., Kontoiannis, D. P., Huls, C. et al. (1995) Safety, plasma concentrations, and efficacy of high-dose fluconazole in invasive mold infections. J. Infect. Dis. 172, 599-602.
28. Humphrey, M. J., Jevons, S. & Tarbit, M. H. (1985) Pharmakokinetic evaluation of UK 49,858, a metabolically stable triazole antifungal drug, in animals and humans. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 28, 648-653.
29. Fischman, A. J., Alpert, N. M., Livni, E. et al. (1993) Pharmacokinetics of 18F-labeled fluconazole in healthy human subjects by positron emission tomography. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 37(6), 1270-1277.
30. Brammer, K. W. & Tarbit, M. H. (1987) A review of the pharmacokinetics of fluconazole (UK 49,858) in laboratory animals and man. In: Fromtling, R. A. (ed.) Recent Trends in the Discovery, Development and Evaluation of Antifungal Agents. Barcelona: J. R. Prous Science Publishers.
31. Foulds, G., Wzjszczuk, C., Weidler, D. J., Garg, D. J. & Gibson, P. (1988) Steady state parenteral kinetics of fluconazole in man. Ann. N. T. Acad. Sci. 544, 427-430.
32. Foulds, G., Brennan, D. R., Wajszczuk, C. et al. (1988) Fluconazole penetration into cerebrospinal fluid in humans. J. Clin. Phamacol. 28, 363-366.
33. Tucker, R. M., Williams, P. L., Arathoon, E. G. et al. (1988) Pharmacokinetics of fluconazole in cerebrospinal fluid and serum in human coccidioidal meningitis. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 32, 369-373.
34. Rinaldi, M. G., Robinson, P. A., Graybill, J. R., et al. (1988) Fluconazole (FLU) concentrations in patients undergoing antifungal therapy (abstract no. 66). In: Program and Abstracts of the 28th ICAAC. Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology.
35. Wildfeuer, A., Faergemann, J., Laufen, H. et al. (1994) Unavailability of fluconazole in the skin after oral medication. Mycoses 37, 127-130.
36. Ebden, P., Neill, P. & Farrow, P. R. (1989) Sputum levels of fluconazole in humans. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 33, 963-964.
37. Dellenbach, P. (1990) Penetration of fluconazole into vaginal tissues and secretions. In: Brammer, K. W., Farrow, P. R. & Faulkner, J. K. (eds) Pharmacokinetics and Tissue Penetration of Fluconazole in Humans. Rev. Infect. Dis. 12, (Suppl. 3), S318-S326.
38. Rinaldi, M. G., Robinson, P. A., Graybill, J. R. et al. (1988) Fluconazole (FLU) concentrations in patients undergoing antifungal therapy (abstract no. 66). In: Program and Abstracts of the 28th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology.
39. Debruyne, D. & Ryckelynck, J.-P. (1993) Clinical pharmacokinetics of fluconazole. Clin. Pharmacokinet. 24 (1), 10-27.
40. Berry, A. J., Rinaldi, M. G. & Graybill, J. R. (1992) Use of high dose fluconazole as salvage therapy for cryptococcal meningitis in patients with AIDS. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 36, 690-692.
41. Grant, S. M. & Clissold, S. P. (1990) Fluconazole. A review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, and therapeutic potential in superficial and systemic mycoses Drugs 39, 877-916.
42. Anaissie, E. J., Kontoiannis, D. P., Huls, C., Prince, R., Bosso, J. A. & Bodey, G. P. (1992) Efficacy, safety and pharmacokinetics of high dose fluconazole (HDFLU) in patients (pts) with fungal infections (FI). (abstract no. 626). In: Program and Abstracts of the 32nd ICAAC. Anaheim, California: American Society for Microbiology.
43. Graninger, W., Presteril, E., Schneeweiss, B., Teleky, B. & Georgopoulos, A. (1993) Treatment of Candida albicans fungemia with fluconazole. J. Infect. 26, 133-146.
44. Zingman, B. S. (1996) Resolution of refractory AIDS-related mucosal candidiasis after initiation of didanosine plus saquinavir. N. Engl. J. Med. 334, 1674-1675.
45. Pfizer Inc., Data on file.