메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 9, Issue SUPPL. 1, 1997, Pages 36-46

In vitro antibiotic sensitivity testing breakpoints and therapeutic activity in induced infections in animal models

Author keywords

Animal models; Inoculum; Quinolones; Susceptibility testing; Toxicity

Indexed keywords

AMINOGLYCOSIDE; AMOXICILLIN; AMOXICILLIN PLUS CLAVULANIC ACID; AMPICILLIN; AZTREONAM; CEFALOTIN; CEFMETAZOLE; CEFOXITIN; CEFTAZIDIME; CEFTIZOXIME; CEFUROXIME; CEPHALOSPORIN DERIVATIVE; CIPROFLOXACIN; CLINDAMYCIN; ERYTHROMYCIN; GENTAMICIN; MACROLIDE; METRONIDAZOLE; MEZLOCILLIN; OXACILLIN; PEFLOXACIN; PENICILLIN DERIVATIVE; PIPERACILLIN; QUINOLONE DERIVATIVE; SISOMICIN; SULBACTAM; TEICOPLANIN; TICARCILLIN; UNINDEXED DRUG; VANCOMYCIN;

EID: 0030741267     PISSN: 1120009X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Conference Paper
Times cited : (9)

References (60)
  • 1
    • 0027498992 scopus 로고
    • Relevance of antibiotic susceptibility testing tor clinical practice
    • Verbist L. Relevance of antibiotic susceptibility testing tor clinical practice. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1993; 12 (suppl. 1): 2-5.
    • (1993) Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis , vol.12 , Issue.1 SUPPL. , pp. 2-5
    • Verbist, L.1
  • 2
    • 13144286960 scopus 로고
    • BSAC guidelines on sensitivity testing
    • Williams JD. BSAC guidelines on sensitivity testing. J Antimicrob Chemother 1993; 31: 1001-1003.
    • (1993) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.31 , pp. 1001-1003
    • Williams, J.D.1
  • 3
    • 0026492838 scopus 로고
    • General guidelines for the clinical evaluation of anti-infective drug products
    • Beam TR Jr, Gilbert DN, Kunin CM. General guidelines for the clinical evaluation of anti-infective drug products. Clin Infect Dis 1992; 15 (suppl. 1): 5-32.
    • (1992) Clin Infect Dis , vol.15 , Issue.1 SUPPL. , pp. 5-32
    • Beam Jr., T.R.1    Gilbert, D.N.2    Kunin, C.M.3
  • 4
    • 38249005776 scopus 로고
    • Interpretative guidelines for antimicrobial susceptibility results: What do they mean
    • Hindler JA, Thrupp LD. Interpretative guidelines for antimicrobial susceptibility results: what do they mean. Clin Microbiol Newsl 1989; 11: 129-134.
    • (1989) Clin Microbiol Newsl , vol.11 , pp. 129-134
    • Hindler, J.A.1    Thrupp, L.D.2
  • 5
    • 0003171902 scopus 로고
    • Report of the Working PaMy on Antibiotic Sensitivity Testing of the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. a guide to sensitivity testing
    • Report of the Working PaMy on Antibiotic Sensitivity Testing of the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. A guide to sensitivity testing. J Antimicrob Chemother 1991; 27 (suppl.D): 1-50.
    • (1991) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.27 , Issue.SUPPL.D , pp. 1-50
  • 6
    • 0003358488 scopus 로고
    • Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing
    • Villanova, PA
    • National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Sixth informational supplement. 1995; vol 15, no 14, M100-S6. Villanova, PA.
    • (1995) Sixth Informational Supplement , vol.15 , Issue.14
  • 7
    • 0026566835 scopus 로고
    • Penicillin resistant pneumococci and community-acquired pneumonia
    • Sánchez C, Armengol R, Lite I, Mir I, Garau J. Penicillin resistant pneumococci and community-acquired pneumonia. Lancet 1992; 339: 988.
    • (1992) Lancet , vol.339 , pp. 988
    • Sánchez, C.1    Armengol, R.2    Lite, I.3    Mir, I.4    Garau, J.5
  • 8
    • 0029151009 scopus 로고
    • Resistance to penicillin and cephalosporin and mortality from severe pneumococcal pneumonia in Barcelona, Spain
    • Pallarés R, Liñares J, Vadillo M, et al. Resistance to penicillin and cephalosporin and mortality from severe pneumococcal pneumonia in Barcelona, Spain. N Engl J Med 1995; 333: 474-480.
    • (1995) N Engl J Med , vol.333 , pp. 474-480
    • Pallarés, R.1    Liñares, J.2    Vadillo, M.3
  • 9
    • 0025688209 scopus 로고
    • The second European collaborative study on the frequency of antimicrobial resistance in Haemophilus influenzae
    • Kayser FH, Morenzoni G, Santanam P. The second European collaborative study on the frequency of antimicrobial resistance in Haemophilus influenzae. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1990; 9: 810-817.
    • (1990) Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis , vol.9 , pp. 810-817
    • Kayser, F.H.1    Morenzoni, G.2    Santanam, P.3
  • 10
    • 0019769092 scopus 로고
    • Levels of erythromycin in pulmonary tissue and bronchial mucus compared to those of amoxycillin
    • Brun Y, Forey F, Gamondes JP, Tebib A, Brune J, Fleurette J. Levels of erythromycin in pulmonary tissue and bronchial mucus compared to those of amoxycillin. J Antimicrob Chemother 1981; 8: 459-466.
    • (1981) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.8 , pp. 459-466
    • Brun, Y.1    Forey, F.2    Gamondes, J.P.3    Tebib, A.4    Brune, J.5    Fleurette, J.6
  • 11
    • 0017038533 scopus 로고
    • Erythromycin: A review of its uses in pediatric practice
    • Ginsburg CM, Lichenwald HF. Erythromycin: a review of its uses in pediatric practice. J Pediatr 1976; 89: 872-884.
    • (1976) J Pediatr , vol.89 , pp. 872-884
    • Ginsburg, C.M.1    Lichenwald, H.F.2
  • 12
    • 0019793325 scopus 로고
    • In vitro veritas? Antimicrobial susceptibility tests and their clinical relevance
    • Greenwood D. In vitro veritas? Antimicrobial susceptibility tests and their clinical relevance. J Infect Dis 1981; 144: 380-385.
    • (1981) J Infect Dis , vol.144 , pp. 380-385
    • Greenwood, D.1
  • 13
    • 0027536302 scopus 로고
    • Relevance of animal models for clinical treat ment
    • Craig W. Relevance of animal models for clinical treat ment. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1993; 12 (suppl.1) : 55-57.
    • (1993) Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis , vol.12 , Issue.1 SUPPL. , pp. 55-57
    • Craig, W.1
  • 14
    • 0025156911 scopus 로고
    • Discovery and development of new antimicrobial agents
    • Gootz TD. Discovery and development of new antimicrobial agents. Clin Microbiol Rev 1990; 3: 13-31.
    • (1990) Clin Microbiol Rev , vol.3 , pp. 13-31
    • Gootz, T.D.1
  • 15
    • 0026037586 scopus 로고
    • Animal models in the evaluation of antimicrobial agents
    • Zak O, O'Reilly T. Animal models in the evaluation of antimicrobial agents. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1991; 35: 1527-1531.
    • (1991) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.35 , pp. 1527-1531
    • Zak, O.1    O'Reilly, T.2
  • 16
    • 0024997453 scopus 로고
    • Significance of tissue levels for prediction of antibiotic efficacy and determination of dosage
    • Carbon C. Significance of tissue levels for prediction of antibiotic efficacy and determination of dosage. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1990; 9: 510-516.
    • (1990) Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis , vol.9 , pp. 510-516
    • Carbon, C.1
  • 17
    • 0023697158 scopus 로고
    • Correlation of antimicrobial pharmacokinetic parameters with therapeutic efficacy in an animal model
    • Vogelman B, Gudmundsson S, Leggett J, Turnidge J, Ebert S, Craig WA. Correlation of antimicrobial pharmacokinetic parameters with therapeutic efficacy in an animal model. J Infect Dis 1988; 158: 831-847.
    • (1988) J Infect Dis , vol.158 , pp. 831-847
    • Vogelman, B.1    Gudmundsson, S.2    Leggett, J.3    Turnidge, J.4    Ebert, S.5    Craig, W.A.6
  • 18
    • 0024501170 scopus 로고
    • Comparative antibiotic dose-effect relations at several dosing intervals in murine pneumonitis and thigh-infection models
    • Leggett JE, Fantin B, Ebert S, et al. Comparative antibiotic dose-effect relations at several dosing intervals in murine pneumonitis and thigh-infection models. J Infect Dis 1989; 159: 281-292.
    • (1989) J Infect Dis , vol.159 , pp. 281-292
    • Leggett, J.E.1    Fantin, B.2    Ebert, S.3
  • 19
    • 0020049279 scopus 로고
    • Comparative efficacy of 10 antimicrobial agents in experimental infections with Bacteroides fragilis
    • Joiner K, Lowe B, Dzink J, Bartlett JG. Comparative efficacy of 10 antimicrobial agents in experimental infections with Bacteroides fragilis. J Infect Dis 1982; 145: 561-568.
    • (1982) J Infect Dis , vol.145 , pp. 561-568
    • Joiner, K.1    Lowe, B.2    Dzink, J.3    Bartlett, J.G.4
  • 20
    • 18144437631 scopus 로고
    • Report of a Working Party of the British Society of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. the clinical evaluation of antibacterial drugs
    • Report of a Working Party of the British Society of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. The clinical evaluation of antibacterial drugs. J Antimicrob Chemother 1989; 23(suppl.B): 1-42.
    • (1989) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.23 , Issue.SUPPL.B , pp. 1-42
  • 22
    • 0029829753 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Correlation of pharmacodynamic parameters of five ß-lactam antibiotics with therapeutic efficacies in an animal model
    • Soriano F, García-Corbeira P, Ponte C, Fernández-Roblas R, Gadea I. Correlation of pharmacodynamic parameters of five ß-lactam antibiotics with therapeutic efficacies in an animal model. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1996; 40: 2686-2690.
    • (1996) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.40 , pp. 2686-2690
    • Soriano, F.1    García-Corbeira, P.2    Ponte, C.3    Fernández-Roblas, R.4    Gadea, I.5
  • 23
    • 0022548160 scopus 로고
    • Activity of penicillin combined with an aminoglycoside against group B streptococci in vitro and in experimental endocarditis
    • Backes RJ, Rouse MS, Henry NK, Geraci JE, Wilson WR. Activity of penicillin combined with an aminoglycoside against group B streptococci in vitro and in experimental endocarditis. J Antimicrob Chemother 1986; 18: 491-498.
    • (1986) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.18 , pp. 491-498
    • Backes, R.J.1    Rouse, M.S.2    Henry, N.K.3    Geraci, J.E.4    Wilson, W.R.5
  • 24
    • 0026459626 scopus 로고
    • In vivo efficacy of a new fluoroquinolone, sparfloxacin, against penicillin-susceptible and - Resistant and multiresistant strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae in a mouse model of pneumonia
    • Azoulay-Dupuis E, Vallee E, Veber B, Bedos JP, Bauchet J, Pocidalo JJ. In vivo efficacy of a new fluoroquinolone, sparfloxacin, against penicillin-susceptible and - resistant and multiresistant strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae in a mouse model of pneumonia. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1992; 36: 2698-2703.
    • (1992) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.36 , pp. 2698-2703
    • Azoulay-Dupuis, E.1    Vallee, E.2    Veber, B.3    Bedos, J.P.4    Bauchet, J.5    Pocidalo, J.J.6
  • 26
    • 0025731039 scopus 로고
    • Comparative efficacies of ciprofloxacin, amoxicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, and cefaclor against experimental Streptococcus pneumoniae respiratory infections in mice
    • Gisby J, Wightman BJ, Beale AS. Comparative efficacies of ciprofloxacin, amoxicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, and cefaclor against experimental Streptococcus pneumoniae respiratory infections in mice. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1991; 35: 831-836.
    • (1991) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.35 , pp. 831-836
    • Gisby, J.1    Wightman, B.J.2    Beale, A.S.3
  • 27
    • 0028031399 scopus 로고
    • In vivo efficacy of a broadspectrum cephalosporin, ceftriaxone, against penicillin-susceptible and -resistant strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae in a mouse pneumonia model
    • Moine P, Vallée É, Azoulay-Dupuis E, Bourget P, Bédos JP, Bauchet J, Pocidalo JJ. In vivo efficacy of a broadspectrum cephalosporin, ceftriaxone, against penicillin-susceptible and -resistant strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae in a mouse pneumonia model. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1994; 38: 1953-1958.
    • (1994) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.38 , pp. 1953-1958
    • Moine, P.1    Vallée, É.2    Azoulay-Dupuis, E.3    Bourget, P.4    Bédos, J.P.5    Bauchet, J.6    Pocidalo, J.J.7
  • 30
    • 0025932664 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of encrusted cystitis caused by Corynebacterium group D2 with norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin and teicoplanin in an experimental model in rats
    • Soriano F, Rodríguez-Tudela JL, Castilla C, Avilés P. Treatment of encrusted cystitis caused by Corynebacterium group D2 with norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin and teicoplanin in an experimental model in rats. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1991; 35: 2587-2590.
    • (1991) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.35 , pp. 2587-2590
    • Soriano, F.1    Rodríguez-Tudela, J.L.2    Castilla, C.3    Avilés, P.4
  • 31
    • 0029804776 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of experimental pneumonia by infection with penicillin-insensitive Streptococcus pneumoniae in guinea pigs and their treatment with amoxicillin, cefotaxime, and meropenem
    • Ponte C, Parra A, Nieto E, Soriano F. Development of experimental pneumonia by infection with penicillin-insensitive Streptococcus pneumoniae in guinea pigs and their treatment with amoxicillin, cefotaxime, and meropenem. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1996; 40: 2698-2702.
    • (1996) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.40 , pp. 2698-2702
    • Ponte, C.1    Parra, A.2    Nieto, E.3    Soriano, F.4
  • 32
    • 0026693991 scopus 로고
    • In vivo antibiotic synergism: Contribution of animal models
    • Fantin B, Carbon C. In vivo antibiotic synergism: contribution of animal models. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1992; 36: 907-912.
    • (1992) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.36 , pp. 907-912
    • Fantin, B.1    Carbon, C.2
  • 33
    • 0020412455 scopus 로고
    • Reciprocal antimicrobial synergism between Escherichia coli and Racteroides fragilis in the presence of metronidazole
    • Soriano F, Ponte C, Gaspar MC. Reciprocal antimicrobial synergism between Escherichia coli and Racteroides fragilis in the presence of metronidazole. J Clin Pathol 1982; 35: 1150-1152.
    • (1982) J Clin Pathol , vol.35 , pp. 1150-1152
    • Soriano, F.1    Ponte, C.2    Gaspar, M.C.3
  • 34
    • 0023619457 scopus 로고
    • Response of Streptococcus pyogenes to therapy with amoxicillin or amoxicillin-clavulanic acid in a mouse model of mixed infection caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes
    • Boon RJ, Beale AS. Response of Streptococcus pyogenes to therapy with amoxicillin or amoxicillin-clavulanic acid in a mouse model of mixed infection caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1987; 31: 1204-1209.
    • (1987) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.31 , pp. 1204-1209
    • Boon, R.J.1    Beale, A.S.2
  • 35
    • 0024553997 scopus 로고
    • Effect of Bacteroides fragilis on mortality induced by Escherichia coli in an experimental infection treated with cefotaxime, aztreonam or gentamicin
    • Soriano F, Ponte C, Santamaría M, Castilla C. Effect of Bacteroides fragilis on mortality induced by Escherichia coli in an experimental infection treated with cefotaxime, aztreonam or gentamicin. J Antimicrob Chemother 1989; 23: 383-388.
    • (1989) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.23 , pp. 383-388
    • Soriano, F.1    Ponte, C.2    Santamaría, M.3    Castilla, C.4
  • 36
    • 0024358083 scopus 로고
    • The concept of indirect pathogenicity by ß-lactamase production, especially in ear, nose and throat infection
    • Brook I. The concept of indirect pathogenicity by ß-lactamase production, especially in ear, nose and throat infection. J Antimicrob Chemother 1989; 24 (suppl.B): 63-72.
    • (1989) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.24 , Issue.SUPPL.B , pp. 63-72
    • Brook, I.1
  • 37
    • 0025780744 scopus 로고
    • Strategic antibiotic decision-making at the formulary level
    • Quintiliani R, Nightingale CH. Strategic antibiotic decision-making at the formulary level. Rev Infect Dis 1991; 13 (suppl. 9): 770-772.
    • (1991) Rev Infect Dis , vol.13 , Issue.9 SUPPL. , pp. 770-772
    • Quintiliani, R.1    Nightingale, C.H.2
  • 39
    • 0025324263 scopus 로고
    • Relevance of the inoculum effect of antibiotics in the outcome of experimental infections caused by Escbericbia coli
    • Soriano F, Ponte C, Santamaria M, Jiménez M. Relevance of the inoculum effect of antibiotics in the outcome of experimental infections caused by Escbericbia coli. J Antimicrob Chemother 1990; 25: 621-627.
    • (1990) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.25 , pp. 621-627
    • Soriano, F.1    Ponte, C.2    Santamaria, M.3    Jiménez, M.4
  • 40
    • 77957211301 scopus 로고
    • Optimal dosage of ß-lactam antibiotics. Time over MIC and inoculum effect (leading article)
    • Soriano F. Optimal dosage of ß-lactam antibiotics. Time over MIC and inoculum effect (leading article). J Antimicrob Chemother 1992; 30: 566-569.
    • (1992) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.30 , pp. 566-569
    • Soriano, F.1
  • 41
    • 0026597369 scopus 로고
    • Effect of inoculum size on the bacteriolytic activity of cefminox and four other ß-lactam antibiotics against Escherichia coli
    • Soriano F, Edwards R, Greenwood D. Effect of inoculum size on the bacteriolytic activity of cefminox and four other ß-lactam antibiotics against Escherichia coli. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1992; 36: 223-226.
    • (1992) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.36 , pp. 223-226
    • Soriano, F.1    Edwards, R.2    Greenwood, D.3
  • 42
    • 0028300589 scopus 로고
    • Optimal times above MICs of ceftibuten and cefaclor in experimental intra-abdominal infections
    • Onyeji CO, Nicolau DP, Nightingale CH, Quintiliani R. Optimal times above MICs of ceftibuten and cefaclor in experimental intra-abdominal infections. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1994; 38: 1112-1117.
    • (1994) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.38 , pp. 1112-1117
    • Onyeji, C.O.1    Nicolau, D.P.2    Nightingale, C.H.3    Quintiliani, R.4
  • 43
    • 8544267620 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High numbers of cfu at onset of therapy compared to inoculum size of in vitro susceptibility tests and implications on bactericidal activity
    • New Orleans
    • König C, Simmen HP, Blaser J. High numbers of cfu at onset of therapy compared to inoculum size of in vitro susceptibility tests and implications on bactericidal activity. Abstracts 36th ICAAC. New Orleans, 1996: 67.
    • (1996) Abstracts 36th ICAAC , pp. 67
    • König, C.1    Simmen, H.P.2    Blaser, J.3
  • 44
    • 0026071291 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the inoculum effects of members of the family Enterobacteriaceae on cefoxitin and other cephalosporins, ß-lactamase inhibitor combinations, and the penicillin-derived components of these combinations
    • Goldstein EJ, Citron DM, Cherubin CE. Comparison of the inoculum effects of members of the family Enterobacteriaceae on cefoxitin and other cephalosporins, ß-lactamase inhibitor combinations, and the penicillin-derived components of these combinations. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1991; 35: 560-566.
    • (1991) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.35 , pp. 560-566
    • Goldstein, E.J.1    Citron, D.M.2    Cherubin, C.E.3
  • 45
    • 0025826523 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the inoculum effect of cefoxitin and other cephalosporins and of ß-lactamase inhibitors and their penicillin-derived components on the Bacteroides fragilis group
    • Goldstein EJ, Citron DM, Cherubin CE. Comparison of the inoculum effect of cefoxitin and other cephalosporins and of ß-lactamase inhibitors and their penicillin-derived components on the Bacteroides fragilis group. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1991; 35: 1868-1874.
    • (1991) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.35 , pp. 1868-1874
    • Goldstein, E.J.1    Citron, D.M.2    Cherubin, C.E.3
  • 46
    • 0025153001 scopus 로고
    • In-vitro sensitivity tests and in-vivo efficacy of cephalosporins against Bacteroides fragilis
    • Brook I. In-vitro sensitivity tests and in-vivo efficacy of cephalosporins against Bacteroides fragilis. J Antimicrob Chemother 1990; 26: 158-161.
    • (1990) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.26 , pp. 158-161
    • Brook, I.1
  • 47
    • 0021799635 scopus 로고
    • Mezlocillin, ceftizoxime, and amikacin alone and in combination against six Enterobacteriaceae in a neutropenic site in rabbits
    • Gerding DN, Peterson LR, Moody JA, Fashing CE. Mezlocillin, ceftizoxime, and amikacin alone and in combination against six Enterobacteriaceae in a neutropenic site in rabbits. J Amtimicrob Chemother 1985; 15 (suppl. A): 207-219.
    • (1985) J Amtimicrob Chemother , vol.15 , Issue.SUPPL. A , pp. 207-219
    • Gerding, D.N.1    Peterson, L.R.2    Moody, J.A.3    Fashing, C.E.4
  • 48
    • 0022578320 scopus 로고
    • Ciprofloxacin in the treatment of chronic bronchitis
    • Davies BI, Maesen FP, Baur C. Ciprofloxacin in the treatment of chronic bronchitis. Eur J Microbiol 1986; 5: 226-231.
    • (1986) Eur J Microbiol , vol.5 , pp. 226-231
    • Davies, B.I.1    Maesen, F.P.2    Baur, C.3
  • 49
    • 0024427208 scopus 로고
    • Pneumococcal bacteremia during ciprofloxacin therapy for pneumococcal pneumonia
    • Cooper B, Lawlor M. Pneumococcal bacteremia during ciprofloxacin therapy for pneumococcal pneumonia. Am J Med 1989; 87:475.
    • (1989) Am J Med , vol.87 , pp. 475
    • Cooper, B.1    Lawlor, M.2
  • 50
    • 0025009773 scopus 로고
    • Inappropriate use of oral ciprofloxacin
    • Frieden TR, Mangi RJ. Inappropriate use of oral ciprofloxacin. JAMA 1990; 264: 1438-1440.
    • (1990) JAMA , vol.264 , pp. 1438-1440
    • Frieden, T.R.1    Mangi, R.J.2
  • 51
    • 0026702093 scopus 로고
    • Antimicrobial resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae: An overview
    • Appelbaum PC. Antimicrobial resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae: an overview. Clin Infect Dis 1992; 15: 77-83.
    • (1992) Clin Infect Dis , vol.15 , pp. 77-83
    • Appelbaum, P.C.1
  • 52
    • 0011831034 scopus 로고
    • In-vivo activity of amoxicillin (amox) and amoxicillin/clavulanate (amox/clav) against penicillin-resistant pneumococci
    • San Francisco
    • Andes D, Urban A, Craig WA. In-vivo activity of amoxicillin (amox) and amoxicillin/clavulanate (amox/clav) against penicillin-resistant pneumococci. Abstract 35th ICAAC, San Francisco, 1995.
    • (1995) Abstract 35th ICAAC
    • Andes, D.1    Urban, A.2    Craig, W.A.3
  • 53
    • 0029768086 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Correlation of in-vitro activity and pharmacokinetic parameters with in-vivo effect of amoxycillin, co-amoxiclav and cefotaxime in a murine model of pneumococcal pneumonia
    • Soriano F, Ponte C, Nieto F, Parra A. Correlation of in-vitro activity and pharmacokinetic parameters with in-vivo effect of amoxycillin, co-amoxiclav and cefotaxime in a murine model of pneumococcal pneumonia. J Antimicrob Chemother 1996; 38: 227-236.
    • (1996) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.38 , pp. 227-236
    • Soriano, F.1    Ponte, C.2    Nieto, F.3    Parra, A.4
  • 54
    • 84972240744 scopus 로고
    • Methods of dilution antimicrobial susceptibility tests for bacteria that grow aerobically
    • National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards, Villanova, Pa
    • National Committeee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. Methods of dilution antimicrobial susceptibility tests for bacteria that grow aerobically. Approved standard M7-A3. 3rd ed. National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards, Villanova, Pa 1993.
    • (1993) Approved Standard M7-A3. 3rd Ed.
  • 55
    • 43049109993 scopus 로고
    • Methods for dilution antimicrobial susceptibility tests for bacteria that grow aerobically
    • National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards Villanova, Pa.
    • National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. Methods for dilution antimicrobial susceptibility tests for bacteria that grow aerobically. Approved standard M7-A2. 2nd ed. National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards Villanova, Pa. 1990.
    • (1990) Approved Standard M7-A2. 2nd Ed.
  • 57
    • 0027956204 scopus 로고
    • Management of infections caused by antibiotic-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae
    • Friedland IR, McCracken Jr GH. Management of infections caused by antibiotic-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. N Engl J Med 1994; 331: 377-382.
    • (1994) N Engl J Med , vol.331 , pp. 377-382
    • Friedland, I.R.1    McCracken Jr., G.H.2
  • 59
    • 0030051169 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High doses of cefotaxime in treatment ot adult meningitis due to Streptococcus pneumoniae with decreased susceptibilities to broad-spectrum cephalosporins
    • Viladrich PF, Cabellos C, Pallares R, Tubau F, Martínez-Lacasa J, Liñares J, Gudiol F. High doses of cefotaxime in treatment ot adult meningitis due to Streptococcus pneumoniae with decreased susceptibilities to broad-spectrum cephalosporins. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1996; 40: 218-220.
    • (1996) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.40 , pp. 218-220
    • Viladrich, P.F.1    Cabellos, C.2    Pallares, R.3    Tubau, F.4    Martínez-Lacasa, J.5    Liñares, J.6    Gudiol, F.7


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.