Multiphase flow modeling of a crude-oil spill site with a bimodal permeability distribution

Water Resources Research

Volumn 33, Issue 7, 1997, Pages 1617-1632

  Dillard, Leslie A ^a,b   Essaid, Hedeff I ^b   Herkelrath, William N ^b  

^a STANFORD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b U S GEOLOGICAL SURVEY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CRUDE OIL; MULTIPHASE FLOW; OIL SPILLS; PERMEABILITY;

FLUID FLOW; OIL SPILL; PERMEABILITY;

EID: 0030740370     PISSN: 00431397     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/97WR00857     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. Abdul, A. S., T. L. Gibson, and S. F. Kia, Contamination of soil and groundwater by automatic transmission fluid: Site description and problem assessment, J. Hydrol., 121, 133-153, 1990.
2. Arya, L. M., and J. F. Paris, A physicoempirical model to predict the soil moisture characteristic from particle-size distribution and bulk density data, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 45, 1023-1030, 1981.
3. Ashley, R. P., D. N. Lerner, J. W. Lloyd, Distribution and degradation of diesel oil in the unsaturated zone following an oil spill on a chalk aquifer, J. Hydol., 159, 43-59, 1994.
4. Bilir, S., Hydrogeologic characterization of a glacial aquifer contaminated by crude oil near Bemidji, Minnesota, Master's thesis, Univ. of Tex., Austin, 1992.
5. Damsleth, E., C. B. Tjolsen, H. Omre, and H. H. Haldorsen, A two-stage stochastic model applied to a north sea reservoir, J. Pet. Technol., 44(4), 402-408, 1992.
6. Delshad, M., and G. Pope, Comparison of three-phase relative permeability models, Transp. Porous Media, 4, 59-83, 1989.
7. Demond, A. H., and P. V. Roberts, Estimation of two-phase relative permeability relationships for organic liquid contaminants, Water Resour. Res., 29(4), 1081-1090, 1993.
8. Deutsch, C. V., and A. G. Journel, GSLIB: Geostatistical Software Library and User's Guide, Oxford Univ. Press, New York, 1992.
9. Durnford, D., J. Brookman, J. Billica, and J. Milligan, LNAPL Distribution in a cohesionless soil: A field investigation and cryogenic sampler, Ground Water Monitor. Rev., 11(3), 115-122, 1991.
10. Essaid, H. I., and K. M. Hess, Monte Carlo simulations of multiphase flow incorporating spatial variability of hydraulic properties, Ground Water, 31(1), 123-134, 1993.
11. Essaid, H. I., W. N. Herkelrath, and K. M. Hess, Simulation of fluid distributions observed at a crude-oil spill site incorporating hysteresis, oil entrapment, and spatial variability of hydraulic properties, Water Resour. Res., 29(6), 1753-1770, 1993.
12. Essaid, H. I., W. N. Herkelrath, and L. A. Dillard, Field and modeling studies of multiphase fluid flow at the Bemidji, Minnesota crude-oil spill site, in Toxics Substances and the Hydrologic Sciences, edited by A. R. Dutton, pp. 52-68, Am. Inst. of Hydrol., Austin, Tex., 1994.
13. Faust, C. R., J. H. Guswa, and J. W. Mercer, Simulation of three-dimensional flow of immiscible fluids within and below the unsaturated zone, Water Resour. Res., 25(12), 2449-2464, 1989.
14. Fogg, G. E., Groundwater flow and sand body interconnectedness in a thick, multiple-aquifer system, Water Resour. Res., 22(5), 679-694, 1986.
15. Franzi, D. A., Surficial and subsurface distribution of aquifer sediments at the Bemidji, Minnesota, research site, in U.S. Geological Survey Program on Toxic Waste-Groundwater Contamination, Proceedings of the Second Technical Meeting, Cape Cod, Massachusetts, October 21-25, 1985, edited by S. E. Ragone, pp. c5-c10, U.S. Geol. Surv. Open File Rep. 86-481, 1988.
16. Greenholtz, D. E., T.-C. J. Yeh, M. S. B. Nash, and P. J. Wierenga, Geostatistical analysis of soil hydrologic properties in a field plot, J. Contam. Hydrol., 3, 227-250, 1988.
17. Hess, K. M., W. N. Herkelrath, and H. I. Essaid, Determination of subsurface fluid contents at a crude-oil spill site, J. Contam. Hydrol., 10, 75-96, 1992a.
18. Hess, K. M., S. H. Wolf, and M. A. Celia, Large-scale natural gradient tracer test in sand and gravel, Cape Cod, Massachusetts, 3, Hydraulic conductivity variability and calculated macrodispersivities, Water Resour. Res., 28(8), 2011-2027, 1992b.
19. Hult, M. F., Groundwater contamination by crude oil at the Bemidji, Minnesota, research site - An introduction, in Ground-Water Contamination by Crude Oil at the Bemidji, Minnesota, Research Site, edited by M. F. Hult, pp. 1-15, U.S. Geol. Surv. Water Resour. Invest. Rep. 84-4188, 1986.
20. Illangasekare, T. H., J. L. Ramsey Jr., K. H. Jensen, and M. B. Butts, Experimental study of movement and distribution of dense organic contaminants in heterogeneous aquifers, J. Contam. Hydrol., 20, 1-25, 1995.
21. Johnson, N. M., and S. J. Dreiss, Hydrostratigraphic interpretation using indicator geostatistics, Water Resour. Res., 25(12), 2501-2510, 1989.
22. Johnston, C. D., and B. M. Patterson, Distribution of nonaqueous phase liquid in a layered sandy aquifer, in Hydrocarbon Remediation, edited by R. E. Hinchec et al., pp. 431-437, A. F. Lewis, New York, 1994.
23. Journel, A. G., and E. H. Isaaks, Conditional indicator simulation: application to a Saskatchewan uranium deposit. Math. Geol., 16(7), 685-718, 1984.
24. Journel, A. G., and D. Posa, Characteristic behavior and order relations for indicator variograms, Math. Geol., 22(8), 1011-1025, 1990.
25. Kool, J. B., and J. C. Parker, Development and evaluation of closed-form expressions for hysteretic soil hydraulic properties, Water Resour. Res., 23(1), 105-114, 1987.
26. Krumbein, W. C., and G. D. Monk, Permeability as a function of the size parameters of unconsolidated sand, Trans. Am. Min. Metall. Eng., 151, 153-160, 1942.
27. Kueper, B. H., and E. O. Frind, Two-phase flow in heterogeneous porous media, 1, Model development, Water Resour. Res., 27(6), 1049-1057, 1991a.
28. Kueper, B. H., and E. O. Frind, Two-phase flow in heterogeneous porous media, 2, Model application, Water Resour. Res., 27(6), 1059-1070, 1991b.
29. Kueper, B. H., and J. I. Gerhard, Variability of point source infiltration rates for two-phase flow in heterogeneous porous media, Water Resour. Res., 31(12), 2971-2980, 1995.
30. Kueper, B. H., and D. B. McWhorter, The behavior of dense non-aqueous phase liquids in fractured clay and rock, Groundwater, 29(5), 716-728, 1991.
31. Kueper, B. H., D. Redman, R. C. Starr, and M. Mah, A field experiment to study the behavior of tetrachloroethylene below the water table: Spatial distribution of residual and pooled DNAPL, Ground Water, 31(5), 756-766, 1993.
32. Land, C. S., Calculation of imbibition relative permeability for two-and three-phase flow from rock properties, Soc. Pet. Eng. J., 243, 149-156, 1968.
33. Lenhard, R. J., and J. C. Parker, Experimental validation of the theory of extending two-phase saturation-pressure relations to three-fluid phase systems for monotonic drainage paths, Water Resour. Res., 24(3), 373-380, 1988.
34. Luckner, L. M. T. van Genuchten, and D. R. Nielson, A consistent set of parametric models for the two-phase flow of immiscible fluids in the subsurface, Water Resour. Res., 25(10), 2187-2193, 1989.
35. Mercer, J. W., and R. M. Cohen, A review of immiscible fluids in the subsurface: Properties, models, characterization and remediation, J. Contam. Hydrol., 6, 107-163, 1990.
36. Miller, E. E., and R. D. Miller, Physical theory of capillary flow phenomena, J. Appl. Phys., 27, 325-332, 1956.
37. Mualem, Y., A new model for predicting the hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated porous media, Water Resour. Res., 12(3), 513-522, 1976.
38. Pantazidou, M., and N. Sitar, Emplacement of nonaqueous liquids in the vadose zone, Water Resour. Res., 29(3), 705-722, 1993.
39. Parker, J. C., R. J. Lenhard, and T. Kuppusamy, A parametric model for constitutive properties governing multiphase flow in porous media, Water Resour. Res., 24(4), 618-624, 1987.
40. Rhea, L., M. Person, G. de Marsily, E. Ledoux, and A. Galli, Geostatistical models of secondary oil migration within heterogeneous carrier beds: A theoretical example, Am. Assoc. Pet. Geol. Bull., 78(11), 1679-1691, 1994.
41. Rubin, Y., Flow and transport in bimodal heterogeneous formations, Water Resour. Res., 31(10), 2461-2468, 1995.
42. Stone, H. L., Estimation of three-phase relative permeability and residual oil data, J. Can. Petrol. Technol., 12(4), 53-61, 1973.
43. Van Geel, P. J., and J. F. Sykes, Laboratory and model simulations of a LNAPL spill in a variably-saturated sand, 2, Comparison of laboratory and model results, J. Contam. Hydrol., 17, 27-53, 1994.
44. White, M. D., and M. Oostrom, STOMP: Subsurface transport over multiple phases, Theory guide, PNNL-11217, 181 pp., Pac. Northwest Natl. Lab., 1996.
45. Wilson, J. L., S. T. Conrad, W. R. Mason, W. Peplinski, and E. Hagan, Laboratory investigations of residual liquid organics from spills, leaks, and the disposal of hazardous wastes, EPA Publ. 600/6-90/004, Environ. Prot. Agency, Washington, D. C., 1990.
46. Woodbury, A. D., and E. A. Sudicky, The geostatistical characteristics of the Borden aquifer, Water Resour. Res., 27(4), 533-546, 1991.