메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 66, Issue 4, 1997, Pages 481-494

Spatial patterns of depletion imposed by foraging vertebrates: Theory, review and meta-analysis

Author keywords

Density dependence; Foraging behaviour; Individual variation; Interference competition; Ratio dependence

Indexed keywords

CONSUMER; DENSITY DEPENDENCE; FORAGING; RESOURCE DEPLETION; SPATIAL PATTERN;

EID: 0030738864     PISSN: 00218790     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/5943     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (29)

References (88)
  • 1
    • 0001076351 scopus 로고
    • Patch choice under perceptual constraints: A cause for deviations from an ideal free distribution
    • Abrahams, M.V. (1986) Patch choice under perceptual constraints: a cause for deviations from an ideal free distribution. Behavioural Ecology and Sociobiology, 19, 409-415.
    • (1986) Behavioural Ecology and Sociobiology , vol.19 , pp. 409-415
    • Abrahams, M.V.1
  • 2
    • 0022192903 scopus 로고
    • Phenotypic correlates and ecological consequences of dominance in song sparrows
    • Arcese, P. & Smith, J.N.M. (1985) Phenotypic correlates and ecological consequences of dominance in song sparrows. Journal of Animal Ecology, 54, 817-830.
    • (1985) Journal of Animal Ecology , vol.54 , pp. 817-830
    • Arcese, P.1    Smith, J.N.M.2
  • 3
    • 0025643681 scopus 로고
    • Underestimation of mutual interference in predators
    • Arditi, R. & Akçakaya, H.R. (1990) Underestimation of mutual interference in predators. Oecologia, 83, 358-361
    • (1990) Oecologia , vol.83 , pp. 358-361
    • Arditi, R.1    Akçakaya, H.R.2
  • 4
    • 4944258042 scopus 로고
    • Coupling in predatorprey dynamics: Ratio dependence
    • Arditi, R. & Ginzburg, L.R. (1989) Coupling in predatorprey dynamics: ratio dependence. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 139, 311-326.
    • (1989) Journal of Theoretical Biology , vol.139 , pp. 311-326
    • Arditi, R.1    Ginzburg, L.R.2
  • 5
    • 0028974984 scopus 로고
    • Meta-analysis: Synthesizing research findings in ecology and evolution
    • Arnqvist, G. & Wooster, D. (1995) Meta-analysis: synthesizing research findings in ecology and evolution. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 10, 236-240.
    • (1995) Trends in Ecology and Evolution , vol.10 , pp. 236-240
    • Arnqvist, G.1    Wooster, D.2
  • 6
    • 0028994929 scopus 로고
    • A field test of ideal free distribution in flock-feeding common cranes
    • Bautista, L.M., Alonso, J.C. & Alonso, J.A. (1995) A field test of ideal free distribution in flock-feeding common cranes. Journal of Animal Ecology, 64, 747-757.
    • (1995) Journal of Animal Ecology , vol.64 , pp. 747-757
    • Bautista, L.M.1    Alonso, J.C.2    Alonso, J.A.3
  • 7
    • 0027834860 scopus 로고
    • Temporal and spatial pattern of common tern (Sterna hirundo) foraging in the Wadden Sea
    • Becker, P.H., Frank, D. & Sudman, S.R. (1993) Temporal and spatial pattern of common tern (Sterna hirundo) foraging in the Wadden Sea. Oecologia, 93, 389-393.
    • (1993) Oecologia , vol.93 , pp. 389-393
    • Becker, P.H.1    Frank, D.2    Sudman, S.R.3
  • 8
    • 0000076167 scopus 로고
    • Mutual interference between parasites or predators and its effect on searching efficiency
    • Beddington, J.R. (1975) Mutual interference between parasites or predators and its effect on searching efficiency. Journal of Animal Ecology, 44, 331-340.
    • (1975) Journal of Animal Ecology , vol.44 , pp. 331-340
    • Beddington, J.R.1
  • 9
    • 0018174324 scopus 로고
    • Characteristics of successful natural enemies in models of biological control of insect pests
    • Beddington, J.R., Free, C.A. & Lawton, J.H. (1978) Characteristics of successful natural enemies in models of biological control of insect pests. Nature, 273, 513-519.
    • (1978) Nature , vol.273 , pp. 513-519
    • Beddington, J.R.1    Free, C.A.2    Lawton, J.H.3
  • 10
    • 0024234018 scopus 로고
    • Individual decisions and the distribution of predators in a patchy environment
    • Bernstein, C., Kacelnik, A.J. & Krebs, J.R. (1988) Individual decisions and the distribution of predators in a patchy environment. Journal of Animal Ecology, 57, 1007-1026.
    • (1988) Journal of Animal Ecology , vol.57 , pp. 1007-1026
    • Bernstein, C.1    Kacelnik, A.J.2    Krebs, J.R.3
  • 11
    • 0026054224 scopus 로고
    • Individual decisions and the distribution of predators in a patchy environment. II. The influence of travel costs and structure of the environment
    • Bernstein, C., Kacelnik, A.J. & Krebs, J.R. (1991) Individual decisions and the distribution of predators in a patchy environment. II. The influence of travel costs and structure of the environment. Journal of Animal Ecology, 60, 205-225.
    • (1991) Journal of Animal Ecology , vol.60 , pp. 205-225
    • Bernstein, C.1    Kacelnik, A.J.2    Krebs, J.R.3
  • 12
    • 0006166040 scopus 로고
    • The assessment of larch sawffy cocoon predation by small mammals
    • Buckner, C.H. (1959) The assessment of larch sawffy cocoon predation by small mammals. Canadian Entomologist, 91, 275-282.
    • (1959) Canadian Entomologist , vol.91 , pp. 275-282
    • Buckner, C.H.1
  • 13
    • 0007557111 scopus 로고
    • Effects of predator and prey densities on interactions between goldfish and Daphnia pulex (de Geer)
    • Chant, D.A. & Turnbull, A.L. (1966) Effects of predator and prey densities on interactions between goldfish and Daphnia pulex (de Geer). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 44, 285-289.
    • (1966) Canadian Journal of Zoology , vol.44 , pp. 285-289
    • Chant, D.A.1    Turnbull, A.L.2
  • 14
    • 0001165527 scopus 로고
    • Ecological implications of resource depression
    • Charnov, E.L., Orians, G.H. & Hyatt, K. (1976) Ecological implications of resource depression. American Naturalist, 110, 247-259.
    • (1976) American Naturalist , vol.110 , pp. 247-259
    • Charnov, E.L.1    Orians, G.H.2    Hyatt, K.3
  • 15
    • 84970605725 scopus 로고
    • Predation by birds in relation to the population density of Cardiaspina albitextura (Psyllidae)
    • Clark, L.R. (1964) Predation by birds in relation to the population density of Cardiaspina albitextura (Psyllidae). Australian Journal of Zoology, 13, 349-361.
    • (1964) Australian Journal of Zoology , vol.13 , pp. 349-361
    • Clark, L.R.1
  • 16
    • 0000931393 scopus 로고
    • The dynamics of optimally foraging predators and parasitoids
    • Comins, H.N. & Hassell, M.P. (1979) The dynamics of optimally foraging predators and parasitoids. Journal of Animal Ecology, 48, 335-351.
    • (1979) Journal of Animal Ecology , vol.48 , pp. 335-351
    • Comins, H.N.1    Hassell, M.P.2
  • 19
    • 0343347442 scopus 로고
    • The use of nesting boxes to study the biology of the mountain chickadee (Parus gambeli) and its impact on selected forest insects
    • ed. J. G. Dickson, R. N. Connor, R. R. Fleet, J. A. Jackson & J. C. Kroll, Academic Press, London
    • Dahlsten, D.L. Copper, W.A. (1979) The use of nesting boxes to study the biology of the mountain chickadee (Parus gambeli) and its impact on selected forest insects. The Role of Insectivorous Birds in Forest Ecosystems (ed. J. G. Dickson, R. N. Connor, R. R. Fleet, J. A. Jackson & J. C. Kroll), pp. 217-260. Academic Press, London.
    • (1979) The Role of Insectivorous Birds in Forest Ecosystems , pp. 217-260
    • Dahlsten, D.L.1    Copper, W.A.2
  • 20
    • 0028975716 scopus 로고
    • The intensity of interference varies with resource density: Evidence from a field study with snow buntings, Plectrophenax nivalis
    • Dolman, P.M. (1995) The intensity of interference varies with resource density: evidence from a field study with snow buntings, Plectrophenax nivalis. Oecologia. 102, 511-514.
    • (1995) Oecologia , vol.102 , pp. 511-514
    • Dolman, P.M.1
  • 22
    • 0021575713 scopus 로고
    • Waterfowl movements in relation to food stocks
    • eds P. R. Evans, J. D. Goss-Custard & W. G. Hale, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
    • van Herden, M.R. (1984) Waterfowl movements in relation to food stocks. Coastal Waders and Wildfowl in Winter (eds P. R. Evans, J. D. Goss-Custard & W. G. Hale), pp. 84-100. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
    • (1984) Coastal Waders and Wildfowl in Winter , pp. 84-100
    • Van Herden, M.R.1
  • 23
    • 0025207335 scopus 로고
    • Alliances in winter flocks of willow tits; effects of rank on survival and reproductive success in male-female associations
    • Ekman, J. (1990) Alliances in winter flocks of willow tits; effects of rank on survival and reproductive success in male-female associations. Behavioural Ecology and Sociobiology, 26, 239-245.
    • (1990) Behavioural Ecology and Sociobiology , vol.26 , pp. 239-245
    • Ekman, J.1
  • 24
    • 34250482960 scopus 로고
    • On territorial behaviour and other factors influencing habitat distribution in birds
    • Fretwell, S.D. & Lucas, H.L. (1970) On territorial behaviour and other factors influencing habitat distribution in birds. Acta Biotheoretica, 19, 16-36.
    • (1970) Acta Biotheoretica , vol.19 , pp. 16-36
    • Fretwell, S.D.1    Lucas, H.L.2
  • 25
    • 0002098013 scopus 로고
    • The ecological significance of behavioural dominance
    • eds P. P. G. Bateson & P. H. Klopfer, Plenum Press, New York
    • Gauthreaux, S.A. (1978) The ecological significance of behavioural dominance. Perspective in Ethology. Vol. 3, Social Behaviour (eds P. P. G. Bateson & P. H. Klopfer), pp. 17-54. Plenum Press, New York.
    • (1978) Perspective in Ethology. Vol. 3, Social Behaviour , vol.3 , pp. 17-54
    • Gauthreaux, S.A.1
  • 26
    • 0000947365 scopus 로고
    • Predation by tits and squirrels on the eucosmid Ernarmonia conicolana (Heyl.)
    • Gibb, J.A. (1958) Predation by tits and squirrels on the eucosmid Ernarmonia conicolana (Heyl.). Journal of Animal Ecology, 27, 375-396.
    • (1958) Journal of Animal Ecology , vol.27 , pp. 375-396
    • Gibb, J.A.1
  • 27
    • 0008314450 scopus 로고
    • Tit predation and the abundance of Ernarmonia conicolana (Heyl.) on Weeting Heath Norfolk 1962-3
    • Gibb, J. A. (1966) Tit predation and the abundance of Ernarmonia conicolana (Heyl.) on Weeting Heath Norfolk 1962-3. Journal of Animal Ecology, 35, 43-53.
    • (1966) Journal of Animal Ecology , vol.35 , pp. 43-53
    • Gibb, J.A.1
  • 28
    • 0002917217 scopus 로고
    • Predator responses and prey mortality in redshank, Tringa totanus, and a preferred prey, Corophium volutator
    • Goss-Custard, J.D. (1977a) Predator responses and prey mortality in redshank, Tringa totanus, and a preferred prey, Corophium volutator. Journal of Animal Ecology, 46, 21-35.
    • (1977) Journal of Animal Ecology , vol.46 , pp. 21-35
    • Goss-Custard, J.D.1
  • 29
    • 0000237824 scopus 로고
    • The ecology of the Wash. III. Density related behaviour and the possible effects of a loss of feeding grounds on wading birds (Charadrii)
    • Goss-Custard, J.D. (1977b) The ecology of the Wash. III. Density related behaviour and the possible effects of a loss of feeding grounds on wading birds (Charadrii). Journal of Applied Ecology, 14, 721-739.
    • (1977) Journal of Applied Ecology , vol.14 , pp. 721-739
    • Goss-Custard, J.D.1
  • 30
    • 0002137570 scopus 로고
    • Competition for food and interference among waders
    • Goss-Custard, J.D. (1980) Competition for food and interference among waders. Ardea, 68, 31-52.
    • (1980) Ardea , vol.68 , pp. 31-52
    • Goss-Custard, J.D.1
  • 31
    • 0021607316 scopus 로고
    • Rates of food intake and aggression of oystercatchers Haematopus ostralegus on the most and least preferred mussel Mytilus edulis beds of the Exe Estuary
    • Goss-Custard, J.D., Clark, R.T. & Durrell, S.E.A. Le V. Dit (1984a) Rates of food intake and aggression of oystercatchers Haematopus ostralegus on the most and least preferred mussel Mytilus edulis beds of the Exe Estuary. Journal of Animal Ecology, 53, 233-245.
    • (1984) Journal of Animal Ecology , vol.53 , pp. 233-245
    • Goss-Custard, J.D.1    Clark, R.T.2    Le V. Dit Durrell, S.E.A.3
  • 33
    • 0020372997 scopus 로고
    • Use of mussel Mytilus edulis beds by oystercatchers Haemalopus ostralegus according to age and population size
    • Goss-Custard, J.D., Durrell, S.E.A. Le V. Dit, McGrorty, S. & Reading, C.J. (1982) Use of mussel Mytilus edulis beds by oystercatchers Haemalopus ostralegus according to age and population size. Journal of Animal Ecology, 51, 543-554.
    • (1982) Journal of Animal Ecology , vol.51 , pp. 543-554
    • Goss-Custard, J.D.1    Le V. Dit Durrell, S.E.A.2    McGrorty, S.3    Reading, C.J.4
  • 34
    • 0000237823 scopus 로고
    • The ecology of the Wash. I. Distribution and diet of wading birds (Charadrii)
    • Goss-Custard, J.D., Jones, R.E. & Newbery, P.E. (1977) The ecology of the Wash. I. Distribution and diet of wading birds (Charadrii). Journal of Applied Ecology, 14, 681-700.
    • (1977) Journal of Applied Ecology , vol.14 , pp. 681-700
    • Goss-Custard, J.D.1    Jones, R.E.2    Newbery, P.E.3
  • 35
    • 8544251453 scopus 로고
    • Prey depletion inside and outside the territories of redshank, Tringa totanus
    • Goss-Custard, J.D., Nicholson, A.M. & Winterbottom, S. (1984b) Prey depletion inside and outside the territories of redshank, Tringa totanus. Animal Behaviour, 32, 1259-1260.
    • (1984) Animal Behaviour , vol.32 , pp. 1259-1260
    • Goss-Custard, J.D.1    Nicholson, A.M.2    Winterbottom, S.3
  • 36
    • 8544232317 scopus 로고
    • The influence of small mammals and other factors upon the larch sawfly survival
    • Graham, S.A. (1928) The influence of small mammals and other factors upon the larch sawfly survival. Journal of Economic Entomology, 21, 301-310.
    • (1928) Journal of Economic Entomology , vol.21 , pp. 301-310
    • Graham, S.A.1
  • 37
    • 0000107229 scopus 로고
    • Competitive foraging in mallards: 'ideal free' ducks
    • Harper, D.G.C. (1982) Competitive foraging in mallards: 'ideal free' ducks. Animal Behaviour, 30, 575-584.
    • (1982) Animal Behaviour , vol.30 , pp. 575-584
    • Harper, D.G.C.1
  • 39
    • 0014673629 scopus 로고
    • New inductive population model for insect parasites and its bearing on biological control
    • Hassell, M.P. & Varley, G.C. (1969) New inductive population model for insect parasites and its bearing on biological control. Nature, 223, 1133-1136.
    • (1969) Nature , vol.223 , pp. 1133-1136
    • Hassell, M.P.1    Varley, G.C.2
  • 40
    • 0022193193 scopus 로고
    • Inverse density dependent parasitism in a patchy environment: A laboratory system
    • Hassell, M.P., Lessells, C.M. & McGavin, G.C. (1985) Inverse density dependent parasitism in a patchy environment: a laboratory system. Ecological Entomology, 10, 393-402.
    • (1985) Ecological Entomology , vol.10 , pp. 393-402
    • Hassell, M.P.1    Lessells, C.M.2    McGavin, G.C.3
  • 41
    • 0026282142 scopus 로고
    • The persistence of host-parasitoid associations in patchy environments. I. A general criterion
    • Hassell, M.P., May, R.M., Pacala, S.W. & Chesson, P.L. (1991) The persistence of host-parasitoid associations in patchy environments. I. A general criterion. American Naturalist 138, 568-583.
    • (1991) American Naturalist , vol.138 , pp. 568-583
    • Hassell, M.P.1    May, R.M.2    Pacala, S.W.3    Chesson, P.L.4
  • 42
    • 0023500984 scopus 로고
    • The dynamics of the viburnum whitefly (Aleurotrachelus jelinekii): A case study of population regulation
    • Hassell, M.P., Southwood, T.R.E. & Reader, P.M. (1987) The dynamics of the viburnum whitefly (Aleurotrachelus jelinekii): a case study of population regulation. Journal of Animal Ecology, 56, 283-300.
    • (1987) Journal of Animal Ecology , vol.56 , pp. 283-300
    • Hassell, M.P.1    Southwood, T.R.E.2    Reader, P.M.3
  • 43
    • 0020697419 scopus 로고
    • Studies on the natural enemy complex of the holly leaf-miner: The effects of scale on the detection of aggregative responses and the implications for biological control
    • Heads, P.A. & Lawton, J.H. (1983) Studies on the natural enemy complex of the holly leaf-miner: the effects of scale on the detection of aggregative responses and the implications for biological control. Oikos, 40, 267-276.
    • (1983) Oikos , vol.40 , pp. 267-276
    • Heads, P.A.1    Lawton, J.H.2
  • 44
    • 84880026161 scopus 로고
    • Some characteristics of simple types of predation
    • Holling, C.S. (1959) Some characteristics of simple types of predation. Canadian Entomologist, 91, 385-398.
    • (1959) Canadian Entomologist , vol.91 , pp. 385-398
    • Holling, C.S.1
  • 45
    • 0028973850 scopus 로고
    • The ideal free distribution of unequal competitors: Predictions from a behaviour-based functional response
    • Holmgren, N. (1995) The ideal free distribution of unequal competitors: predictions from a behaviour-based functional response. Journal of Animal Ecology, 64, 197-212.
    • (1995) Journal of Animal Ecology , vol.64 , pp. 197-212
    • Holmgren, N.1
  • 47
    • 0025693763 scopus 로고
    • Group foraging in starlings: Distributions of unequal competitors
    • Inman, A.J. (1990) Group foraging in starlings: distributions of unequal competitors. Animal Behaviour, 40, 801-810.
    • (1990) Animal Behaviour , vol.40 , pp. 801-810
    • Inman, A.J.1
  • 48
    • 0001195036 scopus 로고
    • Grazing of the seagrass Zostera noltii by birds at Terschelling (Dutch Wadden Sea)
    • Jacobs, R.P.W.M., Hartog, C. den, Braster, B.F. & Carriere, F.C. (1981) Grazing of the seagrass Zostera noltii by birds at Terschelling (Dutch Wadden Sea). Aquatic Botany, 10, 241-259.
    • (1981) Aquatic Botany , vol.10 , pp. 241-259
    • Jacobs, R.P.W.M.1    Den Hartog, C.2    Braster, B.F.3    Carriere, F.C.4
  • 50
    • 0005370344 scopus 로고
    • The effects of woodpeckers on populations of the Englemann spruce beetle
    • Knight, F.B. (1958) The effects of woodpeckers on populations of the Englemann spruce beetle. Journal of Economic Entomology, 51, 603-607.
    • (1958) Journal of Economic Entomology , vol.51 , pp. 603-607
    • Knight, F.B.1
  • 51
    • 0027704603 scopus 로고
    • Food exploitation by a winter flock of greylag geese: Behavioural dynamics, competition and social status
    • Kotrschal, K., Hemetsberger, J. & Dittami, J. (1993) Food exploitation by a winter flock of greylag geese: behavioural dynamics, competition and social status. Behavioural Ecology and Sociobiology, 33, 289-295.
    • (1993) Behavioural Ecology and Sociobiology , vol.33 , pp. 289-295
    • Kotrschal, K.1    Hemetsberger, J.2    Dittami, J.3
  • 52
    • 0022238204 scopus 로고
    • Parasitoid foraging: Should parasitism be density-dependent?
    • Lessells, C.M. (1985) Parasitoid foraging: should parasitism be density-dependent? Journal of Animal Ecology, 54, 27-41.
    • (1985) Journal of Animal Ecology , vol.54 , pp. 27-41
    • Lessells, C.M.1
  • 53
    • 8544263102 scopus 로고
    • Individual heterogeneity and population regulation
    • ed. Kings' College Sociobiology Group, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
    • Lomnicki, A. (1982) Individual heterogeneity and population regulation. Current Problems in Sociobiology (ed. Kings' College Sociobiology Group), pp. 153-167. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
    • (1982) Current Problems in Sociobiology , pp. 153-167
    • Lomnicki, A.1
  • 55
    • 0025640288 scopus 로고
    • State dependent ideal free distributions
    • McNamara, J.M. & Houston, A.I. (1990) State dependent ideal free distributions. Evolutionary Ecology, 4, 298-311.
    • (1990) Evolutionary Ecology , vol.4 , pp. 298-311
    • McNamara, J.M.1    Houston, A.I.2
  • 56
    • 0027036896 scopus 로고
    • Relationships between social status, otolith size at first feeding and subsequent growth in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)
    • Metcalfe, N.B., Wright, P.J. & Thorpe, J.E. (1992) Relationships between social status, otolith size at first feeding and subsequent growth in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Journal of Animal Ecology, 61, 585-589.
    • (1992) Journal of Animal Ecology , vol.61 , pp. 585-589
    • Metcalfe, N.B.1    Wright, P.J.2    Thorpe, J.E.3
  • 58
    • 0000144640 scopus 로고
    • Dominance and dispersal between feeding sites in the herring gull (Larus argentatus)
    • Monaghan, P. (1980) Dominance and dispersal between feeding sites in the herring gull (Larus argentatus). Animal Behaviour, 28, 521-527.
    • (1980) Animal Behaviour , vol.28 , pp. 521-527
    • Monaghan, P.1
  • 59
    • 0030300994 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The intensity of interference varies with food density: Support for behaviour-based models of interference
    • Moody, A.L. & Ruxton, G.D. (1996) The intensity of interference varies with food density: support for behaviour-based models of interference. Oecologia, 108, 446-449.
    • (1996) Oecologia , vol.108 , pp. 446-449
    • Moody, A.L.1    Ruxton, G.D.2
  • 60
    • 0024901922 scopus 로고
    • Aggregation by parasitoids and predators: Effects on equilibrium and stability
    • Murdoch, W.W. & Stewart-Oaten, A. (1989) Aggregation by parasitoids and predators: effects on equilibrium and stability. American Naturalist, 134, 288-310.
    • (1989) American Naturalist , vol.134 , pp. 288-310
    • Murdoch, W.W.1    Stewart-Oaten, A.2
  • 61
    • 0028976411 scopus 로고
    • Individual differences in resource use, growth and emigration under the influence of a dominance hierarchy in fluvial red-spotted masu salmon in a natural habitat
    • Nakano, S. (1995) Individual differences in resource use, growth and emigration under the influence of a dominance hierarchy in fluvial red-spotted masu salmon in a natural habitat. Journal of Animal Ecology, 64, 75-84.
    • (1995) Journal of Animal Ecology , vol.64 , pp. 75-84
    • Nakano, S.1
  • 62
    • 0000334087 scopus 로고
    • The balance of animal populations
    • Nicholson, A.J. (1933) The balance of animal populations. Journal of Animal Ecology, 2, 132-178.
    • (1933) Journal of Animal Ecology , vol.2 , pp. 132-178
    • Nicholson, A.J.1
  • 64
    • 0001665122 scopus 로고
    • The reproductive behaviour and nature of sexual selection in Scatophaga stercoraria L. II. The fertilisation rate and the spatial and temporal relationships of each sex around the site of mating and oviposition
    • Parker, G.A. (1970) The reproductive behaviour and nature of sexual selection in Scatophaga stercoraria L. II. The fertilisation rate and the spatial and temporal relationships of each sex around the site of mating and oviposition. Journal of Animal Ecology, 39, 205-228.
    • (1970) Journal of Animal Ecology , vol.39 , pp. 205-228
    • Parker, G.A.1
  • 65
    • 0022180821 scopus 로고
    • Microhabitat use by heteromyid rodents: Effects of artificial seed patches
    • Price, M.V. & Waser, N.M. (1985) Microhabitat use by heteromyid rodents: effects of artificial seed patches. Ecology, 66, 211-219.
    • (1985) Ecology , vol.66 , pp. 211-219
    • Price, M.V.1    Waser, N.M.2
  • 66
    • 0028163242 scopus 로고
    • Aggregation and the dynamics of host-parasitoid systems: A discrete-generation model with within-generation redistribution
    • Rohani, P., Godfray, H.C.J. & Hassell, M.P. (1994) Aggregation and the dynamics of host-parasitoid systems: a discrete-generation model with within-generation redistribution. American Naturalist, 144, 491-509.
    • (1994) American Naturalist , vol.144 , pp. 491-509
    • Rohani, P.1    Godfray, H.C.J.2    Hassell, M.P.3
  • 67
    • 0022840804 scopus 로고
    • Foraging pattern of pine siskins and its influence on winter moth survival in an apple orchard
    • Roland, J., Hannon, S.J. & Smith, M.A. (1986) Foraging pattern of pine siskins and its influence on winter moth survival in an apple orchard. Oecologia, 69, 47-52.
    • (1986) Oecologia , vol.69 , pp. 47-52
    • Roland, J.1    Hannon, S.J.2    Smith, M.A.3
  • 68
    • 0343657874 scopus 로고
    • Evolutionary significance of predators' response to local differences in prey density. A theoretical study
    • eds P. J. den Boer & G. R. Gradwell, Centre for Agricultural Publishing and Documentation, Wageningen
    • Royama, T. (1971) Evolutionary significance of predators' response to local differences in prey density. A theoretical study. Dynamics of Populations (eds P. J. den Boer & G. R. Gradwell), pp. 344-357. Centre for Agricultural Publishing and Documentation, Wageningen.
    • (1971) Dynamics of Populations , pp. 344-357
    • Royama, T.1
  • 69
    • 0003287498 scopus 로고
    • Equalisation of prey number by migratory shorebirds
    • Schneider, D.C. (1978) Equalisation of prey number by migratory shorebirds. Nature, 271, 353-354.
    • (1978) Nature , vol.271 , pp. 353-354
    • Schneider, D.C.1
  • 70
    • 0011043961 scopus 로고
    • Predation on the urchin Echinometra lucunter (Linnaeus) by migratory shorebirds on a tropical reef flat
    • Schneider, D. (1985) Predation on the urchin Echinometra lucunter (Linnaeus) by migratory shorebirds on a tropical reef flat. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 92, 19-27.
    • (1985) Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology , vol.92 , pp. 19-27
    • Schneider, D.1
  • 71
    • 0001300318 scopus 로고
    • Thinning and clearing of prey by predators
    • Schneider, D.C. (1992) Thinning and clearing of prey by predators. American Naturalist, 139, 148-160.
    • (1992) American Naturalist , vol.139 , pp. 148-160
    • Schneider, D.C.1
  • 72
    • 0011531021 scopus 로고
    • The distribution between feeding sites of herring gulls breeding at Walney Island
    • Sibly, R.M. & McCleery, R.M. (1983) The distribution between feeding sites of herring gulls breeding at Walney Island. Journal of Animal Ecology, 52, 51-68.
    • (1983) Journal of Animal Ecology , vol.52 , pp. 51-68
    • Sibly, R.M.1    McCleery, R.M.2
  • 73
    • 0022194539 scopus 로고
    • Wildlife and the gypsy moth
    • Smith, H.R. (1985) Wildlife and the gypsy moth. Wildlife Society Bulletin, 13, 166-174.
    • (1985) Wildlife Society Bulletin , vol.13 , pp. 166-174
    • Smith, H.R.1
  • 74
    • 0011972056 scopus 로고
    • Prey density and rates of predation by tits (Parus spp.) on larvae of codling moth (Cydia pomonella) under bark
    • Solomon, M.E. & Glen, D.M. (1979) Prey density and rates of predation by tits (Parus spp.) on larvae of codling moth (Cydia pomonella) under bark. Journal of Applied Ecology, 16, 49-59.
    • (1979) Journal of Applied Ecology , vol.16 , pp. 49-59
    • Solomon, M.E.1    Glen, D.M.2
  • 75
    • 0023477586 scopus 로고
    • The frequency of density-dependence in insect host-parasitoid systems
    • Stiling, P.D. (1987) The frequency of density-dependence in insect host-parasitoid systems. Ecology, 68, 844-856.
    • (1987) Ecology , vol.68 , pp. 844-856
    • Stiling, P.D.1
  • 77
    • 0021038484 scopus 로고
    • Aggregation and the 'ideal free' distribution
    • Sutherland, W.J. (1983) Aggregation and the 'ideal free' distribution. Journal of Animal Ecology, 52, 821-828.
    • (1983) Journal of Animal Ecology , vol.52 , pp. 821-828
    • Sutherland, W.J.1
  • 78
    • 0027073609 scopus 로고
    • Game theory models of functional and aggregative responses
    • Sutherland, W.J. (1992) Game theory models of functional and aggregative responses. Oecologia, 90, 150-152.
    • (1992) Oecologia , vol.90 , pp. 150-152
    • Sutherland, W.J.1
  • 80
    • 0028173725 scopus 로고
    • A spatial depletion model of the interaction between bean geese and wigeon with the consequences for habitat management
    • Sutherland, W.J. & Allport, G.A. (1994) A spatial depletion model of the interaction between bean geese and wigeon with the consequences for habitat management. Journal of Animal Ecology, 63, 51-59.
    • (1994) Journal of Animal Ecology , vol.63 , pp. 51-59
    • Sutherland, W.J.1    Allport, G.A.2
  • 81
    • 0027340970 scopus 로고
    • Predicting the distribution of individuals and the consequences of habitat loss: The role of prey depletion
    • Sutherland, W.J. & Anderson, C.W. (1993) Predicting the distribution of individuals and the consequences of habitat loss: the role of prey depletion. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 160, 223-230.
    • (1993) Journal of Theoretical Biology , vol.160 , pp. 223-230
    • Sutherland, W.J.1    Anderson, C.W.2
  • 82
    • 0028006548 scopus 로고
    • Combining behaviour and population dynamics with applications for predieting consequences of habitat loss
    • Sutherland, W.J. & Dolman, P.M. (1994) Combining behaviour and population dynamics with applications for predieting consequences of habitat loss. Proceedings of the Royal Society London Series B, 255, 133-138.
    • (1994) Proceedings of the Royal Society London Series B , vol.255 , pp. 133-138
    • Sutherland, W.J.1    Dolman, P.M.2
  • 83
    • 0020428318 scopus 로고
    • Field estimates of the strength of interference between oystercatchers Haematopus ostralegus
    • Sutherland, W.J. & Koene, P. (1982) Field estimates of the strength of interference between oystercatchers Haematopus ostralegus. Oecologia, 55, 108-109.
    • (1982) Oecologia , vol.55 , pp. 108-109
    • Sutherland, W.J.1    Koene, P.2
  • 85
    • 0027041078 scopus 로고
    • The relationships between continuous input and interference models of ideal free distributions with unequal competitors
    • Sutherland, W.J. & Parker, G.A. (1992) The relationships between continuous input and interference models of ideal free distributions with unequal competitors. Animal Behaviour, 44, 345-355.
    • (1992) Animal Behaviour , vol.44 , pp. 345-355
    • Sutherland, W.J.1    Parker, G.A.2
  • 87
    • 84950423641 scopus 로고
    • Integrated control of apple pests in New Zealand. II. Field estimation of fifth-instar larval and pupal mortalities of codling moth by tagging with cobalt-58
    • Wearing, C.H. (1975) Integrated control of apple pests in New Zealand. II. Field estimation of fifth-instar larval and pupal mortalities of codling moth by tagging with cobalt-58. New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 2, 135-149.
    • (1975) New Zealand Journal of Zoology , vol.2 , pp. 135-149
    • Wearing, C.H.1
  • 88
    • 0001519957 scopus 로고
    • Density-related processes in feeding dispersion and feeding activity of teal (Anas crecca)
    • Zwarts, L. (1976) Density-related processes in feeding dispersion and feeding activity of teal (Anas crecca). Ardea, 64, 192-209.
    • (1976) Ardea , vol.64 , pp. 192-209
    • Zwarts, L.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.