Toad tadpole aggregation behaviour: Evidence for a predator avoidance function

Animal Behaviour

Volumn 54, Issue 4, 1997, Pages 865-872

  Watt, Penelope J ^a   Nottingham, Stephen F ^a,b   Young, Stephen ^b  

^a DE MONTFORT UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^b IMPERIAL COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AGGREGATION BEHAVIOUR; PREDATOR AVOIDANCE; TADPOLE; TOAD;

ANURA; ARENA; BUFO BUFO;

EID: 0030734181     PISSN: 00033472     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1006/anbe.1996.0512     Document Type: Article

References (28)

1. Beiswenger, R. E. 1975. Structure and function in aggregations of the American toad, Bufo americanus. Herpetologica, 31, 222-233.
2. Beiswenger, R. E. 1977. Diel patterns of aggregative behaviour in tadpoles of Bufo americanus, in relation to light and temperature. Ecology, 58, 98-108.
3. Black, J. H. 1970. A possible stimulus for the formation of some aggregations in tadpoles of Scaphiopus bombifrons. Proc. Oklahoma Acad. Sci, 49, 13-14.
4. Blaustein, A. R. & O'Hara, R. K. 1981. Genetic control for sibling recognition? Nature, Lond., 290, 246-248.
5. Branch, L. C. 1983. Social behaviour of the tadpoles of Phyllomedusa vaillanti. Copeia, 1983, 420-428.
6. Foster, M. S. & McDiarmid, R. W. 1982. Study of aggregative behavior of Rhinophrynus dorsalis tadpoles: design and analysis. Herpetologica, 38, 395-404.
7. Foster, W. A. & Treherne, J. E. 1981. Evidence for the dilution effect in the selfish herd from fish predation on a marine insect. Nature, Lond., 293, 466-467.
8. Glandt, D. 1984. Laboratory experiment on the preypredator relationship between three-spined stickle-backs, Gasterosteus aculeatus L. (Teleostei), and common toad larvae, Bufo bufo. Zool. Anz., 213, 12-16.
9. Gosner, K. L. 1960. A simplified table for staging anuran embryos and larvae with notes on identification. Herpetologica, 16, 183-190.
10. Griffiths, R. A. & Denton, J. 1992. Interspecific associations in tadpoles. Anim. Behav., 44, 1153-1157.
11. Griffiths, R. A., Getliff, J. M. & Mylotte, V. J. 1988. Diel patterns of activity and vertical migration in tadpoles of the common toad, Bufo bufo. Herpetol. J., 1, 223-226.
12. Hamilton, W. D. 1971. Geometry for the selfish herd. J. theor. Biol., 31, 295-311.
13. Heinrich, B. & Vogt, F. D. 1980. Aggregation and foraging behaviour of whirligig beetles (Gyrinidae). Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol., 7, 179-186.
14. Hokit, D. G. & Blaustein, A. R. 1995. Predator avoidance and alarm-response behaviour in kindiscriminating tadpoles (Rana cascadae). Ethology, 101, 280-290.
15. Ideker, J. 1976. Tadpole thermoregulatory behavior facilitates grackle predation. Texas J. Sci., 27, 244-245.
16. Kats, L. B., Petranka, J. W. & Sih, A. 1988. Antipredator defenses and the persistence of amphibian larvae with fishes. Ecology, 69, 1865-1870.
17. Loose, C. J., von Elert, E. & Dawidowicz, P. 1993. Chemically induced diel vertical migration in Daphnia: a new bioassay for kairomones exuded by fish. Arch. Hydrobiol., 126, 329-337.
18. Milinski, M. 1979. Can an experienced predator overcome the confusion of swarming prey? Anim. Behav., 27, 1122-1126.
19. O'Hara, R. K. & Blaustein, A. R. 1981. An investigation of sibling recognition in Rana cascadae tadpoles. Anim. Behav., 29, 1121-1126.
20. Skelly, D. K. & Werner, E. E. 1990. Behavioral and life-historical responses of larval American toads to an odonate predator. Ecology, 71, 2313-2322.
21. Southwood, T. R. E. 1978. Ecological Methods. 2nd edn. London: Chapman & Hall.
22. Treherne, J. E. & Foster, W. A. 1982. Group size and anti-predator strategies in a marine insect. Anim. Behav., 32, 536-542.
23. Von Elert, E. & Loose, C. J. 1996. Predator induced diel vertical migration in Daphnia: enrichment and preliminary chemical characterization of a kairomone exuded by fish. J. chem. Ecol., 22, 885-895.
24. Waldman, B. 1981. Sibling recognition in toad tadpoles: the role of experience. Z. Tierpsychol., 56, 341-358.
25. Waldman, B. 1985. Olfactory basis of kin recognition in toad tadpoles. J. comp. Physiol. A, 156, 565-577.
26. Waldman, B. 1991. Kin recognition in amphibians. In: Kin Recognition (Ed. P. G. Hepper), pp. 162-219. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
27. Waldman, B. & Alder, K. 1979. Toad tadpoles associate preferentially with siblings. Nature, Lond., 282, 611-613.
28. Watt, P. J. & Young, S. 1994. Effect of predator chemical cues on Daphnia behaviour in both horizontal and vertical planes. Anim. Behav., 48, 861-869.