메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 18, Issue 1, 1997, Pages 35-41

Innovation patterns in sustainable tourism: An analytical typology

(1)  Hjalager, Anne Mette a  

a NONE   (Denmark)

Author keywords

Environmental innovations; Reverse product cycle; Typology

Indexed keywords

ECOTOURISM; ENVIRONMENTAL INNOVATION; INNOVATIVE ACTIVITY; TOURISM INDUSTRY;

EID: 0030732656     PISSN: None     EISSN: 02615177     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0261-5177(96)00096-9     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (150)

References (65)
  • 1
    • 0000664032 scopus 로고
    • Sources, procedures, and effects of microeconomic effects of innovation
    • Dosi, G., Sources, procedures, and effects of microeconomic effects of innovation. Journal of Economic Literature, 1988, 26, 1120-1171.
    • (1988) Journal of Economic Literature , vol.26 , pp. 1120-1171
    • Dosi, G.1
  • 5
    • 0042245869 scopus 로고
    • Conclusion. Special interest in tourism. In search of an alternative
    • eds B. Weiler and C. Michael Hall. Belhaven, London
    • Weiler, B., Conclusion. Special interest in tourism. In search of an alternative. In Special Interest Tourism, eds B. Weiler and C. Michael Hall. Belhaven, London, 1992, pp. 199-204.
    • (1992) Special Interest Tourism , pp. 199-204
    • Weiler, B.1
  • 9
    • 38249005617 scopus 로고
    • Ecotourism and minimum impact policy
    • Blangy, S. and Nilsen, T., Ecotourism and minimum impact policy. Annals of Tourism Research, 1993, 20, 357-360; Boo, Elizabeth, Ecotourism: the potential and pitfalls. World Wildlife Fund, Washington, DC, 1990; Ziffer, K., Ecotourism: An Uneasy Alliance. Conservation International, 1989
    • (1993) Annals of Tourism Research , vol.20 , pp. 357-360
    • Blangy, S.1    Nilsen, T.2
  • 10
    • 38249005617 scopus 로고
    • World Wildlife Fund, Washington, DC
    • Blangy, S. and Nilsen, T., Ecotourism and minimum impact policy. Annals of Tourism Research, 1993, 20, 357-360; Boo, Elizabeth, Ecotourism: the potential and pitfalls. World Wildlife Fund, Washington, DC, 1990; Ziffer, K., Ecotourism: An Uneasy Alliance. Conservation International, 1989
    • (1990) Ecotourism: The Potential and Pitfalls
    • Boo, E.1
  • 11
    • 38249005617 scopus 로고
    • Conservation International
    • Blangy, S. and Nilsen, T., Ecotourism and minimum impact policy. Annals of Tourism Research, 1993, 20, 357-360; Boo, Elizabeth, Ecotourism: the potential and pitfalls. World Wildlife Fund, Washington, DC, 1990; Ziffer, K., Ecotourism: An Uneasy Alliance. Conservation International, 1989
    • (1989) Ecotourism: An Uneasy Alliance
    • Ziffer, K.1
  • 13
    • 0027749813 scopus 로고
    • Basic steps towards encouraging local participation in nature tourism projects
    • eds K. Lindberg and D. E. Hawkins. The Ecotourism Society, North Bennington, Vermont
    • Brandon, K., Basic steps towards encouraging local participation in nature tourism projects. in Ecotourism. A Guide for Planners and Managers, eds K. Lindberg and D. E. Hawkins. The Ecotourism Society, North Bennington, Vermont, 1993, pp. 134-151.
    • (1993) Ecotourism. A Guide for Planners and Managers , pp. 134-151
    • Brandon, K.1
  • 17
    • 0042245867 scopus 로고
    • Research note, Farnham, April
    • Middleton, V., Environmental threats and opportunities of tourism. Research note, Farnham, April 1993; Trigano, G., Tourism and the environment. The Club Méditerranée experience. UNEP Industry and Environment, 1984, 7, 20-21.
    • (1993) Environmental Threats and Opportunities of Tourism
    • Middleton, V.1
  • 18
    • 0021554303 scopus 로고
    • Tourism and the environment. The Club Méditerranée experience
    • Middleton, V., Environmental threats and opportunities of tourism. Research note, Farnham, April 1993; Trigano, G., Tourism and the environment. The Club Méditerranée experience. UNEP Industry and Environment, 1984, 7, 20-21.
    • (1984) UNEP Industry and Environment , vol.7 , pp. 20-21
    • Trigano, G.1
  • 19
    • 0041745355 scopus 로고
    • Environmental auditing for tourism
    • Goodall, B., Environmental auditing for tourism. Progress in Tourism, Recreation and Hospitality Management, 1992, 4, 60-73; Jenner, P. and Smith, C., The tourism industry and the environment. EUI Special Report No. 2453, London, 1992.
    • (1992) Progress in Tourism, Recreation and Hospitality Management , vol.4 , pp. 60-73
    • Goodall, B.1
  • 20
    • 0004149647 scopus 로고
    • EUI Special Report No. 2453, London
    • Goodall, B., Environmental auditing for tourism. Progress in Tourism, Recreation and Hospitality Management, 1992, 4, 60-73; Jenner, P. and Smith, C., The tourism industry and the environment. EUI Special Report No. 2453, London, 1992.
    • (1992) The Tourism Industry and the Environment
    • Jenner, P.1    Smith, C.2
  • 22
    • 0043248179 scopus 로고
    • Canadian hotels go green and save cash
    • April, 16-18
    • Hawkins, R., Canadian hotels go green and save cash. Hospitality, 1993, April, 16-18; March, N., Is green just fashionable or can it be profitable? Tourism Enterprise, 1993, 86, 20-22.
    • (1993) Hospitality
    • Hawkins, R.1
  • 23
    • 0043248176 scopus 로고
    • Is green just fashionable or can it be profitable?
    • Hawkins, R., Canadian hotels go green and save cash. Hospitality, 1993, April, 16-18; March, N., Is green just fashionable or can it be profitable? Tourism Enterprise, 1993, 86, 20-22.
    • (1993) Tourism Enterprise , vol.86 , pp. 20-22
    • March, N.1
  • 24
    • 84965402118 scopus 로고
    • Alternative tourism; Pious hope or trojan horse
    • Butler, R. W., Alternative tourism; Pious hope or trojan horse. Journal of Travel Research, 1990, 40-45; Wight, P., Ecotourism: ethics or eco-sell? Journal of Travel Research, 1993, 3-9.
    • (1990) Journal of Travel Research , pp. 40-45
    • Butler, R.W.1
  • 25
    • 0027386508 scopus 로고
    • Ecotourism: Ethics or eco-sell?
    • Butler, R. W., Alternative tourism; Pious hope or trojan horse. Journal of Travel Research, 1990, 40-45; Wight, P., Ecotourism: ethics or eco-sell? Journal of Travel Research, 1993, 3-9.
    • (1993) Journal of Travel Research , pp. 3-9
    • Wight, P.1
  • 26
    • 84984744739 scopus 로고
    • Nature based tour operators. Are they environmentally friendly or are they faking it?
    • Weiler, B., Nature based tour operators. Are they environmentally friendly or are they faking it? Tourism Recreation Research, 1993, 18, 55-60.
    • (1993) Tourism Recreation Research , vol.18 , pp. 55-60
    • Weiler, B.1
  • 29
    • 0043248177 scopus 로고
    • Virtual reality: Its future in travel and tourism: Thinking may not be the best way to travel
    • Perlmutter, M., Virtual reality: its future in travel and tourism: thinking may not be the best way to travel. Travel and Tourism Association, 1992, 11, 63-66; Urry, J., The Tourist Gaze. Leisure and Travel in Contemporary Societies. Sage, London, 1990.
    • (1992) Travel and Tourism Association , vol.11 , pp. 63-66
    • Perlmutter, M.1
  • 30
  • 31
    • 0041745351 scopus 로고
    • Danske hoteller vil vaere grønne
    • 31 August
    • Pilegaard, H., Danske hoteller vil vaere grønne. Jyllands Posten, 31 August 1994.
    • (1994) Jyllands Posten
    • Pilegaard, H.1
  • 32
    • 0043248180 scopus 로고
    • Hotels and the environment
    • June, 14-19
    • Anonymous, Hotels and the environment. BHR (British Hotels and Restaurants), 1991, June, 14-19.
    • (1991) BHR (British Hotels and Restaurants)
  • 37
    • 0042747081 scopus 로고
    • Vienna: ISEP Environtour Proceedings, Wienna
    • Pillmann, W. and Predl, S. (eds). Strategies for reducing the environmental impact of tourism, Vienna: ISEP Environtour Proceedings, Wienna, 1993; Hopfenbeck, W. and Zimmer, P., Umweltsorientiertes Tourismusmanagement. Strategien, Checklisten, Fallstudien. Verlag Moderne Industrie, Landsberg/ Lech, 1993.
    • (1993) Strategies for Reducing the Environmental Impact of Tourism
    • Pillmann, W.1    Predl, S.2
  • 39
    • 0004193735 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Economist Books, London
    • Cairncross, F., Costing the Earth. The Economist Books, London; Elkington, J., The Green Capitalists. Victor Gollancz, London, 1989.
    • Costing the Earth
    • Cairncross, F.1
  • 40
    • 0004220089 scopus 로고
    • Victor Gollancz, London
    • Cairncross, F., Costing the Earth. The Economist Books, London; Elkington, J., The Green Capitalists. Victor Gollancz, London, 1989.
    • (1989) The Green Capitalists
    • Elkington, J.1
  • 43
    • 0000568944 scopus 로고
    • Environmental planning for tourism
    • Inskeep, E., Environmental planning for tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 1987, 14, 118-135; Romeril, M., Coastal tourism - the experience of Great Britain. UNEP Industry and Environment, 1984, 7, 4-7; Williams, P. W. and Gill, A., Tourism carrying capacity management issues. In Global tourism. The next decade, ed. W. F. Theobald. Butterworth Heinemann, Oxford, 1994, 174-187; WTO (World Tourism Organization), Tourist carrying capacity. UNEP Industry and Environment, 1984, 7, 30-36.
    • (1987) Annals of Tourism Research , vol.14 , pp. 118-135
    • Inskeep, E.1
  • 44
    • 0021577871 scopus 로고
    • Coastal tourism - The experience of Great Britain
    • Inskeep, E., Environmental planning for tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 1987, 14, 118-135; Romeril, M., Coastal tourism - the experience of Great Britain. UNEP Industry and Environment, 1984, 7, 4-7; Williams, P. W. and Gill, A., Tourism carrying capacity management issues. In Global tourism. The next decade, ed. W. F. Theobald. Butterworth Heinemann, Oxford, 1994, 174-187; WTO (World Tourism Organization), Tourist carrying capacity. UNEP Industry and Environment, 1984, 7, 30-36.
    • (1984) UNEP Industry and Environment , vol.7 , pp. 4-7
    • Romeril, M.1
  • 45
    • 0000568944 scopus 로고
    • Tourism carrying capacity management issues
    • ed. W. F. Theobald. Butterworth Heinemann, Oxford
    • Inskeep, E., Environmental planning for tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 1987, 14, 118-135; Romeril, M., Coastal tourism - the experience of Great Britain. UNEP Industry and Environment, 1984, 7, 4-7; Williams, P. W. and Gill, A., Tourism carrying capacity management issues. In Global tourism. The next decade, ed. W. F. Theobald. Butterworth Heinemann, Oxford, 1994, 174-187; WTO (World Tourism Organization), Tourist carrying capacity. UNEP Industry and Environment, 1984, 7, 30-36.
    • (1994) Global Tourism. The Next Decade , pp. 174-187
    • Williams, P.W.1    Gill, A.2
  • 46
    • 0021607201 scopus 로고
    • Tourist carrying capacity
    • Inskeep, E., Environmental planning for tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 1987, 14, 118-135; Romeril, M., Coastal tourism - the experience of Great Britain. UNEP Industry and Environment, 1984, 7, 4-7; Williams, P. W. and Gill, A., Tourism carrying capacity management issues. In Global tourism. The next decade, ed. W. F. Theobald. Butterworth Heinemann, Oxford, 1994, 174-187; WTO (World Tourism Organization), Tourist carrying capacity. UNEP Industry and Environment, 1984, 7, 30-36.
    • (1984) UNEP Industry and Environment , vol.7 , pp. 30-36
  • 47
    • 0042245872 scopus 로고
    • Tourism development: Some thoughts on the reconciliation of production and resource systems
    • Groningen, 23-26 August Groningen University
    • Ashworth, G., Tourism development: some thoughts on the reconciliation of production and resource systems. Paper presented at the 34th European Congress of the Regional Science Association, Groningen, 23-26 August 1994, Groningen University; Briassoulis, H., Environmental impacts of tourism. A framework for analysis and evaluation. In Tourism and the regional, economic and policy issues, eds H. Briassoulis and J. van der Straaten. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 1992, 11-22.
    • (1994) 34th European Congress of the Regional Science Association
    • Ashworth, G.1
  • 48
    • 0001921626 scopus 로고
    • Environmental impacts of tourism. A framework for analysis and evaluation
    • eds H. Briassoulis and J. van der Straaten. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht
    • Ashworth, G., Tourism development: some thoughts on the reconciliation of production and resource systems. Paper presented at the 34th European Congress of the Regional Science Association, Groningen, 23-26 August 1994, Groningen University; Briassoulis, H., Environmental impacts of tourism. A framework for analysis and evaluation. In Tourism and the regional, economic and policy issues, eds H. Briassoulis and J. van der Straaten. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 1992, 11-22.
    • (1992) Tourism and the Regional, Economic and Policy Issues , pp. 11-22
    • Briassoulis, H.1
  • 49
    • 0012998328 scopus 로고
    • Practical environmental policies in travel and tourism - Part II: Airlines, tour operators and destinations
    • Middleton, V. and Hawkins, R., Practical environmental policies in travel and tourism - Part II: airlines, tour operators and destinations. EIU Traven and Tourism Analyst, 1994, 1, 83-97.
    • (1994) EIU Traven and Tourism Analyst , vol.1 , pp. 83-97
    • Middleton, V.1    Hawkins, R.2
  • 50
    • 0042245871 scopus 로고
    • Self-regulation in action: British Airways' environmental programme
    • Meades, G., Self-regulation in action: British Airways' environmental programme. Environment and Development WTTERC Newsletter, 1993, 2, 4-5; Middleton, V. and Hawkins, R., Practical environmental policies in travel and tourism - Part 1: the hotel sector. IEU Travel and Tourism Analyst. 1993, 6, 63-76;
    • (1993) Environment and Development WTTERC Newsletter , vol.2 , pp. 4-5
    • Meades, G.1
  • 51
    • 0001919710 scopus 로고
    • Practical environmental policies in travel and tourism - Part 1: The hotel sector
    • Meades, G., Self-regulation in action: British Airways' environmental programme. Environment and Development WTTERC Newsletter, 1993, 2, 4-5; Middleton, V. and Hawkins, R., Practical environmental policies in travel and tourism - Part 1: the hotel sector. IEU Travel and Tourism Analyst. 1993, 6, 63-76;
    • (1993) IEU Travel and Tourism Analyst , vol.6 , pp. 63-76
    • Middleton, V.1    Hawkins, R.2
  • 52
    • 0012998328 scopus 로고
    • Practical environmental policies in travel and tourism - Part II; airlines, tour operators and destinations
    • Middleton, V. and Hawkins, R., Practical environmental policies in travel and tourism - Part II; airlines, tour operators and destinations. EIU Travel and Tourism Abnalyst, 1994, 1, 83-97.
    • (1994) EIU Travel and Tourism Abnalyst , vol.1 , pp. 83-97
    • Middleton, V.1    Hawkins, R.2
  • 53
    • 0042747084 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wallace, 1990
    • Wallace, 1990.
  • 54
    • 0012998328 scopus 로고
    • Practical environmental policies in travel and tourism. Part I: The hotels ector
    • Middleton, V. and Hawkins, R., Practical environmental policies in travel and tourism. Part I: the hotels ector. EIU Travel and Tourism Analyst, 1994, 1, 83-97.
    • (1994) EIU Travel and Tourism Analyst , vol.1 , pp. 83-97
    • Middleton, V.1    Hawkins, R.2
  • 55
    • 0003396116 scopus 로고
    • World Wildlife Fund, Washington, DC
    • Boo, E., Ecotourism: The Potential and Pitfalls. World Wildlife Fund, Washington, DC, 1990; DeKadt, E., Making the alternative sustainable: lessons from development of tourism. In Tourism Alternatives. Potentials and Problems in the Development of Tourism, eds V. L. Smith and William R. Eadington. University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia, 1992, pp. 47-75; Pigram, J. J., Environmental implications of tourism development. Annals of Tourism Research, 1980, 7, 554-583; Valentine, P. D., Review. Nature based tourism. In Special Interest Tourism, eds B. Weiler and C. M. Hall. Belhaven press, London, 1992, 105-128.
    • (1990) Ecotourism: The Potential and Pitfalls
    • Boo, E.1
  • 56
    • 0003073715 scopus 로고
    • Making the alternative sustainable: Lessons from development of tourism
    • eds V. L. Smith and William R. Eadington. University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia
    • Boo, E., Ecotourism: The Potential and Pitfalls. World Wildlife Fund, Washington, DC, 1990; DeKadt, E., Making the alternative sustainable: lessons from development of tourism. In Tourism Alternatives. Potentials and Problems in the Development of Tourism, eds V. L. Smith and William R. Eadington. University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia, 1992, pp. 47-75; Pigram, J. J., Environmental implications of tourism development. Annals of Tourism Research, 1980, 7, 554-583; Valentine, P. D., Review. Nature based tourism. In Special Interest Tourism, eds B. Weiler and C. M. Hall. Belhaven press, London, 1992, 105-128.
    • (1992) Tourism Alternatives. Potentials and Problems in the Development of Tourism , pp. 47-75
    • DeKadt, E.1
  • 57
    • 0019100399 scopus 로고
    • Environmental implications of tourism development
    • Boo, E., Ecotourism: The Potential and Pitfalls. World Wildlife Fund, Washington, DC, 1990; DeKadt, E., Making the alternative sustainable: lessons from development of tourism. In Tourism Alternatives. Potentials and Problems in the Development of Tourism, eds V. L. Smith and William R. Eadington. University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia, 1992, pp. 47-75; Pigram, J. J., Environmental implications of tourism development. Annals of Tourism Research, 1980, 7, 554-583; Valentine, P. D., Review. Nature based tourism. In Special Interest Tourism, eds B. Weiler and C. M. Hall. Belhaven press, London, 1992, 105-128.
    • (1980) Annals of Tourism Research , vol.7 , pp. 554-583
    • Pigram, J.J.1
  • 58
    • 0005466096 scopus 로고
    • Review. Nature based tourism
    • eds B. Weiler and C. M. Hall. Belhaven press, London
    • Boo, E., Ecotourism: The Potential and Pitfalls. World Wildlife Fund, Washington, DC, 1990; DeKadt, E., Making the alternative sustainable: lessons from development of tourism. In Tourism Alternatives. Potentials and Problems in the Development of Tourism, eds V. L. Smith and William R. Eadington. University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia, 1992, pp. 47-75; Pigram, J. J., Environmental implications of tourism development. Annals of Tourism Research, 1980, 7, 554-583; Valentine, P. D., Review. Nature based tourism. In Special Interest Tourism, eds B. Weiler and C. M. Hall. Belhaven press, London, 1992, 105-128.
    • (1992) Special Interest Tourism , pp. 105-128
    • Valentine, P.D.1
  • 61
    • 0003073715 scopus 로고
    • Making the alternative sustainable: Lessons from development of tourism
    • eds V. L. Smith and W. R. Eadington. University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia
    • DeKadt, E., Making the alternative sustainable: lessons from development of tourism. In Tourism alternatives. Potentials and problems in the development of tourism, eds V. L. Smith and W. R. Eadington. University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia, 1992, pp. 47-75.
    • (1992) Tourism Alternatives. Potentials and Problems in the Development of Tourism , pp. 47-75
    • DeKadt, E.1
  • 62
    • 0027749813 scopus 로고
    • Basic steps towards encouraging local participation in nature tourism projects
    • eds K. Lindberg and D. E. Hawkins. The Ecotourism Society, North Bennington, Vermont
    • Brandon, K., Basic steps towards encouraging local participation in nature tourism projects. In Ecotourism. A guide for planners and managers, eds K. Lindberg and D. E. Hawkins. The Ecotourism Society, North Bennington, Vermont, 134-151, 1993.
    • (1993) Ecotourism. A Guide for Planners and Managers , pp. 134-151
    • Brandon, K.1
  • 63
    • 0027729484 scopus 로고
    • Ecotourism and community development: A view from Belize
    • eds K. Lindberg and D. E. Hawkins. The Ecotourism Society
    • Horwich, R. H., Murray, D., Saqui, E., Lyon, J. and Godfrey, D., Ecotourism and community development: a view from Belize. In Ecotourism: A Guide for Planners and Managers, eds K. Lindberg and D. E. Hawkins. The Ecotourism Society, 1993, 152-168.
    • (1993) Ecotourism: A Guide for Planners and Managers , pp. 152-168
    • Horwich, R.H.1    Murray, D.2    Saqui, E.3    Lyon, J.4    Godfrey, D.5
  • 64
    • 0041745350 scopus 로고
    • Technological and institutional innova-tions in the service sector
    • eds Å. E. Andersson, D. F. Batten and C. Karlsson. Springer, Berlin
    • Lakshmanan, T. R., Technological and institutional innova-tions in the service sector. In Knowledge and Industrial Organization, eds Å. E. Andersson, D. F. Batten and C. Karlsson. Springer, Berlin, 1989, 63-81.
    • (1989) Knowledge and Industrial Organization , pp. 63-81
    • Lakshmanan, T.R.1
  • 65
    • 34248428816 scopus 로고
    • New technologies and the new services. Towards an innovation strategy for Europe
    • Barras, R., New technologies and the new services. Towards an innovation strategy for Europe. Futures, 1986, 749-772.
    • (1986) Futures , pp. 749-772
    • Barras, R.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.