Dependence of the Monin-Obukhov stability parameter on the bulk Richardson number over the Ocean

Journal of Applied Meteorology

Volumn 36, Issue 4, 1997, Pages 406-414

  Grachev, A A ^a,b   Fairall, C W ^a  

^a NOAA EARTH SYSTEM RESEARCH LABORATORY   (United States)

^b Institute of Atmospheric Physics   (Russian Federation)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AIR-SEA FLUX; AIR/SEA FLUX; FLOW MODELLING; MARINE BOUNDARY LAYER; MONIN-OBUKHOV STABILITY PARAMETER; MONIN-OBUKHOV THEORY; RICHARDSON NUMBER; SURFACE FLUX;

EID: 0030730430     PISSN: 08948763     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/1520-0450(1997)036<0406:DOTMOS>2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Article

References (44)

1. Anderson, S. P., R. A. Weller, and R. B. Lukas, 1996: Surface bouyancy forcing and the mixed layer of the western Pacific warm pool: Observations and one-dimensional model results. J. Climate, 9, 3056-3085.
2. Barker, E. H., and T. L. Baxter, 1975: A note on the computation of atmospheric surface layer fluxes for use in numerical modeling. J. Appl. Meteor., 14, 620-622.
3. Beljaars, A. C. M., 1995: The parameterization of surface fluxes in large-scale models under free convection. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 121, 255-270.
4. Blanc, T. V., 1985: Variation of bulk-derived surface flux, stability, and roughness results due to the use of different transfer coefficient schemes. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 15, 650-669.
5. _, 1987: Accuracy of bulk-method-derived flux, stability, and sea roughness. J. Geophys. Res., 92, 3867-3876.
6. Businger, J. A., 1973: A note on free convection. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 4, 323-326.
7. _, J. C. Wyngaard, Y. Izumi, and E. F. Bradley, 1971: Flux profile relationships in the atmospheric surface layer. J. Atmos Sci., 28, 181-189.
8. Carl, M. D., T. C. Tarbell, and H. A. Panofsky, 1973: Profiles of wind and temperature from towers over homogeneous terrain. J. Atmos. Sci., 30, 788-794.
9. 2, over the ocean. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 15, 507-523.
10. Deardorff, J. W., 1968: Dependence of air-sea transfer coefficients on bulk stability. J. Geophys. Res., 73, 2549-2557.
11. _, 1970: Convective velocity and temperature scales for the unstable planetary boundary layer and for Rayleigh convection. J. Atmos. Sci., 27, 1211-1213.
12. Dyer, A. J., 1974: A review of flux-profile relationships. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 7, 363-372.
13. Edson, J. B., and C. W. Fairall, 1994: Recent measurements of the dimensionless turbulent kinetic energy dissipation function over the ocean. Proc. Second Int. Conf. on Air-Sea Interaction and Meteorology and Oceanography of the Coastal Zone, Lisbon, Portugal, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 224-225.
14. _, _, P. G. Mestayer, and S. E. Larsen, 1991: A study of the inertial-dissipation method for computing air-sea fluxes. J. Geophys. Res., 96, 10 689-10 711.
15. Fairall, C. W., and S. E. Larsen, 1986: Internal-dissipation methods and turbulent fluxes at the air-ocean interface. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 34, 287-301.
16. _, J. B. Edson, S. E. Larsen, and P. G. Mestayer, 1990: Inertial-dissipation air-sea flux measurements: A prototype system using real-time spectral computations. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 7, 425-453.
17. _, E. F. Bradley, D. P. Rogers, J. B. Edson, and G. S. Young, 1996a: Bulk parameterization of air-sea fluxes for Tropical Oceans and Global Atmosphere Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment. J. Geophys. Res., 101, 3747-3764.
18. _, _, J. S. Godfrey, G. A. Wick, J. B. Edson, and G. S. Young, 1996b: Cool-skin and warm-layer effects on sea surface temperature. J. Geophys. Res., 101, 1295-1308.
19. _, J. B. Edson, and J. E. Hare, 1997: Integrated shipboard measurements of the marine boundary layer. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., in press.
20. Friehe, C. A., 1977: Estimation of the refractive-index structure parameter in the atmospheric boundary layer over the ocean. Appl. Opt., 16, 334-340.
21. Fujitani, T., 1985: Method of turbulent flux measurements on a ship by using a stable platform system. Pap. Meteor. Geophys., 36, 157-170.
22. Garratt, J. R., 1977: Review of drag coefficients over oceans and continents. Mon. Wea. Rev., 105, 915-929.
23. Geernaert, G. L., 1990: Bulk parameterizations for the wind stress and heat fluxes. Surface Waves and Fluxes, G. L. Geernaert and W. J. Plant, Eds., Vol. 1, Kluwer Academic, 336 pp.
24. Godfrey, J. S., and A. C. M. Beljaars, 1991: On the turbulent fluxes of bouyancy, heat, and moisture at the air-sea interface at low wind speeds. J. Geophys. Res., 96, 22 043-22 048.
25. Hogstrom, U., 1988: Non-dimensional wind and temperature profiles in the atmospheric surface layer. Bound.-Laver Meteor., 42, 263-270.
26. Kader, B. A., and A. M. Yaglom, 1990: Mean fields and fluctuation moments in unsatably stratified turbulent boundary layers. J. Fluid Mech., 212, 637-662.
27. Kraus, E. B., and J. Businger, 1994: Atmosphere-Ocean Interaction. 2d ed. Oxford University Press, 362 pp.
28. Kropfli, R. A., and S. F. Clifford, 1994: The San Clemente Island Ocean Probing Experiment: A study of air-sea interactions with remole and in situ sensors. Proc. IGARSS94, Pasadena, CA, IEEE, 2407-2409.
29. Launiainen, J., 1995: Derivation of the relationship between the Obukhov stability parameter and the bulk Richardson number for flux-profile studies. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 76, 165-179.
30. Liu, W. T., K. B. Katsaros, and J. A. Businger, 1979: Bulk parameterization of the air-sea exchange of heat and water vapor including the molecular constraints at the interface. J. Atmos. Sci., 36, 1722-1735.
31. Louis, J.-F., 1979: A parametric model of vertical eddy fluxes in the atmosphere. Bound.-Luyer Meteor., 17, 187-202.
32. Monin, A. S., and A. M. Yaglom, 1971: Statistical Fluid Mechanics: Mechanics of Turbulence. Vol. 1. MIT Press, 769 pp.
33. Panofsky, H. A., and J. A. Dutton, 1984: Atmospheric Turbulence. Wiley-Interscience, 397 pp.
34. Paulson, C. A., 1969: Comments on a paper by J. W. Deardorff, "Dependence of air-sea transfer coefficients on bulk stability". J. Geophys. Res., 74, 2141-2142.
35. _, 1970: The mathematical representation of wind speed and temperature profiles in the unstable atmospheric surface layer. J. Appl. Meteor., 9, 857-860.
36. Schumann, U., 1988: Minimum friction velocity and heat transfer in the rough surface layer of a convective boundary layer. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 44, 311-326.
37. Smith, S. D., 1988: Coefficients for sea surface wind stress, heat flux, and wind profiles as a function of wind speed and temperature. J. Geophys. Res., 93, 15 467-15 472.
38. _, C. W. Fairall, G. L. Geernaert, and L. Hasse, 1996: Air-sea interaction: A review of 25 years of research. Bound.-Laver Meteor., 78, 247-290.
39. Stull, R. B., 1994: A convective transport theory for surface fluxes. J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 3-22.
40. Sykes, R. I., D. S. Henn, and W. S. Lewellen, 1993: Surface-layer description under free-convection conditions. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 119, 409-421.
41. Webster, P. J., and R. Lukas, 1992: TOGA COARE: The Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 73, 1377-1416.
42. Young, G. S., S. M. Perugini, and C. W. Fairall, 1995: Convective wakes in the equatorial western Pacific during TOGA COARE. Mon. Wea. Rev., 123, 110-123.
43. Zilitinkevich, S. S., 1995: Non-local turbulent transport: Pollution dispersion aspects of coherent structure of convective flow. Air Pollution III, Vol. 1, H. Power, N. Moussiopoulos, and C. A. Brebbia, Eds., Air Pollution Theory and Simulation, Computational Mechanics, 53-60.
44. Zilitinkevich, S. S., 1995: Non-local turbulent transport: Pollution dispersion aspects of coherent structure of convective flow. Air Pollution III, Vol. 1, H. Power, N. Moussiopoulos, and C. A. Brebbia, Eds., Air Pollution Theory and Simulation, Computational Mechanics, 53-60.