Nitrogen oxides and ozone production in the North Atlantic marine boundary layer

Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres

Volumn 102, Issue 9, 1997, Pages 10653-10665

  Carsey, Thomas P ^a   Churchill, Dean D ^b   Farmer, Michael L ^a   Fischer, Charles J ^a   Pszenny, Alexander A ^c   Ross, Victor B ^d,f   Saltzman, Eric S ^b   Springer Young, M ^a   Bonsang, Bernard ^e  

^a ATLANTIC OCEANOGRAPHIC AND METEOROLOGICAL LABORATORY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI   (United States)

^c MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

^d NAVAL OCEANOGRAPHIC OFFICE   (United States)

^e CNRS   (France)

^f Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center Pacific   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ASTEX; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; ATMOSPHERIC GASES; MARINE BOUNDARY LAYER; NITROGEN COMPOUNDS; NITROGEN OXIDES; OXIDES; OZONE;

ATLANTIC, (NORTH);

EID: 0030729118     PISSN: 01480227     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/96jd03511     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. Ancellet, G., M. Beekmann, and A. Papayannis, Impact of a cutoff low development on downward transport of ozone in the troposphere, J. Geophy. Res., 99, 3451-3468, 1994.
2. Bachmeier, A. S., M. C. Shipham, E. V. Browell, W. B. Grant, and J. M. Klassa, Stratospheric/tropospheric exchange affecting the northern wetlands region of Canada during summer 1990, J. Geophy. Res., 99, 1793-1804, 1994.
3. Bamber, D. J., P. G. W. Healey, B. M. R. Jones, S. A. Penkett, and A. F. Tuck, Vertical profiles of tropospheric gases: Chemical consequences of stratospheric intrusions, Atmos. Environ. 18, 1759-1766, 1984.
4. Bateman, H., Solution of a system of differential equations in the theory of radio-active transformations, Proc. Cambridge Philos. Soc., 15, 423, 1910.
5. Broll, A., G. Helas, K.-J. Kumpel, and P. Warneck, NOx background mixing ratios in the surface air over Europe and the Atlantic Ocean, in Physico-Chemical Behaviour of Atmospheric Pollutants, edited by B. Versino and G. Angeletti, pp. 390-400, D. Reidel, Norwell, Mass., 1990.
6. Carney, T. A., and J. Fishman, A one-dimensional photochemical model of the troposphere with a trade-wind boundary-layer parameterization, Tellus, 38B, 112-143, 1986.
7. Carroll, M. A., M. McFarland, B. A. Ridley, and D. L. Albritton, Ground-based nitric oxide measurements at Wallops Island, Virginia, J. Geophys. Res., 90, 12,853-12,860, 1985.
8. Chameides, W. L., D. D. Davis, M. O. Rodgers, J. Bradshaw, S. Sandholm, G. Sachse, G. Hill, G. Gregory, and R. Rasmussen, Net ozone photochemical production over the eastern and central North Pacific as inferred from GTC/CITE 1 observations during fall 1983, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 2131-215, 1987.
9. Crutzen, P. J., The influence of nitrogen oxides on the atmospheric ozone content, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 96, 320-325, 1970.
10. 2 in the chemistry of the troposphere and stratosphere, Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci., 7, 443-472, 1979.
11. Davis, D. D., et al., Assessment of ozone photochemistry in the western North Pacific as inferred from PEM-West A observations during the fall 1991, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 2111-2134, 1996.
12. Dickerson, R. R., B. G. Doddridge, K. P. Rhoads, and P. Kelley, Large-scale pollution of the atmosphere over the remote Atlantic Ocean: Evidence from Bermuda, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 8945-8962, 1995.
13. Doddridge, B. G., P. A. Dirmeyer, J. T. Merrill, S. J. Oltmans, and R. R. Dickerson, Interannual variability over the eastern North Atlantic Ocean: Chemical and meteorological evidence for tropical influence on regional-scale transport in the extratropics, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 22,923-22,935, 1994.
14. Draxler, R. R., Hybrid single-particle Lagrangian integrated trajectories (Hy-Split): Version 3.0 - User's guide and model description, NOAA Tech. Memo., ERLARL-195, 1992.
15. Fehsenfeld, F. C., R. R. Dickerson, G. Hubler, J. G. Calvert, and B. A. Ridley, A ground-based intercomparison of NO, NOx, and NOy measurement techniques, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 14,710-14,722, 1987.
16. Finlayson-Pitts, B. J., and J. N. Pitts Jr., Atmospheric Chemistry: Fundamentals and Experimental Techniques, 1098 pp., John Wiley, New York, 1986.
17. Fishman, J., S. Solomon, and P. J. Crutzen, Observational and theoretical evidence in support of a significant in-situ photochemical source of tropospheric ozone, Tellus, 31, 423-446, 1979.
18. Goldberg, E. D., Black Carbon in the Environment, 196 pp., John Wiley, New York, 1985.
19. Hansen, A. D. A., R. S. Artz, A. A. P. Pszenny, and R. E. Larsen, Aerosol black carbon and radon as tracers for airmass origin over the North Atlantic Ocean, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 4, 189-199, 1990.
20. Holton, J. R., An Introduction to Dynamic Meteorology, 3rd ed., 509 pp., Academic, San Diego, Calif., 1992.
21. Houghton, H. G., Physical Meteorology, 442 pp., MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass., 1985.
22. Jenkins, R., X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry, p. 187, Am. Chem. Soc., Washington, D.C., 1978.
23. Johnson, J. E., R. H. Gammon, J. Larsen, T. S. Bates, S. J. Oltmans, and J. C. Farmer, Ozone in the marine boundary layer over the Pacific and Indian Oceans: Latitudinal gradients and diurnal cycles, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 11,847-11,856, 1990.
24. Joseph, D. W., and C. W. Spicer, Chemiluminescence method for atmospheric monitoring of nitric acid and nitrogen oxides, Anal. Chem., 50, 1400-1403, 1978.
25. Kasibhatla, P. S., H. Levy II, and W. J. Moxim, Global NOx, HNO3, PAN, and NOy distributions from fossil fuel combustion emissions: A model study, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 7165-7180, 1993.
26. Larson, R. E., and D. J. Bressan, Automatic radon counter for continual unattended operation, Rev. Sci. Instrum., 49, 965-959, 1978.
27. Levy, H., J. D. Mahlman, and W. J. Moxim, A stratospheric source of reactive nitrogen in the unpolluted troposphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 7, 441-444, 1980.
28. 3 budgets in the equatorial Pacific, J. Geophys. Res., 88, 1360-1368, 1983.
29. Liu, S. C., M. Trainer, F. Fehsenfeld, D. Parrish, E. Williams, D. Fahey, G. Hubler, and P. Murphy, Ozone production in the rural troposphere and the implications for regional and global ozone distributions, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 4191-4207, 1987.
30. Liu, S. C., M. Trainer, M. A. Carroll, G. Hubler, D. D. Montzka, R. B. Norton, B. A. Ridley, J. G. Walega, E. L. Atlas, B. G. Heikes, B. J. Huebert, and W. Warren, A study of the photochemistry and ozone budget during the Mauna Loa Observatory Photochemistry Experiment, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 10,463-10,471, 1992.
31. NASA Panel for Data Evaluation, Chemical kinetics and photochemical data for use in strospheric modeling, Eval. 10, JPL Publ. 92-20, Jet Propul. Lab., Calif. Inst. of Technol., Pasadena, 1992.
32. Novelli, P. C., L. P. Steele, and P. P. Tans, Mixing ratios of carbon monoxide in the troposphere, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 20,731-20,750, 1992.
33. Oltmans, S. J., and H. Levy II, Seasonal cycle of surface ozone over the western North Atlantic, Nature, 358, 392-394, 1992.
34. Parrish, D. D., C. J. Hahn, F. C. Fehsenfeld, H. B Singh, and B. A. Ridley, Indications of photochemical histrories of Pacific airmasses from measurements of atmospheric trace species at Point Arena, California, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 15,883-15,901, 1992.
35. Parrish, D. D., J. S. Holloway, M. Trainer, P. C. Murphy, G. L. Forbes, and F. C. Fehsenfeld, Export of North American ozone pollution to the North Atlantic Ocean, Science, 259, 1436-1439, 1993.
36. Piotrowicz, S., R. Rasmussen, K. Hanson, and C. Fischer, Ozone in the boundary layer of the equatorial Atlantic Ocean, Tellus, 41B, 314-322, 1989.
37. Piotrowicz, S. R., C. J. Fischer, and R. S. Artz, Ozone and carbon monoxide over the North Atlantic during a boreal summer, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 4, 215-224, 1990.
38. Ridley, B. A., Measurements of minor constituents in the stratosphere by chemiluminescence, Atmos. Tech., 9, 27-34, 1978.
39. 2 mixing ratios measured between 30° N and 30° S in the Atlantic region, J. Atmos. Chem., 15, 253-267, 1992.
40. Savoie, D. L., J. M. Prospero, S. J. Oltmans, W. C. Graustein, K. K. Turkekian, J. T. Merrill, and H. Levy II, Sources of nitrate and ozone in the marine boundary layer of the tropical North Atlantic, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 11,575-11,589, 1992.
41. Sokal, R. R., and F. J. Rohlf, Biometry, 2nd ed., W. H. Freeman, New York, 1981.
42. Thompson, A. M., The effect of clouds on photolysis rates and ozone formation in the unpolluted troposphere, J. Geophys. Res., 89, 1341-1349, 1984.
43. Thompson, A. M., et al., Ozone observations and a model of marine boundary layer photochemistry during SAGA 3, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 16,995-16,968, 1993.
44. Wilkening, M. H., and W. E. Clements, Radon 222 from the ocean surface, J. Geophys. Res., 80, 3828-3830, 1975.
45. Winkler, P., Surface ozone over the Atlantic Ocean, J. Atmos. Chem., 7, 73-91, 1988.
46. Yvon, S., and E. Saltzman, A time-dependent photochemical box model for atmospheric chemistry (PBMAC), Tech. Rep. RSMAS-TR-93-008, Rosenstiel School of Mar. and Atmos. Sci., Univ. of Miami, Miami, Fla., 1993.